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Aim: To systematically review studies measuring peripheric brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels on first-episode psychosis patients and variables related to them., Methods: A systematic search was made of articles published in the Medline database from 2002 up to June 2014. Included are original studies that report enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay measurement of BDNF levels in serum or plasma in patients with a diagnosis of first episode psychosis (FEP) and age- and gender- matched healthy controls., Results: Of the initially identified 147 articles, only 18 satisfied the inclusion criteria. Of this, 15 found a significant reduction in patients with FEP compared with age- and gender - matched controls., Conclusion: Peripheral BDNF levels are generally reduced in FEP patients. There are some factors that may influence BDNF levels that need to be further studied. Furthermore, a future meta-analysis in this topic is needed.