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The emotion dysregulation and impulsivity are highly associated with alcohol use disorder (AUD). This study explored the role of impulsivity and emotion dysregulation and the interaction with adult probable ADHD on alcohol-related quality of life (QoL). In this observational trial, we analyzed data from the randomized TRAIN study, which compared efficacy of two cognitive training programs in patients AUD recently detoxified at 5 centers in France from February 2019 to February 2023, and who completed child and adult ADHD screening data (WURS + ARSR, n = 206 of 226). We collected baseline data on AUD severity, age, sex, quality of life (AQoLS), cognitive impairment (MoCA), impulsive behavior (UPPS-P) and emotion dysregulation (ERQ expressive suppression subscore, DERS-impulse). Patients with probable and without ADHD were compared. We performed multiple linear regression explaining the total AQoLS score (dependent variable) by impulsivity (UPPS-P score), emotion regulation (DERS-impulse), and expressive suppression (ERQ expressive suppression subscore), and their interaction with ADHD, adjusted on MoCA, sex, age. Forty (19%) patients were above the screening threshold for ADHD. The impact of alcohol on QoL was greater in them than in those without ADHD (57.3 (21.9) vs. 46.4 (19.6), p = 0.002). High impulsivity and emotion dysregulation dimensions were both significantly associated with poorer QoL. ADHD interacted significantly with expressive suppression to worsen the impact of alcohol on QoL (p = 0.04). The dysfunctional attempts to compensate for the strong dysregulation of emotions in ADHD lowers QoL in AUD., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest AL, TM, PL, MB, AD, PP, AC: no conflict of interest related to this manuscript. HD: declares to have participated in occasional interventions (conference activities) for Abbvie, Gilead, Ethypharm AB: declares to have participated in occasional interventions (conference activities) for Eisai, Gilead and Abbvie. Board member Indivior and Camurus., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Distorted body representations play a major role in the onset and maintenance of Schizophrenia. However, these distortions are difficult to assess because explicit assessments can provoke intense fears about the body and require a good insight. We proposed an implicit motor imagery task to a 14-year-old girl with Early-Onset Schizophrenia. The test consisted of presenting different openings varying in width. For each aperture, the young girl has to say if she could pass through without turning her shoulders. A critical aperture is determined as the first aperture for which she considered she could no longer pass, compared to her shoulders' width. The girl perceived herself as 51 % wider than she was, indicating a significant oversized body schema. The implicit assessments of body schema generate less anxiety and does not require a great level of insight; moreover, those are promising tools for early detection of disease in prodromal phases of Schizophrenia and assistance with differential diagnosis., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Background: Teacher social support (TSS) has been identified as one of the most important factors of success and well-being for students. Yet, there is a gap in the literature regarding the impact of students' socioeconomic status (SES) on their perceptions of TSS, and whether SES may impact the strength of the relationship between teacher social support and students' sense of belonging to school (SBS)., Aims: In this preregistered study, we aimed at filling this gap by testing the moderating role of SES on the TSS-SBS link, along with the direct associations between these variables., Sample: We used data from the French sample of the Programme for International Student Assessment 2018 (PISA; N = 6308)., Methods: TSS was primarily assessed as a latent construct based on three indicators provided by PISA: teacher support, teacher emotional support and teacher feedback. Regarding SES, we primarily focused on family wealth possessions and parents' highest level of education., Results: Using structural equation modelling, findings confirmed that the TSS-SBS link was stronger for high-SES than low-SES students. We also found a negative association between teacher support and SES. Importantly, preregistered additional analyses highlight that findings depend on the SES and TSS indicators considered., Conclusions: Findings support the importance of SES effect on students' perceptions of their interactions with teachers and the extent to which they perceive they belong to the school. The implications and limitations of this research are discussed., (© 2022 British Psychological Society.)

Background: This study explored the proportion of variance in depressive symptoms explained by processes targeted by BA (activation, behavioral avoidance, anticipatory pleasure, and brooding), and processes targeted by cognitive control training (cognitive control, attentional biases, and brooding)., Methods: Five hundred and twenty adults were recruited. They completed a spatial cueing task as a measure of attentional biases and a cognitive task as a measure of cognitive control and completed self-report measures of activation, behavioral avoidance, anticipatory pleasure, brooding, and depressive symptoms. With path analysis models, we explored the relationships between these predictors and depressive symptoms., Results: BA processes were significant predictors of depressive symptoms, and activation partially predicted anticipatory pleasure, which in turn predicted depressive symptoms. However, cognitive control and attentional biases predicted neither brooding nor depressive symptoms. A comprehensive model including all processes fit the data but did not explain more of the variance in brooding or depressive symptoms than a model including only BA processes., Limitations: The spatial cueing task was associated with low reliability and the use of a non-clinical sample limited the generalizability of the conclusions., Conclusion: Activation, behavioral avoidance, brooding, and anticipatory pleasure are relevant processes to target in order to reduce depressive symptoms, while cognitive control and attentional biases are not., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Krings, Simon, Carré and Blairy.)

Aims: Negative and positive urgency are emotion-related impulsivity traits that are thought to be transdiagnostic factors in psychopathology. However, it has recently been claimed that these two traits are closely related to each other and that considering them separately might have limited conceptual and methodological value. The present study aimed to examine whether positive and negative urgency constructs constitute separate impulsivity traits., Methods: In contrast to previous studies that have used latent variable approaches, this study employed an item-based network analysis conducted in two different samples: a large sample of non-clinical participants (N = 18,568) and a sample of clinical participants with psychiatric disorders (N = 385)., Results: The network analysis demonstrated that items denoting both positive and negative urgency cohere as a single cluster of items termed "general urgency" in both clinical and non-clinical samples, thereby suggesting that differentiating positive and negative urgency as separate constructs is not necessary., Conclusion: These findings have important implications for the conceptualization and assessment of urgency and, more broadly, for future research on impulsivity, personality, and psychopathology., (© 2021 The Authors. Journal of Personality published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Introduction: Development of fully internet-based programs could provide a new avenue to improve access to healthcare for problem gamblers. In this project, we aim to assess the efficacy of a web-based cognitive intervention targeting inhibitory control among problem gamblers, using a randomised controlled design. As impaired inhibitory control is involved in self-regulation difficulties in behavioural addictions, it represents a particularly relevant cognitive process to target for an online psychological intervention., Methods and Analysis: This will be a single-blinded, randomised, comparative therapeutic web-based, controlled trial. Up to 200 non-treatment seeking adult problem gamblers with a Problem Gambling Severity Index-recent (PGSI-recent) score ≥5 will be included. The intervention will be a computerised cognitive training program targeting inhibitory skills. The comparator, an active control, will be a computerised neutral sensorial program. Both programs will be carried out under similar conditions: biweekly online training for 6 weeks and optional telephone support will be offered to patients for debriefing. The main objective of the study is to assess the clinical efficacy of the online cognitive training program at 6 weeks, measured with the PGSI-recent. The secondary objectives are to assess the efficacy on the gambling behaviour assessed by the account-based gambling data, on the self-reported gambling practice, and on the inhibition performance at the neuropsychological level at 6, 14 and 52 weeks. We will also assess the acceptability of this program and the preferred level of guidance. Data analysis will be in intention-to-treat., Ethics and Dissemination: This randomized controlled trial will be executed in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration, and was approved by the local ethics boards (Comité de Protection des Personnes) in October 2017. The findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals., Trial Registration Number: NCT03673800., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdowns negatively impacted the mental health of populations. This impact is not equally distributed and increases existing mental health inequalities. Indeed, government restrictions and the economic consequences of the pandemic affect more the less educated and less wealthy people. However, psychological processes implicated in this increase of mental health inequalities during the COVID-19 pandemic remain unexplored. The present study (N=591) tested the role of financial insecurity and attentional control in the relation between socioeconomic status and mental health, along with the influence of trait anxiety. Based on Structural Equation Modelling, findings showed a mediation effect of financial insecurity, but not of attentional control, in the relationship between socioeconomic status and mental health. In addition, exploratory analyses suggested that financial insecurity also mediated the effect of attentional control on mental health. Results of the present research point at the importance of understanding psychological processes implicated in the effect of economic crises on mental health inequalities., Competing Interests: The authors have no competing interests to declare., (Copyright: © 2021 The Author(s).)

Introduction: Cognitive deficits are being robustly documented in gambling disorder. Cognitive training has been increasingly investigated as a treatment of substance use disorders. Four training components have been listed to date: cognitive bias, response inhibition, working memory, and goal-directed. This review aimed at the identification of use and efficacy findings in cognitive training in gambling disorder., Methods: We conducted a systematic search to identify use and efficacy data of cognitive training in gambling disorder. No use or efficacy data was available., Discussion and Perspectives: Studies assessing cognitive training in gambling disorder are being conducted and first results should be upcoming. Methodological challenges have been identified. Several candidate target cognitive functions of training programs are being investigated, relying on the most documented impairments in gambling disorder, inhibition, reward sensitivity and decision making. Gambling-specific or neutral environments are to be distinguished clearly and do not rely on similar assumptions, i.e. general vulnerability or vulnerability expressed only in the specific context of gambling. Proper control groups with placebo conditions should be implemented. Assessment of efficacy should include clinical and neuropsychological assessments to give information of underlying mechanisms of action., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Information and communication numeric technologies now have a deep influence on the field of healthcare. New medical practices using these technologies attempt to promote greater equality in the access of healthcare services, particularly in the field of mental health and addictions where the use of care remains low. Online gambling addiction, which we will here refer to problem gambling, seems to represent a relevant model of prevention and care measures based on the use of digital data extracted from Big data and the use of new technologies. The data from player accounts offer the possibility of a direct assessment of their gaming behavior. At the same time, we assume that the use of the Internet provides a framework for care to which online players may be particularly sensitive., (© 2019 médecine/sciences – Inserm.)

Abnormal functioning of primary brain systems that express and modulate basic emotional drives are increasingly considered to underlie mental disorders including autism spectrum disorders. We hypothesized that ASD are characterized by disruptions in the primary systems involved in the motivation for social bonding. Twenty adults with ASD were compared to 20 neurotypical participants on the basis of self-reports and clinical assessments, including the Social Anhedonia Scale (SAS) and the Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales (ANPS). ASD diagnosis was related to SAS, as well as to positive (PLAYFULNESS) and negative (FEAR) ANPS-traits. In the overall sample, levels of autistic traits (AQ) were related to SAS and PLAYFULNESS. We argue that PLAYFULNESS could be at the root of social bonding impairments in ASD.

Social anxiety disorder (SAD), which is characterized by the fear of being rejected and negatively evaluated, involves altered brain activation during the processing of negative emotions in a social context. Although associated temperament traits, such as shyness or behavioral inhibition, have been studied, there is still insufficient knowledge to support the dimensional approach, which assumes a continuum from subclinical to clinical levels of social anxiety symptoms. This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the neural bases of individual differences in social anxiety. Our sample included participants with both healthy/subclinical as well as clinical levels of social anxiety. Forty-six participants with a wide range of social anxiety levels performed a gender decision task with emotional facial expressions during fMRI scanning. Activation in the left anterior insula and right lateral prefrontal cortex in response to angry faces was positively correlated with the level of social anxiety in a regression analysis. The results substantiate, with a dimensional approach, those obtained in previous studies that involved SAD patients or healthy and subclinical participants. It may help to refine further therapeutic strategies based on markers of social anxiety., (© The Author (2013). Published by Oxford University Press. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Initially thought of as a unitary ability, empathy has been more recently considered to consist of 2 components (i.e., an affective and a cognitive component). The Basic Empathy Scale (BES) is a tool that has been used to assess empathy in young people and adolescents on the basis of this dual-component conception (Jolliffe & Farrington, 2006). Recent studies of empathy have led to it being defined as underpinned by 3 components, namely, emotional contagion, emotional disconnection, and cognitive empathy. The aims of this study were (a) to validate the BES in Adults and (b) to compare the different conceptions of empathy. Three hundred seventy French adults took part in the study, and 160 of them filled out complementary scales measuring empathy, alexithymia, and emotional consciousness. The confirmatory factor analyses showed that the 3-factor model was the model that was best able to account for the data. Complementary tools confirmed the relationships previously observed between empathy as assessed with the BES and other scales assessing emotional processes. The results of this study make it clear that empathy can be seen as process-dependent. This conception of empathy, which is based on 3 factors, is consistent with the current, more integrated view of empathy. The implications of this conception and the opportunity to use the 2 or 3 factors of the BES in adults are presented in the discussion.

Machiavellianism is a personality trait characterized by interpersonal manipulation and associated with specific patterns of emotional and social cognition skills. The aim of this study was to investigate its socio-cognitive characteristics by determining its association and predictors on the basis of a multidimensional approach to Machiavellianism. We used Mach IV scale to assess "Machiavellian Intelligence" skill of participants (Christie and Geis, 1970). It includes three subscales that are (1) the use of deceit in interpersonal relationships, (2) a cynical view of human nature and (3) the lack of morality. Associations were found between Machiavellianism and low levels of empathy and affective ToM, and high levels of alexithymia, anhedonia, depression, and anxiety. These associations were observed in varying proportions depending on the three subscales of Machiavellianism. The addition of anhedonia and trait-anxiety to the concepts of empathy and alexithymia made it possible to gain a better understanding of the emotional core of Machiavellianism. These findings are discussed in the light of developmental and adaptive perspectives.

Background: Impulsivity is a multifaceted construct that has a prominent role in psychiatry. Lynam et al (2006) have developed the UPPS-P, a 59-item scale measuring 5 impulsivity components: negative urgency, positive urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance, and sensation seeking. The aim of the present study was to validate a short, 20-item French version of the UPPS-P., Methods: Six hundred fifty participants filled out the short French UPPS-P. A subgroup of participants (n = 145) took part in a follow-up study and completed the scale twice to determine test-retest stability; another subgroup (n = 105) was screened with other questionnaires also to establish external validity., Results: Confirmatory factor analyses supported a hierarchical model comprising 2 higher order factors of urgency (resulting from negative urgency and positive urgency) and lack of conscientiousness (resulting from lack of premeditation and lack of perseverance) as well as a separate factor of sensation seeking. The results indicated good internal consistency and test-retest stability. External validity was supported by relationships with psychopathological symptoms., Conclusion: The short French version of the UPPS-P therefore presents good psychometric properties and may be considered a promising instrument for both research and clinical practice., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)