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This study evaluated a community-driven animal health and management program in the remote community of Wadeye, Northern Territory. This evaluation used a pre-post design to assess changes in animal and human health outcomes over a 12-month period of program implementation, from June 2018 to June 2019. The evaluation assessed the program by comparing animal health outcomes before versus one year after program implementation and comparing human health outcomes before versus during the first 12 months of the program. Outcome measures included the desexing status of dogs and cats, body condition and hair score of dogs, and rates of people presenting to the health clinic for a dog bite. Animal health outcomes significantly improved after program implementation. From pre to post program, there was a 77% increase in the prevalence of good body condition score among dogs and a 9% increase in the prevalence of good hair score among dogs, and the prevalence of desexed dogs and cats more than doubled. There was no significant change in the number of people presenting to the health clinic for a dog bite. Consideration on how to further incorporate human and environmental health aspects into the program could be useful for future One Health programs.

Pet domestic cat ( Felis catus ) populations are increasing all around the world, resulting in an increase in contact with humans and wildlife, potentially spreading zoonotic diseases and predating on wildlife. With the recently identified rise in cat populations in remote Indigenous communities in Australia, culturally appropriate cat population management strategies are required. A systematic review process was conducted to review the current global cat population management practices that are suitable for owned, free-roaming cat populations in these communities. Eight articles on in-situ field cat populations and five studies simulating computer modelled cat populations reported results of 66 population management interventions. Surgical Sterilisation (SS) was used in all socialised owned cat articles. The trap-neuter-release (TNR) method was used most frequently on unsocialised cats and gained the best results when the trap-remove (TR) method was used concurrently to adopt out unwanted social cats and euthanise ill or injured cats. The results of this review suggest that long-term TNR/SS programs supplemented with TR provide the current most ethically sound best practice, humane method of managing cat populations in remote Australian Indigenous communities. It is also recognised that no one plan will fit all, and that further research on the micro-level techniques used to deploy both TNR and TR needs to occur, and that culturally appropriate community consultation during all processes is vital in achieving a sustainable management program.

Background and Objectives: Improving quality of life for community-dwelling older persons with dementia symptoms (PWDS) and family caregivers requires promoting dementia-friendly communities (DFC). However, little is known regarding older Taiwanese Aboriginal PWDS' experiences of living in the community. We explored these experiences for older Atayal PWDS and their families in Taiwan., Research Design and Methods: This grounded theory research used in-depth interviews to explore the perspectives of older PWDS (n = 4), their family members (n = 3), and key persons (n = 10) in an Atayal community in northern Taiwan. Data were analyzed using constant comparative analysis. Participants were interviewed between January and May 2015., Results: Participants' experiences were captured by the overarching concept of "low dementia awareness, high family-like ambience in the community." Despite the low/absent community awareness of dementia, older Atayal PWDS functioned as freely in the community as at home due to a family-like supportive environment. Aboriginal PWDS and their families also faced environmental challenges, e.g., environmental constraints and barriers to transportation access., Discussion and Implications: Our results suggest that this Aboriginal community and culture offer important DFC components, and these strengths could be further studied to enhance DFC models elsewhere. Despite these strengths in supporting PWDS, environmental challenges to transportation access still cause difficulties for PWDS and their families and need improvement. The Atayal community's low dementia awareness suggests that services introduced must be culturally appropriate and nondisruptive to existing supportive helping systems. Our study can be a model for future studies to understand and identify PWDS' needs in Indigenous communities., (© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the challenges faced by the Aboriginal Health Practitioners in the community assisting their clients to manage medicines., Design: Qualitative, in depth interviews with eight Aboriginal Health Practitioners employed at various Aboriginal Community Controlled Health services in Victoria were undertaken., Setting: Rural Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Service., Participants: Aboriginal Health Practitioners who are registered with the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Practice Board of Australia as an Aboriginal Health Practitioner and who have experience in the planning, provision, management and evaluation of health services within their scope of practice., Results: This study revealed multiples challenges faced by Aboriginal Health Practitioners assisting clients with medication management. These were mainly divided into the attitudes and the culture of the workplace and barriers with medications use faced by the clients. The following subthemes were identified within the attitudes and workplace culture theme. These were reporting of errors, pamphlets not culturally appropriate, lack of education of Aboriginal Health Practitioner role and doctors' understanding of Aboriginal culture. The subthemes identified by the Aboriginal Health Practitioners that were specific to the clients included language barriers, immediacy, sharing medications by family members, medications disposal, self-diagnosis, traditional medicine, not feeling comfortable with doctors, literacy and alcohol use., Conclusion: This study has identified many barriers to medication safety in the Aboriginal community, and strategies to improve some of the challenges identified., (© 2019 National Rural Health Alliance Ltd.)