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Aging is a multifactorial process influenced by both biological and sociocultural factors. The objective of this study was to identify current and past factors with an impact on the quality of aging in a sample of people 65 years of age or older born in the postwar period after the Spanish civil war. Socioeconomic, health, anthropometric, and food consumption data were collected in public Leisure Centers for the elderly in Madrid. The sample consists of 587 people (64.6% women), with a mean age of 71.8 ±5.3 years. Following the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines regarding what is considered Healthy Aging, an index called the Index of Quality of Aging was calculated from four variables: the Mini Mental State Examination score, perception of health, satisfaction with life and the number of diseases that affect daily life. Another index called the Diet Inflammation Index was created based on the inflammatory or anti-inflammatory potential of different foods. The Index of Quality of Ageing was used as a dependent variable in linear regression models for men and women. Differences by gender were observed in the factors that influence the quality of aging. Education had a positive influence on men quality of ageing while it does not on women. In these, a relationship between the quality of the current diet and the quality of aging was observed.

Background and Aims: Food intake influences uric acid (UA) levels and hyperuricemia (HU), but evidence on the role of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are scarce. The association between UPFs consumption and (1) HU prevalence and UA levels; (2) HU cumulative incidence; and (3) UA level change over a 4-year period was investigated., Methods and Results: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were performed using baseline (2008-2010, aged 35-74 years) and second visit (2012-2014) data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Participants with glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, bariatric surgery, implausible caloric intake, and using urate-lowering therapy (ULT) at baseline were excluded (all analyses). Participants with HU at baseline were excluded from longitudinal analyses. UPFs consumption was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and categorized by the NOVA classification system (100 g/day). HU was defined as UA≥6.8 mg/dL. Linear, logistic, and mixed-effect linear regressions investigated the associations between UPFs consumption and UA/HU, adjusted for covariates. The final samples included 13,923 (cross-sectional) and 10,517 (longitudinal) individuals. The prevalence of HU was 18.7%, and the cumulative incidence was 4.9%. Greater UPFs consumption was associated with a greater prevalence of HU (OR:1.025 95%CI: 1.006; 1.044) and higher UA levels (β:0.024 95%CI: 0.016; 0.032). Every additional consumption of 100 g/day of UPFs raised the 4-year cumulative incidence of HU by 5.6% (95%CI: 1.021; 1.092). However, UPFs were not associated with the pace of UA level changes during the study period., Conclusion: The present study shows that greater UPFs consumption is associated with another deleterious health consequence: higher UA levels and the risk of having HU., (Copyright © 2022 The Italian Diabetes Society, the Italian Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis, the Italian Society of Human Nutrition and the Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: This study investigates the relationship between recurrent binge eating episodes and nutritional and food profiles and lifestyle in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde do Adulto - ELSA-Brazil) cohort., Results: Recurrent binge eating episodes were associated with obesity (OR 5.188; confidence interval [CI] 4.051-6.645), overweight (OR 2.534; CI 1.980-3.243), female sex (OR 1.918; CI 1.573-2.338), age between 34 and 54 years old (OR 1.349; CI 1.115-1.631), alcohol ingestion ≥ 5 in two hours (OR 1.397; CI 1.068-1.827), and insufficient physical activity (OR 1.290; CI 1.078-1.544)., Conclusion: Being overweight has an important association with recurrent binge eating episodes, as does demographic and lifestyle characteristics, including excessive alcohol consumption.

Introduction: Observational studies have reported fairly consistent inverse associations between coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes, but this association has been little investigated with regard to lesser degrees of hyperglycemia and other alterations in glucose homeostasis. Additionally, the association between coffee consumption and diabetes has been rarely investigated in South American populations. We examined the cross-sectional relationships of coffee intake with newly diagnosed diabetes and measures of glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion, in a large Brazilian cohort of middle-aged and elderly individuals., Methods: We used baseline data from 12,586 participants of the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine associations between coffee consumption and newly diagnosed diabetes. Analysis of covariance was used to assess coffee intake in relation to two-hour glucose from an oral glucose tolerance test, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, fasting and -2-hour postload insulin and measures of insulin sensitivity., Results: We found an inverse association between coffee consumption and newly diagnosed diabetes, after adjusting for multiple covariates [23% and 26% lower odds of diabetes for those consuming coffee 2-3 and >3 times per day, respectively, compared to those reporting never or almost never consuming coffee, (p = .02)]. An inverse association was also found for 2-hour postload glucose [Never/almost never: 7.57 mmol/L, ≤1 time/day: 7.48 mmol/L, 2-3 times/day: 7.22 mmol/L, >3 times/day: 7.12 mol/L, p<0.0001] but not with fasting glucose concentrations (p = 0.07). Coffee was additionally associated with 2-hour postload insulin [Never/almost never: 287.2 pmol/L, ≤1 time/day: 280.1 pmol/L, 2-3 times/day: 275.3 pmol/L, >3 times/day: 262.2 pmol/L, p = 0.0005) but not with fasting insulin concentrations (p = .58)., Conclusion: Our present study provides further evidence of a protective effect of coffee on risk of adult-onset diabetes. This effect appears to act primarily, if not exclusively, through postprandial, as opposed to fasting, glucose homeostasis.

Objective: To evaluate the salt intake and urinary Na+/K+ ratio in a randomized sample from an ethnically mixed urban population., Methods: A randomized residential sample of 2,268 individuals aged 25-64 in Vit ria, ES, was selected, of whom 1,663 (73.3%) reported to the hospital for standardized tests. Salt, Na+ and K+ intake was estimated from 12-hour urine excretion (7 p.m. to 7 a.m.) and from the monthly salt consumption at home reported in the interview. Clinic arterial pressure was measured twice under standard conditions by two trained investigators, using mercury sphygmomanometry. The Student t and Tukey tests were utilized for statistical analysis., Results: Urinary Na+ excretion was higher in men and individuals of lower socioeconomic level (P<0.000). No difference between ethnic groups was observed. K+ excretion was unrelated to socioeconomic level and ethnicity, but was significantly higher among men (25 18 vs. 22 18 mEq/12h; P=0.002). Positive linear correlation was observed between urinary Na+ excretion and systolic (r=0.15) and diastolic (r=0.19) arterial pressure. Hypertensive individuals showed higher urinary Na+ excretion and Na+/K+ ratio than normotensive individuals. Reported salt intake was around 50% of the intake estimated from 12-hour urine collection (around 45% of 24-hour urinary excretion)., Conclusions: Salt intake is strongly influenced by socioeconomic level and may partially explain the higher prevalence of hypertension in lower socioeconomic classes.