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Objective: To evaluate the effects of rosacea on ocular surface changes such as alterations in dry eye parameters, corneal densitometry, and aberrations, in comparison with healthy controls., Methods: A total of 88 eyes of 44 patients diagnosed with rosacea and 88 eyes of 44 healthy controls were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. All participants underwent a comprehensive dermatologic and ophthalmic examination and Tear Break-Up Time (TBUT) and Schirmer-1 tests were performed. The rosacea subtype and Demodex count and OSDI scores of all participants were recorded. Corneal topographic, densitometric, and aberrometric measurements were obtained using the Scheimpflug imaging system., Results: The mean age of the 44 patients was 41.2 ± 11.0 years of whom 31 (70.5%) were female. The mean TBUT and Schirmer-1 test values were significantly decreased and OSDI scores were significantly increased in the rosacea group compared to healthy controls (p < 0.01 for all). The most common subtype of rosacea was erythematotelangiectatic rosacea (70.4%). The severity grading of rosacea revealed that 18 (40.9%) patients had moderate erythema. The median (min-max) Demodex count was 14.0 (0-120) and the disease duration was 24.0 (5-360) months. The comparison of the corneal densitometry values revealed that the densitometry measurements in all concentric zones, especially in central and posterior zones were higher in rosacea patients. Corneal aberrometric values in the posterior surface were also lower in the rosacea group compared to healthy controls. The topographic anterior chamber values were significantly lower in the rosacea group., Study Limitations: Relatively small sample size, variable time interval to hospital admission, and lack of follow-up data are among the limitations of the study. Future studies with larger sample sizes may also enlighten the mechanisms of controversial anterior segment findings by evaluating rosacea patients who have uveitis and those who do not., Conclusion: Given the fact that ocular signs may precede cutaneous disease, rosacea is frequently underrecognized by ophthalmologists. Therefore, a comprehensive examination of the ocular surface and assessment of the anterior segment is essential. The main priority of the ophthalmologist is to treat meibomian gland dysfunction and Demodex infection to prevent undesired ocular outcomes., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U.)

Purpose: To evaluate mesopic and photopic contrast sensitivity in patients with congenital red-green color vision deficiency regarding with and without glare conditions and to compare these findings with age- and gender-matched healthy controls with normal color vision., Methods: Patients with congenital red-green color vision deficiency and age- and gender-matched healthy controls were included in this cross-sectional comparative study. Contrast sensitivity measurements were taken from all subjects in 4 different conditions; binocular mesopic-without glare, mesopic-with glare, photopic-without glare, photopic-with glare, and the results were compared., Results: Twenty one patients with color vision deficiency (13 deuteranopic, 8 protanopic) and 22 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were included in the study. The mean age was 35.2 ± 13.5 years in the protan group, 30.6 ± 7.7 years in the deutan group, 32.0 ± 8.8 years in the control group, and there was no significant difference in age between the groups (P > 0.05). The mean mesopic and photopic contrast sensitivity values of the groups at all spatial frequencies (1.5, 3, 6, 12, 18 cpd) were not statistically significant when evaluated by the multifactor repeated measures test of ANOVA to evaluate the effect of light conditions (with and without glare) (P > .05)., Conclusion: Mesopic and photopic contrast sensitivity values of patients with congenital red-green color vision deficiency were similar to healthy controls regarding with and without glare conditions., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)

Purpose: To evaluate dry eye parameters, corneal topographic features, corneal densitometric changes, and anterior segment parameters in patients receiving systemic isotretinoin treatment., Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study included 66 eyes of 33 patients who were started on oral isotretinoin therapy for severe acne vulgaris. All patients were evaluated in terms of ocular surface tests such as tear break-up time (TBUT) and Schirmer-1 and were asked to fill in the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire. Corneal densitometric and topographic measurements were obtained using the Scheimpflug imaging system., Results: The mean age of the patients was 19.9 ± 1.6 years, and 21 (63.6%) of the participants were female. The mean OSDI score was significantly higher in the third month than before treatment (20.05 ± 19.38, vs. 26.96 ± 22.94, p = 0.00, respectively). The mean values of the TBUT test were significantly lower in the third month than before treatment (9.06 ± 4.40 sec, vs. 10.71 ± 4.61 sec, p = 0.02, respectively). Mean scores of the Schirmer 1 test showed no statistically significant difference between before treatment and the third month (16.08 ± 8.40 mm, vs. 16.08 ± 8.50 mm, p = 1, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference between before treatment and the third month in the majority of the densitometry measurements in concentric zones. However, the difference tended to be significant between the groups concerning posterior zone 0-2 mm (11.01 ± 0.85 GSU vs. 10.62 ± 0.89 GSU, p = 0.006 ). The RMS LOAs (front), RMS Total (Total), RMS LOAs Total (Total), RMS HOAs Total (Total), K max , CCT, and CoV values were significantly higher in the third month than before treatment ( p  < 0.05 for all)., Conclusions: The dermatology specialists should be aware of the ocular complications of systemic isotretinoin therapy. Therefore, a complete ophthalmologic examination for the prompt apprehension and management of ocular involvement is essential in patients under isotretinoin therapy to increase ocular comfort and adherence to the therapy.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the thickness of the outer retinal layer (ORL) together with macular thickness and changes in the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in patients with schizophrenia in comparison with healthy controls., Methods: This study included 114 eyes of 57 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and 114 eyes of 57 healthy controls. Central foveal thickness (CFT), central macular thickness (CMT), and ORL thickness were measured in both groups via the images obtained by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). RNFL was also assessed in four quadrants (inferior, superior, temporal, nasal). CMT measurements were presented as the average thickness of the macula in the central 1 mm area on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grid. The ORL thickness was defined as the distance between the external limiting membrane and retinal pigment epithelium at the center of the foveal pit., Results: The mean age of 57 patients was 37 ± 10 years, of whom 34 (60%) were male and 23 (40%) female. No statistically significant difference was found between groups in terms of age and gender (p = 0.8 for age, p = 0.9 for gender). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean CMT between the two groups (p = 0.1). The mean ORL thickness in the two groups was 99.8 ± 8.3 and 103.7 ± 6.2, respectively, and was significantly decreased in the schizophrenia group (p = 0.005). RNFL analysis demonstrated significant thinning in the inferior and superior quadrants compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001 and p = 0.017, respectively)., Conclusions: SD-OCT findings - especially ORL and RNFL thickness - may be related to the neurodegenerational changes in schizophrenia., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: To describe retinal findings and spectral-domain optical coherence tomographic (SD-OCT) features of a patient with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) presenting as Purtscher-like retinopathy., Case Report: A 70-year-old woman presented with the emerging bilateral blurring of vision. She had been diagnosed with CCHF one week ago and hospitalized in another hospital for treatment of disease. Fundoscopy of the patient revealed cotton-wool spots, retinal whitening areas, and few retinal hemorrhages in a Purtscher-like configuration in both eyes. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography revealed inner retinal hyperreflectivity corresponding to the cotton-wool spots in both eyes, and also showed subretinal fluid in the left eye. Without any treatment retinal lesions and inner retinal hyperreflectivity on SD-OCT regressed within one month., Conclusion: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever is known to cause mild ocular disease, and may also cause Purtscher-like retinopathy. It is important to aware of the ocular findings of CCHF.

Purpose: To determine the association of monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio (MHR) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) with diabetic macular edema (DME) and early anti-VEGF treatment response., Material Methods: This was a retrospective and cross-sectional study conducted with 143 patients with diabetes mellitus (53 diabetic retinopathy with DME, 38 diabetic retinopathy without DME, and 52 without diabetic retinopathy)., Results: 13.9 was the best cutoff value to predict DME for MHR, and 2 was for NLR (59% and 75% sensitivity and 81% and 59% specificity, respectively). Logistic regression analysis showed that NLR≥2 and MHR≥13.9 were significantly associated with DME prediction. However, neither NLR≥2 nor MHR≥13.9 was associated with central retinal thickness(CRT) or best corrected visual acuity(BCVA) outcomes after anti-VEGF treatment. On the other hand, increased NLR was associated with inferior CRT outcomes., Conclusion: MHR and NLR were simple and cost-effective biomarkers to predict DME. Moreover, higher NLR may contribute to poor CRT outcomes.

Background: To evaluate corneal endothelial properties and corneal densitometry values in patients with psoriasis and to compare the results with those of healthy controls., Methods: This prospective, comparative, and cross-sectional study included 106 eyes of 53 patients who were diagnosed with psoriasis and 106 eyes of 53 age-gender matched healthy controls. All patients were evaluated in terms of ocular surface tests such as Schirmer-1 and tear break-up time (TBUT). Corneal endothelial measurements were performed using noncontact specular microscopy. Corneal tomographic and densitometric measurements were obtained using the Scheimpflug imaging system. Measurements were also evaluated according to the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score., Results: The mean TBUT and Schirmer 1 test values were significantly lower in the psoriasis group than in the healthy controls (p = 0.02, p < 0.001, respectively). While the mean endothelial cell density was significantly lower in patients with psoriasis than the healthy controls (2389.9±314.9 cells/mm 2 vs. 2512.4±289.7 cells/mm 2 , p = 0.02), the mean average endothelial cell area, standard deviation of cell area, coefficient of variation of cell area were significantly higher in patients with psoriasis (426.6±62.7 µm 2 vs. 403.2±46.1 µm 2 , p = 0.01; 206.4±52.3 µm 2 vs. 183.2±43.8 µm 2 , p = 0.006; and 48.1±6.3% vs. 45.7±6.7%, p = 0.04, respectively). Most of the densitometry measurements in concentric zones were higher in patients with psoriasis than in healthy controls, but none of the differences reached statistical significance., Conclusions: A regular eye examination is crucial in patients with psoriasis because corneal structural and functional changes, particularly endothelial alterations, are of utmost importance in planning intraocular surgeries in patients with psoriasis., (Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Purpose: To assess the quality of YouTube™ videos on keratoconus as an information resource for patients., Methods: The words "Keratoconus", "Crosslinking", and "Keratoconus treatment for patients" were used as search terms on the official YouTube™ website (http://www.youtube.com). All cookies were disabled, the search history of the web browser was deleted just prior to the search, and no additional changes were made to the standard YouTube™ search preferences. The first 180 videos were downloaded. A total of 116 videos were evaluated according to DISCERN score, Journal of the American Medical Association score, and Global Quality Score. Videos were also assessed based on the presence or absence of 10 criteria proposed by two ophthalmologists., Results: One hundred and sixteen videos were analyzed after the exclusion of 54 videos that were either duplicates, irrelevant, or in languages other than English. The mean DISCERN, Journal of the American Medical Association and Global Quality scores were 43.25±11.52, 1.30±0.90, 3.05±0.96 respectively. Fifty-six (48.3%) videos had been uploaded by physicians, 23 (19.8%) by healthcare organizations, 23 (19.8%) by patients, and 14 (12.1%) by other entities such as independent organizations and YouTube™ health channels. The most commonly satisfied criterion was information on treatment modalities (82.7%)., Conclusion: Keratoconus is a disease of youth, therefore YouTube™ videos would seem to be an easily accessible, informative and educational source, especially for younger patients. However, these videos are not useful as information resources and overall do not offer any additional benefit to patients., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Background: To evaluate the ocular symptoms and findings of children diagnosed with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF)., Methods: In this prospective study, children diagnosed with CCHF who underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination during the hospitalization period were included., Results: Twenty-four children with a mean age of 12.4 ± 3.6 years were included study. The most common ocular finding was conjunctival hyperemia and was observed in 50% of patients. Nine (37.4%) children had abnormalities in fundus examination. Two (8.3%) of them had dilated retinal veins, and 7 (29.1%) had tortuous retinal vessels. No significant difference was found between mild to moderate and severe disease groups in terms of ocular symptoms and ophthalmologic examination findings (P > 0.05, for all)., Conclusions: The increased retinal vessel tortuosity was detected as a fundus examination finding in children with CCHF. Both ophthalmologists and pediatricians should be aware of the various ocular manifestations of CCHF for rapid diagnosis and management., Competing Interests: The authors have no funding or conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: To investigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the treatment course of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) patients who received anti-VEGF injection therapy with real-life data., Methods: This retrospective study consisted of 116 eyes of 106 patients. Ophthalmic examination, assessment of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings and data of last two visits before restrictions (V-2 and V-1) and the first visit (V0) after the release of national lockdown and subsequent visits (V1 and Vlast) were recorded. The lockdown period was determined by the time interval between March 11 and June 1, 2020., Main Results: The injection interval before V-1 was significantly longer than the interval after V0 (2.56±0.9 vs. 2.14±0.8 months, P=0.02). While the median central macular thickness (CMT) was significantly increased at V0 compared to V-1 [274(132-711) vs. 238(136-628), P<0.001], the median CMT was significantly lower at V1 compared to V0 [256 (136-591) vs. 274(132-711), P=0.003]. The median BCVA was 0.67(0.1-1.1) logMAR at V-1 and significantly worsened to 0.78 (0.1-1.2) logMAR at V0 (P=0.003). Although the median BCVA improved to 0.69 logMAR (0.1-1.2) at Vlast, the difference did not reach statistical significance compared to V0 (P=0.08)., Conclusion: Treatment delay due to the COVID-19 pandemic cause progression of nAMD and visual impairment. To plan more frequent anti-VEGF treatments and visits may be an appropriate approach until the disease stabilizes. However, it should be kept in mind that despite the improvement in OCT findings, the desired success in VA could not be achieved in the short term., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

The aim of this study was to investigate the mean platelet volume (MPV) of patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR). Thirty patients were included in the study. Thirty healthy volunteers were recruited as the control group. All patients and control subjects underwent complete ocular examination. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet count, and MPV of the participants were recorded. Data of patients with CSCR were compared with the control subjects. Patients with CSCR had significantly higher MPV values (9.76 ± 1.36 fL) compared with the control subjects (8.37 ± 0.72 fL) (p = 0.004). No significant difference was found in platelet counts between the CSCR group and the control group (259 ± 53.75 and 243 ± 52.11 K/Ul, p = 0.253). According to the receiver operator characteristics curve analysis, the optimal cut-off value of MPV to predict the CSCR was >9.4, with 60.0 % sensitivity and 93.3 % specificity. Our results demonstrated that the MPV values were significantly higher in patients with CSCR. MPV may be used as a predictive tool for identifying risk for CSCR.