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Recent data suggest that the DNA damage response (DDR) is altered in the eutopic endometrium (EE) of women with endometriosis and this probably ensues in response to higher DNA damage encountered by the EE in endometriosis. DDR operates in a tissue-specific manner and involves different pathways depending on the type of DNA lesions. Among these pathways, the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway plays a critical role in the repair of dsDNA breaks. The present study was undertaken to explore whether NHEJ is affected in the EE of women with endometriosis. Toward this, we focused on the X-ray repair cross-complementing 4 (XRCC4) protein, one of the core components of the NHEJ pathway. Endometrial XRCC4 protein levels in the mid-proliferative phase were found significantly (P < 0.05) downregulated in women with endometriosis, compared to control women. Investigation of a microarray-based largest dataset in the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GSE51981) revealed a similar trend at the transcript level in the EE of women with endometriosis, compared to control women. Further in vitro studies were undertaken to explore the effects of H2O2-induced oxidative stress on DNA damage, as assessed by γ-H2AX and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) immunolocalization, and XRCC4 protein levels in endometrial stromal (hTERT immortalized human endometrial stromal cell line (ThESCs)) and epithelial (Ishikawa) cells. A significant decrease in XRCC4 protein levels and significantly higher localization of γ-H2AX and 8-OHdG were evident in ThESCs and Ishikawa cells experiencing oxidative stress. Overall, the study demonstrates that the endometrial XRCC4 expression is dysregulated in women with endometriosis and this could be due to higher oxidative stress in endometriosis.

Study Question: Is the DNA damage response (DDR) dysregulated in the eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis?, Summary Answer: Endometrial expression of genes involved in DDR is modulated in women with endometriosis, compared to those without the disease., What Is Known Already: Ectopic endometriotic lesions are reported to harbour somatic mutations, thereby hinting at dysregulation of DDR and DNA repair pathways. However, it remains inconclusive whether the eutopic endometrium also manifests dysregulated DDR in endometriosis., Study Design, Size, Duration: For this case-control study conducted between 2015 and 2019, eutopic endometrial (E) samples (EE- from women with endometriosis, CE- from women without endometriosis) were collected in either mid-proliferative (EE-MP, n = 23; CE-MP, n = 17) or mid-secretory (EE-MS, n = 17; CE-MS, n = 9) phases of the menstrual cycle. This study compares: (i) DNA damage marker localization, (ii) expression of DDR genes and (iii) expression of DNA repair genes in eutopic endometrial samples from women with and without endometriosis., Participants/materials, Setting, Methods: The study included (i) 40 women (aged 31.9 ± 0.81 years) with endometriosis and (ii) 26 control women (aged 31.4 ± 1.02 years) without endometriosis. Eutopic endometrial samples from the two groups were divided into different parts for histological analysis, immunohistochemistry, RNA extraction, protein extraction and comet assays. Eighty-four genes of relevance in the DNA damage signalling pathway were evaluated for their expression in eutopic endometrial samples, using RT2 Profiler PCR arrays. Validations of the expression of two GADD (Growth Arrest DNA Damage Inducible) proteins - GADD45A and GADD45G were carried out by immunoblotting. DNA damage was assessed by immunohistochemical localization of γ-H2AFX (a phosphorylated variant of histone H2AX) and 8-OHdG (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine). RNA sequencing data from mid-proliferative (EE-MP, n = 4; CE-MP, n = 3) and mid-secretory phase (EE-MS and CE-MS, n = 4 each) endometrial samples were scanned to compare the expression status of all the genes implicated in human DNA repair. PCNA (Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen) expression was determined to assess endometrial proliferation. Residual DNA damage in primary endometrial cells was checked by comet assays. Public datasets were also scanned for the expression of DDR and DNA repair genes as our RNASeq data were limited by small sample size. All the comparisons were made between phase-matched endometrial samples from women with and without endometriosis., Main Results and the Role of Chance: Endometrial expression of DDR genes and intensity of immunolocalized γ-H2AFX were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in EE, compared to CE samples. DDR proteins, especially those belonging to the GADD family, were found to be differentially abundant in EE, as compared to CE. These patterns were evident in both mid-proliferative and mid-secretory phases. Intriguingly, higher DDR was associated with increased cell proliferation in EE-MP, compared to CE-MP. Furthermore, among the differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) encoded by DNA repair genes, the majority showed up-regulation in EE-MP, compared to CE-MP. Interestingly, CE-MP and EE-MP had a comparable percentage (P > 0.05) of cells with residual DNA damage. However, unlike the mid-proliferative phase data, many DETs encoded by DNA repair genes were down-regulated in EE-MS, compared to CE-MS. An analysis of the phase-matched control and endometriosis samples included in the GSE51981 dataset available in the Gene Expression Omnibus database also revealed significant (P < 0.05) alterations in the expression of DDR and DNA repair genes in EE, compared to CE., Large-Scale Data: N/A., Limitations, Reasons for Caution: The study was conducted on a limited number of endometrial samples. Also, the study does not reveal the causes underlying dysregulated DDR in the eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis., Wider Implications of the Findings: Alterations in the expression of DDR and DNA repair genes indirectly suggest that eutopic endometrium, as compared to its healthy counterpart, encounters DNA damage-inducing stimuli, either of higher strength or for longer duration in endometriosis. It will be worthwhile to identify the nature of such stimuli and also explore the role of higher genomic insults and dysregulated DDR/DNA repair in the origin and/or progression of endometriosis., Study Funding/competing Interest(s): The study was supported by the Department of Biotechnology and Indian Council of Medical Research, Government of India. No conflict of interest is declared., (© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Context: Enterococcus faecalis is the most common bacteria found in infected root canals., Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the mono instrument (wave-one ® ) on the reduction of E. faecalis in root canals., Materials and Methods: Thirty-two human monoroot teeth were used. After sterilization by autoclave, the teeth were infected by E. faecalis and incubated for 24 h. Each tooth underwent sampling before and after the root canal shaping. After serial dilution, samples were incubated, and colony-forming units were counted., Results: The mono instrument technique reduced infection by E. faecalis in root canals of 30 teeth. The mean bacterial load (log 10 ) was 3.98 before treatment and 1.20 after treatment. The paired t -test showed a significant mean difference (log 10 ) of the bacterial load before and after treatment ( P < 0.0001)., Conclusion: This study found that the mono instrument (Wave One ® ) significantly decreases bacterial load in root canals. However, the instrument alone is not enough to eradicate infections; thus, the use of a complementary antimicrobial is required., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest.

Purpose: This study evaluated the immediate bonding effectiveness of five self-etch adhesive systems bonded to dentin., Materials and Methods: The microtensile bond strength of five self-etch adhesives systems, including one two-step and four one-step self-etch adhesives to dentin, was measured. Human third molars had their superficial dentin surface exposed, after which a standardized smear layer was produced using a medium-grit diamond bur. The selected adhesives were applied according to their respective manufacturer's instructions for μTBS measurement after storage in water at 37°C for 24 h., Results: The μTBS varied from 11.1 to 44.3 MPa; the highest bond strength was obtained with the two-step self-etch adhesive Clearfil SE Bond and the lowest with the one-step self-etch adhesive Adper Prompt L-Pop. Pretesting failures mainly occurring during sectioning with the slow-speed diamond saw were observed only with the one-step self-etch adhesive Adper Prompt L-Pop (4 out of 18)., Conclusions: When bonded to dentin, the self-etch adhesives with simplified application procedures (one-step self-etch adhesives) still underperform as compared to the two-step self-etch adhesive Clearfil SE Bond., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest.

Introduction: Endodontic flora is dominated in the apical part of the channels by strict anaerobic and some facultative anaerobic bacteria but also by Candida yeasts, especially Candida albicans species that are involved in the maintenance and persistence of endodontic infections. Their elimination of the canal system in practice by chemo-mechanical methods of disinfection is not always guaranteed. Thus, this in vitro study was performed to determine the sensitivity of C. albicans with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) dosed at 2.5 %, the chlorhexidine digluconate 0.5 % and calcium hydroxide used in inter-session medication., Methods: The diffusion method was used initially to test the sensitivity of C. albicans strains with the above products. Then a dilution technique has allowed us to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of these active products on C. albicans., Results: Strains from infected pulp teeth of patients showed a sensitivity of C. albicans to sodium hypochlorite to a minimum inhibitory concentration less than 70μg/mL and 30μg/mL for chlorhexidine., Conclusion: This study demonstrated a sensitivity of C. albicans to sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine., (Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

Introduction: Endodontic infections are characterized by their microbial polymorphism with the presence of pathogenic agents such as bacteria. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of yeast in the root canals of teeth with pulp necrotic with or without apical periodontitis and to study the sensibility of these at disinfection at sodium hypochlorite to 2.5 %., Methods: Root canal samples, taken with paper points before and after disinfection with sodium hypochlorite dosed at 2.5 % on 50 single rooted teeth in 38 patients, were seeded in petri dishes containing Sabouraud Chloramphenicol (SC) (Conda Laboratories, Madrid). These stains were incubated in an incubator at 37°C for 48hours. The presence of yeast was confirmed by white colonies on the entire circumference of the tip paper. The identification of species was done by macroscopic and microscopic examinations associated with Blastese test., Results: The yeast colonies were isolated from 7 teeth (14 %) out of 50. All positive samples were from teeth with an open necrotic pulp (P<0.001). The only species found was Candida albicans. Immediate disinfection with sodium hypochlorite at 2.5 % did not show a complete elimination of yeasts., Conclusion: The results of this study show that the canal of necrotic teeth with or without apical periodontitis may shelter yeasts even after immediate disinfection with sodium hypochlorite 2.5 %., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: The present study reports the results of a randomized clinical trial comparing local intraosseous methylprednisolone injection and emergency pulpotomy in the management of acute pulpitis on efficacy, safety, and efficiency end points., Methods: After providing prior informed written consent, 94 patients consulting for acute irreversible pulpitis pain at university-affiliated teaching hospital dental clinics in Dakar, Senegal were randomly assigned to either the methylprednisolone treatment group (n = 47) or the pulpotomy treatment group (n = 47). Patients were followed up at 1 week and assessed 6 months later to evaluate the therapeutic outcome of their treatment., Results: At day 7 the patients in the methylprednisolone group reported less intense spontaneous and percussion pain in the day 0-day 7 period than the patients in the pulpotomy group. Methylprednisolone treatment took approximately 7 minutes (4.6-9.3) less to accomplish than pulpotomy (or about half the time). No difference in the therapeutic outcome was found between the 2 treatment groups at 6 months (all credible intervals span 0)., Conclusions: This study establishes that methylprednisolone injection for acute pulpitis is relieved by a minimally invasive pharmacologic approach more effectively than by the reference pulpotomy and conserves scarce dental resources (ie, endodontic equipment and supplies, dental surgeon's time)., (Copyright © 2016 American Association of Endodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Gliding motility in Plasmodium parasites, the aetiological agents of malaria disease, is mediated by an actomyosin motor anchored in the outer pellicle of the motile cell. Effective motility is dependent on a parasite myosin motor and turnover of dynamic parasite actin filaments. To date, however, the basis for directional motility is not known. Whilst myosin is very likely orientated as a result of its anchorage within the parasite, how actin filaments are orientated to facilitate directional force generation remains unexplained. In addition, recent evidence has questioned the linkage between actin filaments and secreted surface antigens leaving the way by which motor force is transmitted to the extracellular milieu unknown. Malaria parasites possess a markedly reduced repertoire of actin regulators, among which few are predicted to interact with filamentous (F)-actin directly. One of these, PF3D7&#95;1251200, shows strong homology to the coronin family of actin-filament binding proteins, herein referred to as PfCoronin., Methods: Here the N terminal beta propeller domain of PfCoronin (PfCor-N) was expressed to assess its ability to bind and bundle pre-formed actin filaments by sedimentation assay, total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy and confocal imaging as well as to explore its ability to bind phospholipids. In parallel a tagged PfCoronin line in Plasmodium falciparum was generated to determine the cellular localization of the protein during asexual parasite development and blood-stage merozoite invasion., Results: A combination of biochemical approaches demonstrated that the N-terminal beta-propeller domain of PfCoronin is capable of binding F-actin and facilitating formation of parallel filament bundles. In parasites, PfCoronin is expressed late in the asexual lifecycle and localizes to the pellicle region of invasive merozoites before and during erythrocyte entry. PfCoronin also associates strongly with membranes within the cell, likely mediated by interactions with phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) at the plasma membrane., Conclusions: These data suggest PfCoronin may fulfil a key role as the critical determinant of actin filament organization in the Plasmodium cell. This raises the possibility that macro-molecular organization of actin mediates directional motility in gliding parasites.

Recently, it has been greatly appreciated that intense light matter interaction is modified due to the nano- and microstructures in the target by--surface plasmons, laser energy localization scattering etc. Extreme laser intensities produce dense plasmas and collective mechanisms generate energetic electrons, ions and hard x-rays. Recently, it is postulated that the anharmonic electron motion, driven by ultrashort, high-intensity laser pulses, provides a universal mechanism for the laser absorption. Here, we provide the first demonstration of anharmonic-resonance-aided high laser-absorption in a biological system. At intensities of ∼ 10¹⁶⁻¹⁸ W/cm², 40 fs pulses excite a plasma formed with E. coli bacteria. The density-inhomogeneities due to the micro- and nanostructures in the bacterial target increase anharmonic resonance (AHR) heating and result in a 10⁴-fold enhancement in the hard x-ray yield compared to plain solid targets. These observations lead to novel high-energy x-ray sources that have implications to lithography, imaging and medical applications.

This study evaluated the one-year clinical performance of a one-step, self-etch adhesive (Optibond All-in-One, Kerr, CA, USA) combined with a composite (Herculite XRV Ultra, Kerr Hawe, CA, USA) to restore NCCLs with or without prior acid etching. Restorations performed by the same practitioner were evaluated at baseline and after 3, 6, and 12 months using modified USPHS criteria. At 6 months, the recall rate was 100%. The retention rate was 84.2% for restorations with prior acid etching, but statistically significant differences were observed between baseline and 6 months. Without acid etching, the retention rate was 77%, and no statistically significant difference was noted between 3 and 6 months. Marginal integrity (93.7% with and 87.7% without acid etching) and discoloration (95.3% with and 92.9% without acid etching) were scored as Alpha or Bravo, with better results after acid etching. After one year, the recall rate was 58.06%. Loss of pulp vitality, postoperative sensitivity, or secondary caries were not observed. After one year retention rate was of 90.6% and 76.9% with and without acid conditioning. Optibond All-in-One performs at a satisfactory clinical performance level for restoration of NCCLs after 12 months especially after acid etching.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the shaping ability of two single-file systems and conventional rotary instruments in severely curved root canals of extracted human molars., Methods and Materials: Mesiobuccal canals of 120 mandibular molars with angles of curvature ranging between 25(°) and 35(°) and radii of curvature from 5 to 9 mm, were divided into three groups (n=40). In each group the canals were instrumented with either WaveOne (W), Reciproc (R) or ProTaper (P). The time required for canal shaping and the frequency of broken instruments were recorded. The standardized pre and post-instrumentation radiographs were taken to determine changes in working length (WL) and straightening of canal curvature. The presence of blockage or perforation was also evaluated. Data were analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc Tukey's test. The level of significance was set at 0.05., Results: Both single-instrument systems reduced the canal preparation time by approximately 50% (P<0.05). No incidence of broken instruments from single-file systems was reported; however, two F2 instruments in the P group were broken (P<0.05). Reduction in WL and straightening of canal curvature was observed in all three systems with the highest scores belonging to P system (P<0.05). No case of blockage or perforation was found during shaping in any group., Conclusion: Single-file systems shaped curved canals with substantial saving in time and a significant decrease in incidence of instrument separation, change in WL, and straightening of canal curvature.

Oral diseases are considered as major public health problem. Dental caries restricts the school activities and are the dominant cause of dental morbidity. The aims of this survey were to determine prevalence of dental caries among pupils of Dakar and to study their food habits and oral hygiene. A descriptive transversal study was conducted from February 15th to May 07th, 2011 with respect of WHO directives (protocol of 1997) readjusted to Senegalese context. Our results showed a prevalence of 41.8%; a mean DMF index of 0.644; a proportion of teeth decayed of 65%, 32.2% for missing teeth and 2.7% of filled teeth. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that snacking, consumption of sweetened drinks far from meals and brushing teeth before the meals were significantly linked to the presence of dental caries. These results showed that the state of oral health and the prevention level of dental caries among these children were not so good. A new orientation of oral health policy based on messages regarding the main etiologic factors is imperative.

The first experimental study is presented of a corrugated wall device that uses wakefields to remove a linear energy correlation in a relativistic electron beam (a "dechirper"). Time-resolved measurements of both longitudinal and transverse wakefields of the device are presented and compared with simulations. This study demonstrates the feasibility to employ a dechirper for precise control of the beam phase space in the next generation of free-electron-lasers.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to assess knowledge of, and management attitude of dentists regarding dentin hypersensitivity., Materials and Methods: The study involved all the dentists from private and public sectors, exerting in Senegal. The following data were requested from the surveyed dentists using an anonymous questionnaire; sociodemographics (i.e. age, gender, area of activity, etc.) and knowledge on triggering factor, type of pain, diagnosis, preventive and curative procedures., Results: Out of the 238 dentists who received the questionnaire, 68.9% returned properly filled forms. They were 116 males and 48 females with a mean age of 41.99 ± 8.50 years. Eighty three percent of the participants had a good understanding of the characteristics of pain related to DH and 92% recognized chemical and thermal stimuli as triggering factor while mechanical stimulus was not evoked. Many responders (90.9%) did not have any idea of the mechanism for pain transmission across the dentin. Regarding diagnosis technique, 68% use mechanical stimuli to elicit DH pain. Regarding management procedure, the use of desensitizing tooth paste is the mostly chosen option followed by professional topical application of fluoride. More than 1/3rd of the surveyed dentists confess resorting to root canal to manage DH., Conclusion: We recommend incorporation of basic science knowledge on orofacial pain and competencies to manage painful conditions like dentin hypersensitivity. Also, health regulatory institutions should make continuing dental education a requirement to preserve the dental licensure.

We demonstrate that the interaction of intense femtosecond light on a plain solid substrate can be substantially altered by a few micron layer coating of bacterial cells, live or dead. Using E. Coli cells, we show that at an intensity of 10(16)W cm(-2), the bremsstraahlung hard x-ray emission (up to 300 keV), is increased by more than two orders of magnitude as compared to a plain glass slab. Particle-in-cell simulations carried out by modeling the bacterial cells as ellipsoidal particles show that the hot electron generation is indeed enhanced by the presence of microstructures. This new methodology should pave way for using microbiological systems of varied shapes to control intense laser produced plasmas for EUV/x-ray generation.

The purpose of this study was to determine radiographically the prevalence of periapical periodontitis in teeth restored with crown in a Senegalese population. Full mouth periapical radiographs were obtained from 208 consecutive adult patients (6234 teeth) presenting as new patients to the Dental Service of the University. The presence of crown restorations, the periapical status and technical quality of root fillings associated were evaluated. 7.69% (n = 16) of patients had at least one tooth that was crowned. The total number of crowns assessed was 0.95% (n = 59). The molars were the teeth most crowned 40.67% (n = 24) followed by anterior teeth 30.50% (n = 18) and premolars 28.81% (n = 17). All the crowned teeth had previous root canal treatment of which only 16.94% (n = 10) were acceptable. 53 % (n = 32) of the teeth had apical periodontitis (PAI > 2). Unacceptable root fillings were associated with a higher prevalence of periapical disease (p < 0.05). Crown with a post extending more than 4 millimetres from the apex were associated with more periapical lesions 64.28% (p < 0.05). The results indicate a low prevalence of crowned teeth, an absence of vital preparation, a high prevalence of radiographic periapical disease and unacceptable root fillings associated.

Introduction: Shaping canal is one of the most important steps in endodontic treatment. It allows the cleaning solutions to reach the totality of the canal and to control any infection of the canal system. To achieve this goal is not without difficulty with the steel instruments, because of their rigidity. Recently, the Nickel Titanium instruments were introduced in Endodontics, to allow a setting form technically simplified and faster The aim of this study was to evaluate the duration of the canal shaping with the Pro Taper system., Materials and Methods: This exploratory study was carried out in Conservative Odontology and Endodontics service (OCE) of the department of Odontology of Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odonto-Stomatology of the University CheikhAnta Diop of Dakar in 2006. Sixty nine root canals (50 teeth) were shaped with ProTaper., Results: The results showed that an average time of 17.35 minutes was necessary for the shaping of the long canals against 15.38 minutes for the middle canals and 14.29 minutes for the short canals. The average duration of canal shaping of the one-root teeth is 13.76 minutes and 17.77 minutes for the plural root teeth., Conclusion: Taking into account the necessity of maintaining the teeth on the arcade during long year; include that we have now to respect imperatively the biological principles during the canal shaping in a restricted duration to realize a dense and hermetic canal obturation of the canal system in the same meeting. The Pro Taper system is so a reliable means.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the canal anatomy of mandiblar premolars in Senegalese population., Materials and Methods: Retroalveolar radiographs of mandibular premolars of 208 patients in Senegal were obtained. Two experienced practitioners using a long cone tube and the parallel plane technique with angulators took the radiographs. The canal morphology of each tooth was determined in terms of the number of canals radiologically visible to the apex. Any anatomic structure emanating from the pulp chamber or the principal canal to the apex and measuring more than 3 millimetres was considered to be a supplementary canal., Results: For the 208 patients studied, 412 first premolars were present and 4 were absent.Among the 412 teeth, 335 (81.3%) had a single canal, 62 (15.1%) 2 canals, and 17 (3.6%) 3 canals. For the second premolars 408 were present. Of the 408 teeth, 352 (86%) had one canal, 49 (12%) 2 canals, and 8 (2%) 3 canals., Conclusion: The prevalence of two or more canals in premolar mandibular from Senegalese patients was similar to that found in the others ethnic population.

A study of the potential for the development of the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) beyond the specifications of the baseline design is presented. These future developments include delivery of X-ray pulses in the 1 fs regime, extension of the spectral range, increase of the FEL power, exploitation of the spontaneous emission, and a more flexible time structure. As this potential is exploited, the LCLS can maintain its role as a world-leading instrument for many years beyond its commissioning in 2008 and initial operation as the world's first X-ray free-electron laser.

We propose a novel method to generate femtosecond and subfemtosecond photon pulses in a free-electron laser by selectively spoiling the transverse emittance of the electron beam. Its merits are simplicity and ease of implementation. When the system is applied to the Linac Coherent Light Source, it can provide x-ray pulses the order of 1 fs in duration containing about 10(10) transversely coherent photons.

For high luminosity in electron-positron linear colliders, it is essential to generate low vertical emittance beams. We report on the smallest vertical emittance achieved in single-bunch-mode operation of the Accelerator Test Facility, which satisfies the requirement of the x-band linear collider. The emittances were measured with a laser-wire beam-profile monitor installed in the damping ring. The bunch length and the momentum spread of the beam were also recorded under the same conditions. The smallest vertical rms emittance measured at low intensity is 4 pm at a beam energy of 1.3 GeV, which corresponds to the normalized emittance of 1.0x1.0(-8) m. It increases by a factor of 1.5 for a bunch intensity of 10(10) electrons. The measured data agreed to the calculation of intrabeam scattering within much better than a factor of 2.

Electron beams with the lowest, normalized transverse emittance recorded so far were produced and confirmed in single-bunch-mode operation of the Accelerator Test Facility at KEK. We established a tuning method of the damping ring which achieves a small vertical dispersion and small x-y orbit coupling. The vertical emittance was less than 1% of the horizontal emittance. At the zero-intensity limit, the vertical normalized emittance was less than 2.8 x 10(-8) rad m at beam energy 1.3 GeV. At high intensity, strong effects of intrabeam scattering were observed, which had been expected in view of the extremely high particle density due to the small transverse emittance.