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Introduction: Despite advances in treatment, the diagnosis and management of cancer remains a physical and psychological ordeal for the patient. Many authors have studied the impact of religiosity in cancer patients. The aim of our study was to describe the psychological influence of religious beliefs and practices in these patients., Methods: We conducted a descriptive study of 50 patients undergoing treatment in the Radiation Oncology Department. The Arabic version of the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire (SCSORFQ) was used to assess religious faith. The patient's psychological experience was assessed through a questionnaire., Results: The entire population was Muslim. The mean age was 60.5years (34-85years), 60% of whom were women. Breast cancer was predominant (46%). Twenty-six percent of the population was illiterate. The majority of patients (66%) reported an increase in their faith since the announcement of the disease. The religiosity score increased significantly with age (P=0.019). A positive correlation between time since diagnosis and number of prayers per day (P=0.009). The lower the level of education, the higher was the degree of faith (P=0.013). Moreover, low degrees of education were linked to greater acceptance of all therapeutic decisions (P=0.016)., Conclusion: This study suggests the value of religious beliefs in helping cancer patients come to terms with their illness., (Copyright © 2024 Société Française du Cancer. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Bullying has become a worldwide concern, and is particularly serious in vocational high schools in China. The bullied students typically resort to coping strategies to mitigate its adverse consequences. However, there is a lack of research on which bullying coping strategies might mitigate the negative effects of bullying on students and which types of classroom discipline management might play a moderating role. The participants were 1483 students from a vocational high school. The Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire was used to identify 251 students who had experienced bullying. The results showed that: cognitive distancing significantly negatively predicted the externalizing problems of bullied students, while revenge seeking significantly positively predicted their externalizing problems. Seeking adult support and cognitive distancing significantly and negatively predicted the internalizing problems, while passive coping significantly positively predicted their internalizing problems. Discipline management played a moderating role in the relationship between coping strategies and externalizing problems. These findings suggest that seeking support from teachers and parents through open communication is encouraged, as it was shown to reduce internalizing problems. While cognitive distancing may offer temporary relief, revenge seeking and passive coping had detrimental effects on externalizing or internalizing problems. Positive disciplinary management mitigated externalizing problems for bullied students who used passive coping. However, punitive management potentially exacerbated externalizing problems for students who sought revenge. Furthermore, SEL programs only benefited those with low levels of passive coping. Special attention needs to be paid to bullied students who use passive coping or seek revenge, and guide them toward more adaptive responses.

Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is of serious public health concern. Paucity of literature exists on qualitative experiences of people with SCD, despite substantial research on the clinical signs and management of the disease. This study examined how SCD affects a range of undergraduate students' experiences, their academic achievements, relationships, mental health and healthcare utilization., Methods: This was an exploratory qualitative study that interviewed 22 participants selected by thematic saturation between September 2023 and February 2024. The study was conducted in Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State and Bowen University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, annex of Bowen University, Nigeria. Thematic analysis of qualitative data was conducted., Results: Eight distinct themes emerged and were linked to the study objectives. Findings show resilience and determination of the students in navigating the complexities of living with sicknesses while pursuing their academic goals and daily activities. This underscores the need for increased community awareness, support for undergraduates living with SCD, and access to effective healthcare to better assist undergraduates with SCD in managing their health and academic responsibilities effectively., Conclusion: Health professionals and lecturers working with undergraduates with SCD should be aware of diverse coping strategies for them and prioritize integrating such into clinical conversations and support in appropriate contexts., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Approval was obtained from the ethics committee of Bowen University Research Ethical Board. The procedures used in this study adhere to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. Participants signed consent form and parental consent was given for participants < 18 years. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

This qualitative study examined the experiences of school counsellors facing loss of colleagues, an unexplored area in educational settings. Twenty-one school counsellors who had lost their colleagues within the past five years participated in the semi-structured interviews. The findings revealed a wide spectrum of experiences among school counsellors who face colleague loss. Reactions range from initial shock to immediate action and are influenced by the nature of previous relationships with the deceased. Counsellors experience conflict between professional responsibilities and personal emotions and often struggle with blurred professional boundaries. They provide immediate emotional support to staff and students while simultaneously needing ongoing support, which is not always possible. Counsellors have developed diverse coping mechanisms, including peer support groups. These results highlight the need for formal support systems for counsellors dealing with colleague loss, emphasizing the complex interplay between personal grief and professional duties in a unique school environment., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Tuberculosis (TB) treatment interruption undermines the effectiveness of TB medications and jeopardizes treatment outcomes. This study aimed to explore barriers, challenges, coping strategies and facilitators of TB treatment interruption to understand the treatment pathway in achieving successful outcomes. In-depth interviews were conducted at public health clinics in Sarawak, Malaysia, utilizing a phenomenological approach. Thirty patients who experienced TB treatment interruption with eventual successful treatment were purposively selected based on various reasons for treatment interruption to obtain diverse viewpoints. The audio-recorded transcriptions underwent thematic and content analysis. Five major themes emerged under barriers and challenges: socioeconomic, patient, therapy, healthcare and condition-related factors. Notably, financial burdens led individuals to prioritize work over health. Adverse drug reactions resulted in inappropriate self-medication and healthcare dissatisfaction. Medication error with suboptimal dosing was another facet leading to treatment forfeiture. Lack of knowledge about treatment duration and medication adherence, along with negative personal factors such as laziness, dishonesty and forgetfulness were reported. Participants employed coping strategies to confront barriers and challenges, including acceptance and commitment to disease and treatment, self-adaptation in mental, physical and social aspects, and self-management of minor adverse events. Fear of disease worsening, previous experiences, social and financial supports, along with intrinsic motivators, were essential facilitators that prevented interruptions. Interconnectivity across the explored dimensions contextualized the understanding of TB treatment interruption and offered valuable information for designing patient-centered intervention strategies. Improving patient education coupled with tailored interventions addressing psychosocial and economic barriers is crucial for ensuring TB treatment completion., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Purpose: To identify the patterns of stressors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic among adolescents living in different cultural settings and to explore how adolescents cope with such stressors, particularly by type of stressor, site, and gender., Methods: The study was based on focus group discussion data from 9 urban poor communities in Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of Congo), Blantyre (Malawi), Shanghai (China), Semarang and Denpasar (Indonesia), New Orleans (USA), Ghent (Belgium), São Paulo (Brazil), and Santiago (Chile). Translated transcripts from the focus group discussions were uploaded into ATLAS.ti (Version 9.1) and analyzed using an inductive thematic analytical approach to code and identify themes related to the primary objectives., Results: Adolescents in Blantyre and Kinshasa reported stressors primarily related to economic constraints and hardships, whereas adolescents in other sites were more likely to report stressors related to school lockdowns. Patterns of coping strategies also loosely aligned with these differences, as adolescents in Blantyre and Kinshasa were also more likely to report using religious coping strategies compared to any other site. Still, the most common coping mechanism mentioned across sites was obtaining social support, with support from friends and family being the most dominant., Discussion: A comprehensive understanding of adolescent stressors and coping mechanisms is valuable for promoting internal resources and positive outcomes for adolescents. Given that adolescents' stressors and types of coping strategies varied primarily by socioeconomic factors, interventions that aim to bolster positive coping among adolescents need to consider the local context and available resources., (Copyright © 2024 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: This study aims to determine the relationship between psychological resilience, coping strategies and the fear of cancer recurrence in women who have undergone surgical procedures due to breast cancer., Methods: The study was conducted using a descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational research design. The sample of the study consisted of 252 women. Data were collected with The Patient Information Form, The Psychological Resilience Scale for Adults, The Ways of Coping Questionnaire and The Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory., Results: The mean scores of Psychological Resilience Scale for Adults, Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory, and the optimistic and self-confident subscales of the Ways of Coping Questionnaire among participants were found to be above average. The mean scores of the seeking social support and submissive subscales were at a moderate level, while the mean scores of the hopelessness approach subscale were below the moderate level. A moderate positive significant relationship was found between the total mean score of the Psychological Resilience Scale for Adults and the mean scores of the optimistic approach, self-confident approach, submissive approach, and seeking social support subscales of the Ways of Coping Questionnaire., Conclusion: A direct relationship was found between psychological resilience and coping strategies. However, this relationship could not be found with fear of cancer recurrence. It was concluded that the level of psychological resilience and coping strategies among breast cancer survivors can be positively influenced through the implementation of professional interventions aimed at fostering growth, addressing the initial cancer diagnosis, and promoting healthy adaptation., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that there are no conflict of interests., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

This study examined inter- and intra-person level associations between stress and overwhelm and adaptive coping strategies used by college students during COVID-19. Participants were 55 college students (Mage = 23.31, SD = 4.49; 87% White, 85% Female), who completed a 21-day daily diary study. The common coping strategies endorsed were media use, relaxation techniques, and exercise. Variability among feelings of stress (ICC = .520) and overwhelm (ICC = .530) were similarly explained by between and within-person differences. Daily stress and overwhelm were positively associated with relaxation techniques, media, and total coping strategies. Further, daily stress was positively associated with connection with others to cope. At the between-person level, average stress was associated with avoidance strategies such as taking a break from news to cope. These findings may prove useful in the development of interventions to increase the practice of adaptive coping strategies to reduce stress and overwhelm.

Although over the past 2 years several studies have been carried out on the psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on young people, few of them investigated the pandemic as psychosocial strain and its effects on deviant behaviors. According to Agnew's General Strain Theory, a repeated objective psychosocial strain, such as the pandemic, exerts pressure on deviance when individuals associate with deviant peers and have weak attachment to parents. Using a sample of 568 young Italians (ages: 15-20 years; 65.8% females, 34.2% males) from north, central and south Italy, we tested for the possible correlation between COVID-19 as a repeated psychosocial strain, deviant behaviors and the role of some coping strategies not included in the Agnew's original theoretical formulation. Results back the thesis that, considering the COVID-19 pandemic as a repeated subjective strain, affect deviance results primarily through association with deviant peers and less through weak attachment with family. The mediating role of coping strategies was found to be weak. The predominant role of the peer group in the genesis of deviant responses to strain will be discussed., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Objective: To identify signs of food insecurity (FI) and coping strategies among university students from three minority groups. Participants: Participants consisted of 3155 university students: 25.58% first-generation, 16.86% nonwhite, and 4.63% international. Methods: Students answered a questionnaire composed of the 2-item Hunger Vital Sign for food security, and questions about demographics, food campus resources, and coping strategies. Results: Among the three minorities, most students (53-57%) reported being food insecure. The food insecurity status was associated with being a senior, or graduate student, having participated in high school food programs, and use of university food resources in all minority groups. Also, a variation in the use of coping strategies to obtain food was reported among minority groups. Conclusion: There is a need to articulate minorities' awareness and use of the university's nutritional resources to face the high rates of FI. Campus initiatives should focus on the reality of underserved populations.

Understanding the experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV) is a critical first step in developing effective responses. However, the majority of research has focused on male perpetration against women, with male victimization being relatively marginalized. This study aims to explore the experiences of men with IPV in the context of Chinese society, where adherence to masculinity and the societal pursuit of face and harmony contribute to tolerance of IPV and hinder the understanding of male victim experiences. This study analyzes the IPV experiences shared by 57 men on public internet forums and invited 11 of them to participate in semi-structured interviews through private messages. Finally, thematic analysis was employed to qualitatively analyze the collected textual data. This study revealed seven key themes in the narratives of men. This study has significant implications for future research on IPV in China, as well as for policy formulation and service provision., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interests with respect to the authorship and/or publication of this article.

Victims of childhood maltreatment often experience revictimization later in life. However, there is scant knowledge of the explanatory mechanisms that generate this phenomenon. Problematic substance use is a maladaptive coping strategy that may increase the risk of revictimization after maltreatment. We used linear regressions and mediation analyses to investigate the explanatory role of problematic substance use in the association between childhood maltreatment and violent revictimization in young adulthood. We analyzed linked survey-register data on a sample of senior high school graduates in Norway ( n  = 3,156) who were followed longitudinally until ages 32 to 33 (2021). Ordinary least squares regression analyses showed that childhood maltreatment was associated with both problematic substance use and violent revictimization, adjusted for a wide range of covariates. Moreover, problematic substance use was associated with an increased risk of violent revictimization in young adulthood. Mediation analyses showed that about one eighth (12.0%) of the association between childhood maltreatment and violent revictimization was mediated by problematic substance use. Sensitivity tests indicated that the mediation may be susceptible to unmeasured confounding. Thus, it is unclear whether the mediating role of problematic substance use can be interpreted causally within a counterfactual framework. In conclusion, reducing problematic substance use among victims of childhood maltreatment may mitigate the risk of violent revictimization later in life. Early detection and tailored treatment of problematic substance use could be one way to prevent violent revictimization following childhood maltreatment. Therefore, equitable access to primary and specialized healthcare services is essential, both for victims of maltreatment and individuals with habits of (borderline) problematic substance use. However, the majority of the maltreatment-revictimization pathway (88.0%) is not statistically explained by substance use, which implies that other mechanisms are also at play., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interests with respect to the authorship and/or publication of this article.

This sub-study of the African Prospective Study on the Early Detection and Identification of Cardiovascular Disease and Hypertension (African-PREDICT) explored possible early psychological predictors of change in blood pressure. In a sample of normotensive at baseline black and white South Africans ( n  = 105; mean age at baseline 24.93), this study investigated the relationship between personality traits, coping strategies, and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure measured at baseline and 5-year follow-up. Another aim was to investigate a possible mediating effect of coping strategies on the relationship between personality traits and change in blood pressure. Extraversion, agreeableness, openness, and problem-solving skills were identified as possible protective factors against cardiovascular risk, confirming previous research in this regard. However, the effect of these was different for gender and ethnic subgroups. Preconditions for a possible mediation role for coping in the relationship between personality and change in blood pressure were not met. Future research should further explore gender and ethnic differences in the relationship between personality, coping, and cardiovascular health., Competing Interests: The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2024.)

Introduction: The use and influence of coping mechanisms vary across cultures and evaluation methods. Limited research exists on coping mechanisms for non-specific chronic low back pain (CLBP) in African societies. This secondary qualitative study explored adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies used by adults with CLBP in Nigerian and Zambian communities., Methods: Primary qualitative data from studies in rural Nigeria and peri-urban Zambia were used. Primary data were collected through in-depth face-to-face interviews with adults living with back pain to explore their experiences and coping strategies. Thematic analyses of interview transcripts from both studies were conducted using the framework approach, combining inductive and deductive analysis techniques., Findings: Participants used a mix of adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies for CLBP. Some strategies had both positive and negative aspects, with varying effects on individuals. A few participants focused on adaptive coping, staying positive, and actively managing their pain through stretching, exercise, pacing activities, spirituality, and belief in their strategies. They avoided seeking treatment for their back pain., Discussion: The nuances in coping with CLBP should be taken into consideration when developing coping assessment strategies and rehabilitation interventions for individuals with CLBP., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (© 2024 Igwesi-Chidobe, Nkhata and Ozumba.)

Background: Music Performance Anxiety (MPA) is a major setback for musicians with diverse backgrounds and expertise. MPA can be managed with adequate strategies, and success will improve if information and professional help is widely available and if musicians are willing to seek such help. Research on MPA has focused on the correlates (potential causes) of MPA, but results are scattered across studies. Also, the correlates of musicians' willingness to mitigate MPA remain underexplored., Method: To address the referred gaps, we inspected eleven sociodemographic and music-related predictors of MPA in a single sample and investigated potential correlates of musicians' coping strategies and openness to professional help., Results: Results from 184 Portuguese and Brazilian musicians pointed to age, sex, and discrepancies between real and ideal self as a musician as the most relevant predictors of MPA. Regarding coping strategies, we found that females, Portuguese, classical performers and those exposed to higher levels of external judgment resort more than males, Brazilians, non-classical and low-exposure musicians to physiology-related methods. Openness to professional help was lower in Portuguese, classical and high-exposure musicians, and in low-MPA performers., Conclusion: These findings contribute to better identifying individuals at risk of developing and perpetuating MPA, thus allowing more efficient awareness campaigns and intervention programs.

Objective: Numerous studies have highlighted the prevalence of mental health disorders among healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic, with varying indications of emotional strain. This study compares the psychological functioning of healthcare workers at the onset of the pandemic and two years later, offering a comprehensive assessment of their emotional and mental health status in the evolving context of COVID-19., Methods: This longitudinal analysis examined the relationship between stress, emotional processing, and their positive/negative impacts on medical personnel working in Polish hospitals and outpatient clinics in 2020 ( n = 285) and 2022 ( n = 252). The study employed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20), Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), Mini-COPE, Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS), Emotional Processing Scale (EPS), STAI, and PANAS to assess psychological responses and coping mechanisms., Results: Findings revealed a significant increase in denial, substance use, self-blame, negative mood, and impaired psychological and somatic functioning, alongside heightened symptoms of depression and anxiety. Conversely, a marked decrease in planning, positive reinterpretation, acceptance, religious coping, and seeking social support (both emotional and instrumental) was observed over the two-year period., Conclusion: The prolonged nature of the COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected the psychological resilience of healthcare professionals, eroding critical emotional resources necessary for maintaining interpersonal relationships and mental well-being. These results underscore the need for targeted interventions to support the mental health of medical staff in the ongoing crisis.

Background: Ethiopian migrants to the Middle East and South Africa are exposed to dangerous traveling and working conditions and their experiences are mostly tragic. They are unwelcomed not only by the situation in the destination but also by the community at home which is an important indicator of stigma and discrimination. However, there is lack of evidence on how psychological distress is associated with migration experiences, stigma and coping strategies. Therefore, it was aimed to determine the mediating effect of psychological distress in the association between migration experiences and stigma and discrimination and coping strategies., Methods: A total of 739 Ethiopian migrant returnees from the Middle East and South Africa were included in the study. A cross-sectional study was conducted in five migration hotspot areas in Ethiopia, namely Addis Ababa, Dessie, Shashemene, Hossana, and Gondar. Data related to socio-demographic, economic, migration experiences, psychological distress, coping strategies, and stigma and discrimination were collected. Psychological distress was measured using the 21- item version of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale and coping strategies were measured with the Brief-COPE. Structural equation modeling was employed to estimate the relationship among variables., Results: About 395 (57.33%) of the participants reported symptoms of depression, 428 (59.86%) anxiety symptoms, and 313 (45.21%) stress symptoms. The mediated association between physical violence and coping strategy through psychological distress was 0.29 (adjusted β = 0.29, 95%CI: 0.15, 0.44). Denial of salary had positive direct (adjusted β = 1.00, 95%CI: 0.50, 1.50) and mediated (adjusted β = 1.20, 95%CI: 0.71, 1.68) associations with stigma and discrimination through psychological distress. Restricted freedom had positive mediated (adjusted β = 0.39, 95%CI: 0.13, 0.65) and total (adjusted β = 0.94, 95%CI: 0.59, 1.29) associations with stigma and discrimination through psychological distress., Conclusion: Depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms are common among migrant returnees. Religious practice is the most commonly used coping mechanism. Psychological distress has positive mediating association with the relationships between denial of salary by employers and stigma and discrimination, physical violence and coping strategy, and restricted freedom and stigma and discrimination. Psychological interventions to deal with the psychological distress and stigma and discrimination of migrant returnees and to encourage the practice of positive coping strategies are warranted., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Aim: There is limited knowledge on the prevalence, risk factors, and coping strategies of food insecurity among women refugees. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, severity, and risk factors of food insecurity among Syrian women refugees living in Türkiye (Turkey) and to evaluate the various coping strategies they use to manage food insecurity., Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 251 Syrian women refugees aged 18-64 years living in Türkiye. Data were collected by native Arabic-speaking researchers through online and face-to-face surveys. Sociodemographic data, anthropometric measurements, food insecurity status, and coping strategies were analyzed. 'Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES)' was used to determine the food insecurity status., Results: It was found that 28% of the women who participated in the study had food security, 35% had mild, 24% had moderate, and 13% had severe food insecurity. In the group with food insecurity, age, number of children in the family, and average body mass index (BMI) were higher, while education and income level were lower (p < 0,05). For each 1-unit increase in BMI, there was a 0.122 increase in the total FIES score. A 1-unit increase in the number of children was associated with a 0.333 increase in the total FIES score. The most preferred strategies to cope with food insecurity were found to be purchasing less preferred and cheaper foods, and reducing portion sizes., Conclusion: It was found that food insecurity is common among Syrian women refugees living in Türkiye. Women who are older, have more children, lower income, lower education, and higher BMI are more likely to experience food insecurity. Studies with larger samples and longer follow-up periods are needed to investigate the causes and effects of food insecurity among women refugees., Competing Interests: Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate The study procedures were carried out following the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and the Helsinki Declaration. Ethics committee approval was obtained from the Social and Human Sciences Ethics Committee of Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University (Number: 01–65).Not applicable. Consent for publication Not applicable. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Introduction: The prevailing view is that loneliness predominantly affects older adults. However, awareness of high rates of loneliness among younger populations is growing, prompting a call for interventions. The current study aimed to listen to the voices of young people regarding how they cope with loneliness, gaining a better understanding of how to then develop tailored interventions., Methods: Thirteen Arts-based focus groups were conducted with 74 participants (8-18 years old), in London, Manchester, and South Yorkshire. Reflexive thematic analysis was utilised., Results: We developed six themes as follows: (1) "Determinants of the coping approach for loneliness", (2) "Considerations to guide decision making", (3) "Coping strategies to alleviate loneliness", (4) "Social connection as a coping strategy for loneliness - considerations", (5) "Being active in your own coping success", and (6) "Worsening loneliness, coping strategies gone wrong"., Conclusions: Participants described a partially sequential process in choosing coping strategies for loneliness, including effective and maladaptive choices. Effective strategies were highlighted, reflecting developmental stages with the need for self-motivation. Participants noted challenges in engaging in coping due to skill deficits. These findings are crucial for developing interventions specific to this population., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Burke, Verity, Riddleston, Fuhrmann, Qualter, Lau and Demkowicz.)

Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults could be frequently underdiagnosed due to concomitant psychiatric disorders, including depressive symptomatology, which could determine inappropriate treatments. Our study aims at clinically characterizing adult ADHD with or without depressive symptomatology in order to identify the relationship with specific affective temperamental profiles and coping strategies., Methods: A total of 225 outpatients consecutively afferent to our outpatient adult ADHD service since September 2019 were retrospectively screened for eligibility and administered Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory (COPE-NV) and Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego (TEMPS-M)., Results: 64.7 % of patients displayed a significant comorbid depressive symptomatology. According to the multivariate linear regression model, depressive levels were positively predicted by TEMPS-M cyclothymic subscale (B = 0.567, p = 0.004) and negatively predicted by COPE-NVI "positive attitude" subscale (B = -0.438, p = 0.024) (R = 0.496, R 2  = 0.246, F(2,66) = 10.747, p < 0.001)., Limitation: While considering the results, it should be taken in consideration that: the assessment was carried out only at baseline, our sample is constituted only by adult ADHD patients and mostly without a previous ADHD diagnosis, the presence of a discrepancy between the rates of ADHD subtypes, the absence of a healthy control group and emotional dysregulation was not directly assessed., Conclusion: Affective temperamental profiles and coping strategies could help in clinically characterizing and personalizing treatment in adult comorbid ADHD-depressive symptomatology patients. Further research is warranted to explore the efficacy of targeted psychotherapeutic and pharmacological interventions within this ADHD sub-sample., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: The objectives of this review were to identify the causes, types, and effects of clinical interactions that medical radiation students (MRS) consider as challenging and assess available support and coping strategies during these challenging interactions. The overarching aim is to understand the current situation of challenging clinical interactions (CCIs) for MRS during clinical placement (CP)., Key Findings: A comprehensive literature search on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Ovid Medline, CINAHL, ERIC, OpenDissertation, and ProQuest Digital databases for studies published from 2005 to 2024 found 133 studies, with 11 meeting the inclusion criteria. Most of the studies (n = 8) recruited medical imaging students with no study found for nuclear medicine undergraduates. The main cause of CCIs identified thematically was inadequate support and preparation, while three themes were identified for the types of CCIs: students' self-perceived challenges, clinical scenarios and situations, and unacceptable behaviours. Similarly, three themes were identified regarding the effects of CCIs: attitudinal changes, long-lasting effects, and professional identity development. The identified coping and support strategies were support from supervisors, educators, and students., Conclusion: Compared to nursing and medicine, the issue of CCIs has received little research interest in medical radiation education. This could result in increased attrition, while its potential to impede students' professional capability development cannot be underestimated. These CCIs and their effects need to be studied thoroughly with all stakeholders., Implication for Practice: To enable MRS to achieve their clinical learning objectives, a major goal in the future will be to assess the effectiveness of the support and coping strategies available to all MRS during CCIs and to ensure the development of effective support strategies., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Background: Amputation is a life-changing experience involving the surgical removal of a body part. However, little is known about the experiences of persons who have undergone limb amputation in the Saki West Local Government Area (LGA), which prompted this study., Methods: An exploratory qualitative study design was used. Thirty participants were interviewed using face-to-face focus group discussions. Five sessions were conducted, with six participants in each session. Data were analysed using the thematic analysis framework of Braun and Clarke., Results: A total of 76.3% of the participants were males and 73.3% were married. Their ages ranged from 22 and 69 y, with a mean age of 48.0 y and a monthly income of 20 000 naira (US$12). Three major themes emerged from the study: the needs and challenges of those who have undergone amputation, coping strategies of those who have undergone amputation and recommendations by persons who have undergone amputation. The study revealed that people who have undergone amputation experienced psychological pain, such as a loss of self-worth and stigmatization from friends and loved ones. Coping strategies identified were accepting the situation and emotional support from family. Participants recommended providing financial support, empowerment programs, employment opportunities and fostering a community of amputees in the Saki West LGA., Conclusions: Amputees undergo psychological and psychosocial problems that can affect their health and recovery. They need emotional and financial support, rehabilitation services and provision of prostheses from family, society and the government. These services should be adequately provided in the Saki West LGA, the largest among the 10 suburban local governments in Oyo State, with numerous commercial activities and a high risk for road traffic accidents., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.)

Background: Policing is a stressful occupation. Police officers are exposed to stressors that are inherent in the organization and operations of law enforcement. Similar to their counterparts around the world, many Nigeria police officers are exposed to high levels of stress, making them vulnerable to stress-related mental health conditions and other noncommunicable diseases. Despite these risks and their consequences to the health and safety of police officers and the larger society, interventions are currently not available to address this challenge in Nigeria. This pilot study aims to assess the burden of stress from a national sample of police officers and test the feasibility of an intervention for stress prevention, management, and coping mechanisms among police officers in Nigeria., Methods: This is a three-phase study: (1) a needs assessment and situational analysis using a convergent parallel, mixed-methods approach to determine the prevalence of stress and mental health burden among 1200 police officers in four randomly selected states in four geopolitical zones of the country, (2) the development of a peer-led intervention for stress prevention, management, and coping mechanism which will be tested using a cluster randomized trial among 200 police officers, and (3) the preliminary evaluation of the intervention based on knowledge about stress management and mental disorders and psychological distress and reduction in stress levels. These measures will be obtained at baseline (T0), immediate (T1), and 6-month post-intervention (T2). Feasibility will be determined based on enrollment rate, attendance, and completion of the group sessions. Multivariable linear regression models taking into account clustering effects will be used to estimate between-group differences in outcome measures., Discussion: Findings from the study will inform policy review and the development of a pragmatic intervention on stress prevention and management among police officers. This will enhance the policing role of officers, thus contributing to the safety of the communities they serve., Trial Registration: PACTR Registry: PACTR202310474721238. Registered on 6 October, 2023. https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=25663 . Protocol version number 1.0 (date: 6 October, 2023)., Competing Interests: Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate The research ethics application for the study was reviewed and approved by the Health Research Ethics Committee of the Federal Capital Territory Administrations board in Abuja, Nigeria. The reference number is NHREC/01 January 2007-25 April 2023. All participants will provide written informed to participate in the study. Consent for publication Not applicable. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Rural communities in low- and middle-income countries, such as The Gambia, often experience water insecurity periodically due to climate drivers such as heavy rainfall and reduced rainfall, as well as non-climate drivers such as infrastructural issues and seasonal workloads. When facing these challenges households use a variety of coping mechanisms that could pose a risk to health. We aimed to understand the drivers of water insecurity (climate and non-climate), the behavioural responses to water insecurity and the risks these responses pose to the health of communities in rural Gambia and map these findings onto a conceptual framework., Methods: We interviewed 46 participants using multiple qualitative methods. This included in-depth interviews and transect walks. A subset of 27 participants took part in three participatory pile-sorting activities. In these activities participants were asked to rank water-related activities, intrahousehold prioritisation of water, and the coping strategies utilised when facing water insecurity., Results: Multiple strategies were identified that people used to cope with water shortages, including: reductions in hygiene, changes to food consumption, and storing water for long periods. Many of these could inadvertently introduce risks for health. For example, limiting handwashing increases the risk of water-washed diseases. Deprioritising cooking foods such as millet, which is a nutrient-dense staple food, due to the high water requirements during preparation, could impact nutritional status. Additionally, storing water for long periods could erode water quality. Social factors appeared to play an important role in the prioritisation of domestic water-use when faced with water shortages. For example, face-washing was often maintained for social reasons. Health and religion were also key influencing factors. People often tried to protect children from the effects of water insecurity, particularly school-aged children, but given the communal nature of many activities this was not always possible. Many people associated water insecurity with poor health., Conclusions: To reduce the risks to health, interventions need to address the drivers of water insecurity to reduce the need for these risky coping behaviours. In the short term, the promotion of behavioural adaptations that can help buffer health risks, such as water treatment, may be beneficial., Competing Interests: Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate The Scientific Coordinating Committee of the MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) reviewed and approved this study. The Gambian Ethics Committee and the LSHTM Observational/Interventions Ethics Committee (Ref: 26658) provided ethical approval. This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Belmont Report and the Declaration of Helsinki.All participants gave informed consent, and the communities were sensitised on the aims and objectives of the study prior to beginning the interviews. Before the start of every interview a consent form was read aloud in the preferred language to the participant by the fieldworker, who also answered any questions the participant had. Each participant provided written consent. Participants who were not literate provided thumbprints and an impartial witness was present throughout the consenting process who also provided their signature or thumbprint. All identifiers were removed during the transcription process and unique identifiers were used to store all files. Consent for publication Not applicable. All information presented in this manuscript has been anonymised and consent was obtained from all participants to share de-identified information from the interviews in publications (as described in the Ethics approval and consent to participate section). Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Introduction: Pregnant women face the challenge of managing early labor on their own until they feel the need to seek professional support. However, professional support during such a vulnerable stage of labor may sometimes be insufficient. This study aims to understand pregnant women's care needs during early labor in order to improve the quality of care provided at the onset of labor., Methods: A scoping review was conducted following a systematic search strategy in May 2021 and in August 2022 concentrating on pregnant women in early labor with spontaneous onset of labor. A sensitive search strategy was used with five different databases. The articles were screened by two independent researchers. Data were extracted and mapped to answer the research question., Results: 52 articles were included. Major reasons for seeking professional help are to receive reassurance and get advice and information on how to cope with early labor. Furthermore, many women express the need for professional guidance. Several articles demonstrated women's preferences for hospital admission or a continuous care model. While some women want empowerment and empathy from a midwife, others require clear instructions on helpful measures or even clinical interventions within the process., Conclusions: Managing early labor without professional support creates a major challenge for pregnant women and nurtures insecurities and anxiety. Protecting women from unnecessary interventions is a well-intentioned plan, yet a lack of support in early labor may sometimes jeopardize a positive birth experience. New ways need to be elaborated to support women-centred and individualized approaches to providing early labor care., (© 2024 The Author(s). Birth published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Domestic violence (DV) is a 'pandemic' with an estimated 30% of women experiencing violence by their intimate partner. This study aimed to determine and compare the prevalence, forms, risk factors, coping strategies, and consequences of DV among WCBA in rural and urban areas in Akwa Ibom State (AKS). The study, conducted in 2022, was a comparative cross-sectional study that used a mixed method of data collection. Four communities were chosen via multistage sampling, three in rural and one in urban areas. A total of 1,054 respondents participated in the survey. An interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire and FGD guide were used for data collection. The response rate was 99%. Both descriptive and inferential data analysis were used to answer the research questions. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. The results showed that DV was prevalent in urban and rural areas in the 12 months that preceded the study (36.4 and 36. 2%). Physical, verbal and sexual abuse were more prevalent in urban areas than rural areas (41.6% vs 38.7%,65.7% vs 63.4% and 39.5% vs 25.6% respectively) p = 0.001. Moreover, the odds of emotional abuse also increased eightfold in urban than in rural areas while FGD showed physical violence as prevalent and the most harmful effect of DV was noted in rural areas than urban. It was concluded that the prevalence of DV among WCBA in both rural and urban areas in AKS was high with verbal violence being the highest. Various forms and risk factors of DV were more prevalent in urban than rural areas., Competing Interests: The Authors declare that no competing interest exists, (Copyright © 2024 by West African Journal of Medicine.)

This qualitative research amplifies the voices of Jewish and Arab women in Israel, illuminating their experiences with obstetric violence, its consequences, and coping strategies. The premise of this study is the feminist approach that aims to eradicate phenomena related to gender and patriarchal structures affecting women, their bodies, and their health. The research was based on the qualitative-constructivist methodology, by means of thematic analysis of 20 in-depth semistructured interviews. Two main themes emerged: first, consequences (e.g., physical, emotional, spousal relationships, and mistrust) and second, women's coping strategies (e.g., repression, avoidance, garnering inner strengths, resilience, and relying on external help)., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Background: The rising incidence of cancer has led to an increased number of adult children impacted by parental cancer. Previous research primarily focused on younger individuals, leaving a gap in understanding the experiences of adult children aged 20-35., Objectives: To examine a model that integrates the interrelationships among the disease's characteristics (i.e., disease stage), illness representations, coping strategies, and posttraumatic growth (PTG) in young adults with parents diagnosed with cancer. In addition, we examined indirect relationships involving illness representations as independent variables, coping strategies as mediators, and PTG as the outcome variable., Purpose: The rising incidence of cancer has led to an increased number of adult children impacted by parental cancer. Previous research primarily focused on younger individuals, leaving a gap in understanding the experiences of adult children aged 20-35. This study examines a model that integrates the interrelationships among the disease's characteristics (i.e., disease stage), illness representations, coping strategies, and posttraumatic growth (PTG) in young adults with parents diagnosed with cancer. In addition, we examined indirect relationships involving illness representations as independent variables, coping strategies as mediators, and PTG as the outcome variable., Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 109 adult children (ages 20-35) of cancer patients. Data were collected using the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, and the COPE questionnaire. Path analysis was performed to test the study's hypotheses., Results: The findings revealed that illness representations and coping strategies accounted for significant variance in PTG. Higher perceived severity of the parent's illness was associated with greater use of problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies, which were linked to higher PTG. Lower perceived control over the illness was associated with less use of problem-focused coping and subsequently lower PTG., Conclusions: This study underscores the importance of subjective perceptions and coping strategies in fostering PTG among young adults with parents diagnosed with cancer. The findings highlight the need for tailored psychosocial interventions to enhance adaptive illness representations and effective coping strategies, promoting resilience and growth in this unique demographic.

Background: Children with learning disability (LD) often experience a poor quality of life (QOL) compared to their peers without a known history of LD. Coping strategies are known to play a role in influencing their QOL., Objectives: This study aims to compare the QOL and coping strategies between children with and without LD. Additionally, it seeks to evaluate how coping strategies impact the QOL of children with LD in the Eastern Governorate of Saudi Arabia., Method: A representative sample of 6 to 18-year-old children with (n = 97) and without (n = 89) LD were recruited from different schools. The Short Form-12 (SF-12) health survey was used to assess both physical and mental health components, while the validated Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory (Brief-COPE) measured coping strategies. Data analysis included descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, percentage), independent t-tests, Spearman's correlation, and binary logistic regression., Results: The results reveal that participants with LD show poor QOL in terms of role functioning, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role emotion, and mental health in comparison to non-disabled children. Participants with LD show greater reliance on substance abuse and religious coping than non-disabled children. The results clearly indicate a fairly to moderately strong correlation between the physical component summary and all approaches to coping strategies except religious coping. Of all the approaches to coping methods, we observe a weak correlation among denial ( r = -0.17, p < 0.05), substance abuse ( r = -0.15, p < 0.05), and behavioral disengagement ( r = -0.18, p < 0.05) with the mental component summary aspect of QOL. The results of logistic regression analysis indicate that grade (OR = 3.79; p = 0.01) is significantly related to LD. The physical component summary score is significantly associated with denial ( β = -0.33, CI = -6.87--2.19, p < 0.01), and substance abuse (β = -0.14, CI = -4.96-0.40, p < 0.05), while the mental component summary is significantly associated with active coping (β = -0.30, CI = -4.50-0.76, p < 0.01), behavioral disengagement ( β = -0.20, CI = -4.48-0.30, p < 0.05), and humor coping strategy ( β = 0.22, CI = 0.06-4.55, p < 0.05)., Conclusion: These findings are relevant to researchers, psychologists, special educators, teachers, and clinicians, given the need to understand the coping variables to improve the QOL of these learning-disabled children.

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) impacts not only diagnosed individuals, but also significantly affects the quality of life of both primary and secondary caregivers. These effects are particularly pronounced when compared to caregivers of individuals with other neurodevelopmental disorders. The emotional and physical demands of caring for someone with ASD can profoundly alter family dynamics and interpersonal relationships, creating challenges that require a comprehensive approach to be understood and addressed., Methods: The methodological design is a narrative review study, based on a search conducted during May, June, July, and August 2024 in the Scopus, Dialnet, and WoS databases concerning the object of study. As a result, a total of 197 articles were qualitatively analyzed. Of these, 36 articles were selected for a more detailed qualitative analysis, leading to a final sample of 14 documents. The selected studies were examined through qualitative content analysis. The inclusion criteria for this selection were as follows: empirical studies or research published in English or Spanish; open access via the Internet; categories limited to "education/educational research" relevant to the proposed objectives; and specific documents related to students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)., Results: The care of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has a significant and multifaceted impact on family life, deeply affecting the mental health of caregivers. These effects manifest in the form of chronic stress, anxiety, and interpersonal difficulties, altering family dynamics. The quality of life of caregivers varies depending on the coping strategies they employ, which are crucial for their emotional well-being., Conclusions: Understanding and optimizing these strategies is essential to mitigate the negative effects of caregiving and improving the overall well-being of families living with ASD.

Introduction: Despite an improved understanding of its pathogenesis, dry eye disease (DED) remains relatively underestimated and its treatment challenging. A better alignment between the clinical evaluation and the patient self-assessment also requires capturing the whole patient experience of DED. This project aimed to unveil this experience through narrative medicine (NM)., Methods: The project involved 38 expert centres in Italy and one in San Marino, targeting adult patients with DED, their informal caregivers and their treating ophthalmologists. Written narratives and sociodemographic and quality of life (QoL)-related data were anonymously collected through the project's webpage. Narratives were analysed through MAXQDA (VERBI Software, Berlin, Germany), NM classifications and content analysis., Results: A total of 171 patients with DED, 37 informal caregivers and 81 ophthalmologists participated in the research. DED was defined as a disabling condition by 19% of patients and 35% of caregivers; 70% of patients reported that a therapeutic alliance is an integral part of DED treatment and 32% hope for more effective therapies. Forty-four per cent of patients assessed their own QoL as good; however, DED emerged as importantly impacting work performance and social events. DED physical, emotional and economic burden and the cruciality of a trusting care relationship represent the main themes that emerged across all narratives, while empathy and effective treatment are among the factors favouring coping with DED., Conclusion: This project marked a pioneering initiative investigating the lived experience of patients with DED through NM, simultaneously involving all viewpoints involved in the care pathway. NM enabled the unveiling of factors favouring the ability to cope with DED and its associated QoL implications and provided valuable insights to improve the therapeutic alliance., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Individuals elevated in distress intolerance (DI) may engage in dysfunctional behavioral strategies to cope with their distress. One behavioral strategy that may be related to DI is appearance related safety behavior (ARSB; i.e., maladaptive behavior that seeks to mitigate the feared consequences of the negative evaluation of appearance). We examined the relationship between DI and ARSBs in two separate samples of women. In Study 1 (N = 91), we found in an unselected sample that ARSBs were robustly associated with DI cross-sectionally while accounting for symptoms of depression and body dysmorphia. Further, greater ARSBs predicted increases in DI longitudinally. In Study 2, among a clinical sample of women with elevated appearance concerns (N = 94), we examined the experimental effect of reducing ARSBs compared to a self-monitoring control. Relative to control, instructions to reduce ARSBs led to lower DI, but this effect was only found for individuals low in baseline DI. Overall, we found preliminary evidence that ARSBs may be a salient factor in contributing to and maintaining DI; and SB fading may be a helpful strategy for reducing DI. We discuss these findings in the context of existing literature and provide directions for future research., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Aim: To evaluate midwives' level of stress and burnout during the COVID-19 Omicron phase in Italy. Secondary aims were to explore the impact of the pandemic on midwives' personal dimensions and professional activities and potential supporting strategies., Design: A mixed-methods study was undertaken from July to December 2022., Methods: Data were collected using a national online observational survey. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed to evaluate stress, burnout and the impact of the pandemic on personal and professional dimensions. A deductive qualitative approach was used to analyse open-ended responses, that were merged with quantitative data following a convergent mixed-methods approach., Results: A total of 1944 midwives participated in the survey. The stress summary score mean was 10.34, and 562 midwives (28.91%) experienced burnout. The intention to reduce working hours was reported by 202 midwives (10.39%), with 60.40% (n = 122) of them experiencing burnout. The intention to leave clinical practice within the following 2 years was reported by 239 (12.29%), with 68.20% (n = 163) of them experiencing burnout. All the personal dimensions and professional activities considered were defined by more than half of midwives as being impacted 'Moderately' or 'To a great extent' by pandemic. Stress and burnout frequencies increased when the midwives' perception of the pandemic effects was higher. Potential supporting strategies described by midwives as the most important in increasing their ability to cope with the pandemic were 'Women's awareness of the midwives' role' (n = 1072; 55.14%) and 'Family and friends' emotional support' (n = 746; 38.38%)., Conclusion: Our findings suggested strategies to support a positive and safe working environment for midwives during a pandemic emergency, with potential transferability to similar contexts when human resources are lacking. It is recommended that maternity services provide the necessary resources for a safe and supportive working environment to prevent high stress levels and chronic burnout., Impact: Studies conducted during the first COVID-19 pandemic wave showed an increased level of stress, anxiety, burnout, post-traumatic stress disorder and depression experienced by healthcare professionals; moreover, midwives experienced drastic changes in care pathways and policies with struggles identified when providing high-quality woman-centred care following pandemic restrictions. Although it is recommended, there is lack of knowledge about long-term psychological effects of COVID-19 for midwives. Our study highlights that during the Omicron wave midwives experienced a high level of stress and burnout with an impact on individual dimensions and professional activities. Their stress and burnout were influenced by several factors, including restrictions in place, lack of organizational acknowledgement, work overload and need for extra childcare cover. Maternity services should provide the necessary resources for a safe and supportive working environment to prevent high stress levels and chronic burnout. Recommendations on how to facilitate this are suggested., Reporting Method: During the writing process, we referred to 'The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies Epidemiology Statement', the guidelines for reporting observational studies from the Equator network., Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution. WHAT DOES THIS PAPER CONTRIBUTE TO THE WIDER GLOBAL CLINICAL COMMUNITY?: Work overload conditions negatively impacted on the quality of maternity services. Improving organizational aspects, reducing working hours, promoting family and friends' emotional support and improving women's awareness of midwife's role were the main strategies reported by midwives. These suggestions for ensuring a positive and safe working environment for midwives during a pandemic emergency could potentially be applied to similar situations where human resources are lacking., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Objective: Less is known concerning the evolution of coping strategies before and after deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients., Methods: In a randomized controlled trial, coping was measured with the neurological version of the CHIP (Coping with Health Injuries and Problem) and the BriefCOPE in PD patients before ( T1: DBS - 2 months) and after (T2: + 3 months, T3: + 6 months) DBS. Patients (N = 50, age 59 ± 5.7 years, disease duration 9.54 ± 3.7 years) were randomised in 3 groups: CRTG (preoperative psychological preparation with cognitive restructuring), PIG (preoperative non structured interviews), and CG (no psychological preparation)., Results: Coping strategies are modulated by the time of evaluation. Some strategies are significantly more used preoperatively than postoperatively, as strategies about the research for information (CHIP: F = 16.14; P = .000; η 2 = .095; BriefCOPE F = 5.71; P = .005; η 2 = .066), emotional regulation (F = 3.29; P = .042; η 2 = .029), and well-being searching (F = 4.59; P = .013; η 2 = .043). Some other strategies appear more used post than preoperatively, as palliative coping (F = 5.57; P = .005; η 2 = .064), humour (F = 3.35; P = .041; η 2 = .0.35), and use of substance (F = 4.43; P = .015; η 2 = .070). No other specific time, group or time per group interaction effect was found., Conclusion: Coping strategies are crucial for PD patients to adapt to the evolution of their parkinsonian state. Their consideration should be more systematic in the neurosurgical process, particularly when neurological symptoms would remain after DBS. More insights are needed concerning the evolution of coping strategies through DBS and the impact of a preoperative psychotherapy over them in preoperative PD patients., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Objective. This study aimed to explore the mental health status, coping strategies, and social support of international students in Canada. Participants. Undergraduate and graduate international students studying at one Canadian university participated in an online survey. Methods. The survey consisting of four assessments-the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, the Carver Brief-Cope Inventory, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support-was distributed during the winter and spring terms of 2020. Results. Of the 338 participants from 53 countries, 76% demonstrated optimal mental health without mental disorders; 86% used approach coping strategies. Those who are women, married, and Ph.D. students showed better mental health and lower psychological distress. Coping skills and social support significantly predict participants' psychological distress and subjective well-being. Conclusions. This study findings address the gaps in meeting the mental health needs of international students and raise awareness of this population's unique mental health status.

This qualitative study examines the experiences of young bereaved siblings of Israeli security personnel. Through 26 semi-structured interviews with 12- to 21-year-olds who lost a sibling before age 21, the research reveals complex cognitive and emotional challenges within Israel's unique context. Participants struggle with understanding death's finality, managing intense emotions, and navigating altered family dynamics. Coping strategies vary, from maintaining routines to avoiding grief-related interactions. The study highlights a significant contrast between young bereaved siblings' perspectives and those of adults, with siblings describing an ongoing struggle while maintaining hope for the future. They actively manage their identities, often rejecting societal labels and preferring informal support over formal interventions. These findings underscore the importance of recognizing young bereaved siblings' distinct voices and can inform more effective support strategies within a national service context., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Objective: To explore the potential profiles of the sense of coherence (SOC) among cancer radiotherapy patients using latent profile analysis (LPA) and to characterize each category. Additionally, we investigated the correlation between different profiles of the SOC and the coping strategies., Methods: Convenience sampling method was used to select 241 cancer radiotherapy patients hospitalized in a specialized hospital in Shanghai from March 2023 to October 2023 as research subjects. The study utilized a general information questionnaire, the Sense of Coherence Scale-13 (SOC-13), and the Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ) for the survey., Results: LPA identified three potential profiles based on varying levels of SOC: "Low level-High meaningfulness" group (n = 38, 15.8%), "Moderate level-High manageability" group (n = 104, 43.2%), and "High level-Balanced" group (n = 99, 41%). Age (OR = 6.544, P = 0.015), residence (OR = 0.217, P = 0.004), initial recurrence (OR = 2.869, P = 0.028), and side effects (OR = 2.862, P = 0.015) were significant predictors. A lower level of the SOC was significantly associated with higher scores in acceptance-resignation (P < 0.001)., Conclusion: The SOC among cancer radiotherapy patients can be divided into three potential profiles. Younger patients with side effect have lower levels of the SOC. Adopting a acceptance-resignation coping strategies is related to a lower SOC, suggesting that enhancing the level of the SOC plays a positive role in helping patients cope with stressful events., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Emotion regulation capacity, critical for adult functioning and mental health, develops strongly during adolescence in healthy individuals. Deficits in emotion regulation is often referred to as emotion dysregulation [ED] and is associated with various mental health problems, including repeated deliberate self-harm [DSH] which peaks in adolescence. Dialectical Behaviour Therapy for adolescents [DBT-A] systematically targets ED through strategies such as changing coping behaviours and has previously been shown to effectively induce DSH remission in adolescents. However, whether such remission is associated with improved emotion regulation capacity in adulthood, and whether this effect is mediated by changes in use of coping strategies has not been previously studied. Prospective long-term follow-up study of an RCT comparing DBT-A with enhanced usual care [EUC] for adolescents presenting to community child and adolescent psychiatric outpatient clinics with borderline personality features and repeated self-harm. Assessments included both structured interviews and self-report at baseline and 1.6, 3.1 and 12.4 years follow-up. In the final follow-up, adult ED was measured and data were collected for 61 (80%) of the original 77 participants. DSH remission was assessed at 1.6 years follow-up, and use of coping strategies at 3.1 and 12.4 years follow-ups. A mediation analysis was conducted within a causal inference framework. Both treatment groups increased their use of functional coping skills from adolescence to adulthood, while only DBT-A was associated with decreases in dysfunctional coping. There was a direct effect of DSH remission 1 year after treatment on adult ED, particularly for participants who did not receive DBT-A. There was a negative association between reductions in dysfunctional coping and adult ED, however this did not mediate the effect of DSH remission. This is the first study to report that early DSH remission in adolescence predicted lower ED in adulthood. These results highlight the importance of early DSH remission and provides new insight into the long-term relationship between DSH and ED. Clinical trial registration information: "Treatment for Adolescents with Deliberate Self-harm"; http://ClinicalTrials.gov/;NCT00675129., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Test anxiety is a widespread problem among university students, with negative consequences for their social, physical, and academic well-being. Therefore, students may engage in activities that might alleviate anxiety symptoms, including taking medication. The study aimed to identify factors affecting test anxiety among medical and non-medical students during examination period and their coping approaches. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a survey to collect data. The westside test anxiety scale was used to measure the students' anxiety levels. Univariate and post hoc analyses were used. The number of participants was 925 from 14 colleges, and 82.9% of them were female. The results indicated that the test anxiety was moderately high. Young students, females, junior students, and students with low cumulative grade point averages (cGPAs) has statistically significant high test levels with p-values 0.042, 0.01, < 0.001, and < 0.001, respectively. Most students used multi methods to cope with anxiety. The most common non-pharmacological coping approaches are praying (59.5%), drink caffeine and/or energy beverages (49.6%). Only a few students (6.6%) used medications to cope with test anxiety, with only 2.2% using propranolol. The study concluded the test anxiety was a common among university students and an action should be taken to reduce the anxiety level. The priority of support programs should target females, young students, and those with low cGPA. In addition, there is a need to raise awareness among students to reduce caffeine and energy drinks consumption, maintain enough and quality sleep during this period and avoid using medication without expert advice., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Introduction The present study aimed to examine the role of experience of psycho-trauma and perceived social support in the coping strategies of young adults. Moreover, it aimed to determine the role of demographic variables such as gender, age, education of respondents, paternal and maternal education, occupation, income, and nature of trauma experienced across the study variables. Methods The study utilized a quantitative cross-sectional survey design to examine the role of psycho-trauma, perceived social support, and coping strategies among 352 young adults aged between 18 and 28 years from Pakistan and Afghanistan (Islamabad and Jalalabad, respectively). Participants were selected through convenience sampling from various public and private universities. Data were collected using standardized instruments, including the Brief Trauma Questionnaire (BTQ), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE) Inventory. Results Results showed significant findings regarding the relationships between psycho-trauma, perceived social support, and coping strategies among a sample of 352 young adults. Inferential statistics revealed substantial negative correlations between psycho-trauma and both perceived social support (r = -0.18, p < 0.01) and problem-focused coping (r = -0.21, p < 0.01). Regression analysis indicated that psycho-trauma explained 19% of the variance in coping strategies, while perceived social support accounted for 29%. Gender differences were observed, with men scoring higher on problem-focused coping (t = 4.66, p < 0.02) and women scoring higher on emotion-focused coping (t = 3.12, p < 0.00). Conclusion The study also highlighted significant differences based on trauma experiences, education levels, and parental education and occupation, underscoring the complex interplay between these factors and their impact on young adults coping mechanisms. Study implications, limitations, and suggestions for future research have also been discussed., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent for treatment and open access publication was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Institutional Review Board (IRB) Brain Tech Clinic and Research Center issued approval (IRB-BTC-10098). Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Hameed et al.)

Objectives: This study explored the experiences and challenges of older adults with functional disabilities in Israel during the ongoing Israel-Hamas war, particularly those receiving care from migrant live-in carers. The main objectives were to identify their main concerns and coping strategies during this period., Method: A qualitative methodology was employed, involving face-to-face interviews with 13 older adults (mean age 91.33, SD = 5.31). All participants liveded in separate housesholds with the assistance of migrant live-in carers. They were recruited through purposive and snowball sampling techniques. The interviews were analyzed using thematic content analysis., Results: Two main themes emerged from data analysis: 1) Concerns for others affected by the war and concerns for oneself, and 2) Coping strategies, including utilizing personal resources such as optimism and distraction, seeking connections with family members and carers, and contributing to the community., Conclusion: The study highlights the interplay between the vulnerabilities and strengths of older adults during wartime. Their ability to mobilize both internal and external coping strategies reflects an active approach to managing the stress and uncertainties of war, underscoring their resilience and agency and challenging the perception of older adults as passive recipients of care.

Objectives: Coping styles can be improved by dyadic palliative care interventions and may alleviate patients' and family caregivers' distress. Moreover, family caregivers' preloss resilience protects against depression after bereavement. This study aimed to determine the types of coping styles can be encouraged to increase resilience., Methods: A self-reported questionnaire survey was administered to family caregivers at the 4 palliative care units, and their resilience was assessed using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and their coping styles were assessed using the Brief Coping Orientation to Problem Experienced, as well as their background characteristics., Results: Among 291 caregivers with a mean CD-RISC score of 56.2 (standard deviation: 16.13), internal locus of control, educational level, and history of psychotropic drug use were associated with resilience. After adjusting for the aforementioned factors, more frequent use of positive coping styles such as active coping (Spearman's ρ = 0.29), acceptance (ρ = 0.29), positive reframing (ρ = 0.29), planning (ρ = 0.24), and humor (ρ = 0.18), was found to be associated with higher resilience. On the contrary, more frequent use of negative coping styles such as behavioral disengagement (ρ = -0.38), self-blame (ρ = -0.27), and denial (ρ = -0.14) was found to be associated with less resilience., Significance of Results: By assessing internal locus of control, educational level, and history of psychotropic medication use of family caregivers, as factors associated with their respective resilience, may help identify less resilient family caregivers who are at risk for developing major depression after bereavement. In addition, coping skill-based educational interventions targeting patients and their family caregivers that focus on specific coping styles associated with resilience may increase family caregivers' resilience, resulting in less emotional distress and a lower risk of major depression after bereavement.

Social-emotional skills (e.g., emotion regulation) influence a variety of academic outcomes among children. This study examined the relations of coping strategies and cognitive emotion regulation (CER) to academic achievement goals and academic performance among Chinese children ( N  = 401, age M  = 10.52 years). Full Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis showed that children's use of active coping strategies was positively associated with their endorsement of performance approach and mastery avoidance goals. Avoidant and support-seeking coping strategies were not associated with any outcome variables. Maladaptive CER was positively associated with performance approach, performance avoidance, and mastery avoidance goals and negatively associated with academic performance; adaptive CER was positively associated with mastery approach goals but not associated with other outcome variables. The current study provided some preliminary evidence to indicate that active coping strategies, maladaptive CER, and adaptive CER were associated with academic achievement goals and academic performance among Chinese children. Although maladaptive CER was not used as often as adaptive CER by Chinese children, the more they used maladaptive CER, the more likely they were to have academic achievement goals that focused on things other than learning itself, whereas the more Chinese children used adaptive CER, the more likely they were to set an achievement goal to master the knowledge. Therefore, in teaching practices or intervention planning, decreasing maladaptive CER strategies may be as important as cultivating adaptive CER strategies to facilitate academic success among Chinese children., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision., (Copyright © 2024 Chen-Bouck, Patterson and Peng.)

People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH) are living longer due to improvements in HIV care including antiretroviral therapy (ART). Even though ART improves HIV prognosis and life expectancy, its adherence is hindered by many factors. As the population of older adults living with HIV (OALH) continues to increase, it is important to understand the psychosocial factors that are associated with living with HIV to improve ART adherence. The aim of this study was to determine the association between coping strategies and ART adherence. Data were obtained from 91 OALH at an immunology clinic in Columbia, South Carolina via purposive sampling. The participants were at least 50 years or older and living with HIV. Coping was assessed using the Brief COPE Inventory. Crude and adjusted linear regression models, controlling for age, race, gender, and were used to determine the association between coping strategies and ART adherence. Subgroup analyses were done to determine if the association between coping and ART adherence varied by gender. The analyses were conducted in SAS version 9.4. The mean difference in ART adherence was statistically significant for race ( p  = 0.0292). There was a statistically significant association between religion and ART adherence (β = -0.718, p  = 0.024). Males who use venting as a coping mechanism had higher ART adherence (β = 1.227, p  = 0.048), and males who use behavioral disengagement had lower ART adherence (β = -1.624, p  = 0.003) after adjusting for age and race. OALH who use religion as a coping strategy were less likely to adhere to ART treatment. Venting and behavioral disengagement tend to be associated with ART adherence among men. Qualitative research is needed to delve deeper into the relationship between religious coping and ART adherence, especially among OALH.

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the adoption of rapid, complex, and changeable measures. These measures allowed effective care planning and implementation of emergency management strategies to meet the needs of the population., Objective: To analyze the influence of the strategies to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic, implemented by the Public Health Network of the State of Piauí, Brazil, as contributions to nursing, on the outcome of cases and deaths., Method: This is a descriptive and documentary study with a qualitative approach, carried out in the state of Piauí-Brazil, whose data were processed at IRAMUTEC and analyzed by the Descending Hierarchical Classification (DHC)., Results: Ninety-two normative acts were instituted as coping strategies, distributed in three classes: technical-operational protocols for preventing and combating COVID-19 in Piauí; Piauí strategic bases for social distancing against COVID-19; and management of services and economic activities in Piauí in the fight against COVID-19., Conclusions: The actions determined by and implemented in the normative acts were conducted according to the behavior of the epidemiological curve regarding the number of cases and deaths. The normative acts, which defined the technical-operational protocols for the prevention and control of COVID-19, were directly related to social distancing strategies and the use of protective equipment in the quality of life of the population.

Aim: This study aimed to examine the physical symptoms, coping strategies for earthquake stress and factors predicting coping strategies among adults staying in tent cities after an earthquake., Design: A cross-sectional design was conducted., Methods: The study sample consisted of 706 adults residing in tent cities in three cities of earthquake-affected regions. Data were collected through face-to-face surveys and the Earthquake Coping Strategies Scale, starting from the 16th day after the earthquake in February-March 2023. Independent samples t-test, one-way analysis of variance, McNemar test and multiple linear regression analysis used for data analysis., Results: The first three physical symptoms with the highest frequency after the earthquake were insomnia, frequent waking and difficulty falling asleep, respectively. Individuals with chronic illnesses, lower education levels, no previous experience with earthquakes and having undamaged homes more frequently used religious coping strategies. Individuals with higher incomes, employed individuals, non-smokers and those with having undamaged homes more frequently used positive reappraisal strategies., Conclusion: The present study concluded that physical symptoms were common among individuals in the post-earthquake period and that many individuals adopted religious coping strategies., Implications for the Profession And/or Patient Care: Nurses can develop effective interventions for preventing physical and mental health problems in the post-earthquake period. They can contribute significantly as caregivers, leaders, researchers and advisors in health monitoring and improvement practices for individuals after earthquakes., Impact: The results of the study are instructive for designing prevention and improvement practices to minimise future destructive effects of earthquakes. Individuals mostly experienced sleep problems and preferred different coping styles in the early post-earthquake period. The physical and mental health of individuals can be improved by early intervention and encouraging effective coping methods after an earthquake., Reporting Method: STROBE checklist., Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public involvement., (© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Advanced Nursing published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: Asylum seekers in Australia are subjected to various punitive measures that can affect their psychological wellbeing. The capacity of asylum seekers to adapt and cultivate effective coping strategies can enhance their resilience, facilitate their settlement processes and promote their overall mental health., Aim: This study aims to explore the coping strategies employed by women who are asylum-seekersthat have the potential to enhance their resilience post migration., Method: A semi-structured qualitative study was conducted with asylum-seeker women from Iran. Data were analysed using an inductive thematic analysis., Results: Seventeen participants described their experiences of applying various strategies to enhance their coping ability, resilience and maintain their mental wellbeing when facing ongoing challenges. Problem-solving strategies included social engagement, adjusting life plans and seeking support from formal and informal resources. Emotion-focussed strategies were positive thinking and maintaining hope, avoidance and spirituality. While emotion-focussed strategies enabled the women to manage their stresses temporarily, problem-solving strategies allowed them to effectively address the challenges they faced after migration., Conclusion: Providing supportive resources for asylum seekers, removing stigma and developing community ties may assist individuals in improving their coping skills, resilience and mental wellbeing., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Objectives: Up to 40% of older adults in the US, including older African immigrants, report experiencing social isolation and loneliness. Despite this prevalence, there is limited understanding of how they cope with these challenges. This study aims to contribute to a broader understanding of the coping mechanisms employed by older African immigrants in the face of loneliness and social isolation., Methods: Using a qualitative approach, this study recruited and conducted semi-structured interviews with 11 participants aged 63-79., Results: Four themes emerged from the data through a thematic analysis approach which includes a) Positive self-talk and adaptation: "I have to cope with it," b) Technology/social media: "if I cannot interact physically outside, I go through social media/watch TV," c) Intergenerational engagement beyond caregiving: "They [grandchildren] are my immediate constituency," and d) Digging deep through faith: "Interactions have been mostly within the church.", Conclusions: Older African immigrants may find strategies to cope with social isolation and loneliness, but additional support may be needed to strengthen their coping skills and enhance their social network with people outside of their families., Clinical Implications: Intervention should focus on regular assessment and strengthening of their social network outside the family unit.

Context: Individuals with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury commonly experience injury related stressors which can adversely impact subjective knee function after ACL reconstruction (ACLR). Due to the positive effect of active coping skills on perceived stressors, use of such strategies may influence clinical outcomes in individuals with ACLR, such as self-reported knee function. However, it is unknown whether active coping skills are associated with self-reported knee function in this population., Objectives: Examine the relationship between active coping skills and self-reported knee function in individuals with ACLR., Design: Cross-Sectional Study., Setting: Laboratory., Patients or Other Participants: Forty-five participants (34 females; age=20.0[3.3] years) 4-months to 5-years post-unilateral ACLR (time since ACLR=12.0[16.0] months)., Main Outcome Measure(s): The Athlete Coping Skills Inventory (ACSI) Confidence and Achievement Motivation (ACSI Confid), Goal Setting/Mental Preparation (ACSI Goal/Prep), and Coping with Adversity (ACSI Coping) subscales were used to measure active coping skill facets. The Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) was used to measure self reported knee function across 5 subscales: pain (KOOS-Pain), symptoms (KOOS-Symptoms), activities of daily living (KOOS-ADL), quality of life (KOOS-QOL), and sports/recreation (KOOS-Sport). Partial Spearman's correlations were used to examine relationships between active coping skills and self-reported knee function after controlling for time since ACLR and age., Results: Moderate positive correlations were observed between the ACSI Confid and KOOS Pain (r=0.493, P=0.001), ACSI Confid and KOOS-QOL (r=0.505, P<0.001), ACSI Confid and KOOS-Sport (r=0.422, P=0.007), and ACSI Goal/Prep and KOOS-Pain (r=0.441, P=0.004). Weak positive correlations were observed between the ACSI Goal/Prep and KOOS-ADL (r=0.373, P=0.018) and ACSI Goal/Prep and KOOS-QOL (r=0.374, P=0.017)., Conclusions: Individuals with ACLR who exhibited greater active coping skill facets reported better knee-related function. Assessing active coping skills among individuals with ACLR and poor self-reported knee function may provide clinicians with insight into the role of coping in perceived function and potential treatment approaches.