Search

Digital detoxification is a conscious disconnection from all smartphone activities for a certain period of time, which has been undertaken as effective by researchers to improve well-being, but studies found inconsistent results, with a primary focus on negative well-being, thus necessitating a need to focus on the positive aspect. As a result, the current study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess digital detoxification and its influence on users subjective and psychological well-being (PWB). A comprehensive search (up to November 19, 2023) across databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Pro-Quest, and Google Search yielded a total of 26 eligible studies (18 for meta-analysis) comprising 8,147 participants ( M age = 25.20 years). The Studies' quality was assessed using Cochrane's updated Risk of Bias Tool, and statistical analysis was performed in R Studio. Digital detoxification was found to be effective in improving subjective well-being (SWB) (Standardized mean difference [ SMD ] = 0.21, 95% CI : 0.06, 0.34; p < 0.01, I 2 = 73.6%, n = 14 papers), as well as PWB ( SMD = 0.27, 95% CI : 0.09, 0.46; p < 0.05; I 2 = 0.0%, n = 4 papers). Notably, we detected no publication bias but addressed funnel plot asymmetry using Trim & Fill. Moderation analysis revealed the impact of internet coverage, developmental status, location, intervention effectiveness, and risk of bias on the estimated effect size for SWB. Meta-regression highlighted the significant influence of mean age, and although no potential outliers were identified, influential plots are provided for transparency. Our findings consolidate the efficacy of digital detoxification, emphasizing the need for nuanced consideration of study factors. This study contributes to the ongoing discourse on digital well-being, offering valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers.

Phubbing, a pervasive social behavior linked to smartphone usage, involves users neglecting their conversation partners to engage with their phones. Despite consistent exploration of its association with the concept of fear of missing out (FOMO), findings in the existing literature exhibit notable inconsistency. To address this gap, this study employs a systematic review and meta-analysis to scrutinize the intricate relationship between phubbing behavior and FOMO. A comprehensive systematic review, spanning up to December 10, 2023, encompassed databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Google Scholar. The resulting dataset comprised 27 eligible studies, incorporating insights from 20,415 participants across 15 countries. Rigorous evaluation of study quality was executed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale, while statistical analyses were meticulously conducted using R Studio. Revealing a robust positive association, phubbing behavior was significantly linked to FOMO (effect size[ES] = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.36, 0.49, I 2 : 97.5%, τ 2 : 0.05). Correcting for detected publication bias using the Trim and Fill method, an additional 16 studies were included, fortifying the robustness of the findings. Moderation analysis uncovered significant influences of location ( p < 0.01), income level ( p < 0.01), sampling method ( p < 0.01), phubbing scale ( p < 0.01), and FOMO scale and type ( p < 0.01) on the estimated relationship. Univariate meta-regression highlighted the substantial impact of sample size ( R 2 = 11.81%, p < 0.01), while multivariate meta-regression illuminated the combined effects of publication year, study quality score, sample size, mean age, and female proportion on the estimated relationship ( k = 19, R 2 = 52.85%, I 2 = 93.78%, p < 0.05). Furthermore, post hoc influential analysis, conducted through the leave-one-out method, offered additional depth to the examination.

Growth behavior of different species under different habitats can be studied by comparing the production of biomass, plasticity index and relative competitive interaction. However, these functional traits of invasive species received rare consideration for determining the invasion success of invasive species at wetlands. Here, we examined the effect of water depth at 5 cm and 15 cm (static and fluctuated) with different nutrient concentrations (full-strength (n1), 1/4-strength (n2) and 1/8-strength (n3) Hoagland solution) on functional traits of invasive Wedelia trilobata and its congener native Wedelia chinensis under mono and mixed culture. Water depth of 5 cm with any of the nutrient treatments (n1, n2 and n3) significantly restrained the photosynthesis, leaf nitrogen and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNU E ) of both W. trilobata and W. chinensis. While, increase in the water depth to 15 cm with low nutrient treatment (n3) reduced more of biomass of W. chinensis under mixed culture. However, relative competition interaction (RCI) was recorded positive for W. trilobata and seemingly W. trilobata benefited more from RCI under high-fluctuated water depth at 15 cm in mixed culture. Therefore, higher PNU E , more competitive ability and higher plasticity may contribute to the invasiveness of W. trilobata in wetlands.

The distribution of invasive and native species in wetlands is determined by hydrological conditions; whereas conditions such as water depth fluctuations, variations in the nutrient concentrations are expected to affect the growth and physiological traits of plants. For the assessment of such effects, we conduct greenhouse experiment with three factors; 1) water depth of 5 cm and 15 cm (static and fluctuated); 2) three levels of nutrient concentrations (i) full-strength Hoagland solution (N1), (ii) ¼-strength Hoagland solution (N2), and (iii) 1 / 8 -strength Hoagland solution (N3); and 3) species, invasive Wedelia trilobata (L.) and its congener, native Wedelia chinensis (Osbeck.) under mono and mixed culture. Water depth of 5 cm combined with any of the nutrient treatments significantly restrained the photosynthesis, intracellular CO 2 concentration and leaf chlorophyll of both W. trilobata and W. chinensis . Increase in the water depth to 15 cm with low-nutrient treatment N3 did not sustain the physiological traits of W. chinensis under mono and mixed planting. A great loss was noted in the growth of W. chinensis at 15 cm static and fluctuated water depth with low-nutrient treatment (N3) and under mixed culture. In addition, water depth fluctuations with both low- and high-nutrient treatments significantly affected the root-shoot ratio, relative growth rate, and interspecific interaction among these two species. W. trilobata benefited more from competitive interaction index (CII) under fluctuated water depth at 15 cm with high nutrients, and the value of CII was clearly positive. Therefore, higher competitive ability may contribute to the invasiveness of W. trilobata in wetlands., Competing Interests: We have no conflicts of interest to declare., (© 2019 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The paranasal sinuses are air filled spaces. The process of development of paranasal sinuses begins prenatally. The agenesis of paranasal sinuses in an unusual clinical condition and that is mainly confined to the frontal sinus unilaterally. Combined aplasia of multiple sinuses is extremely rare along with hypoplasia of other sinuses. Agenesis of sphenoid sinus is also rare in incidence. We report a case of a 54 years old female, who presented with complains of persistent headache with nasal blockage and found to have combined aplasia of bilateral frontal and sphenoid sinus with hypoplasia of bilateral maxillary and ethmoid sinus with unusual age of presentation. The findings were confirmed on non-contrast computed tomography scan of paranasal sinuses.