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The increasing Russia-Ukraine crisis is without a doubt Europe's most prominent conflict since World War II, changing the dynamics of the oil and other key markets. Because the oil market has traditionally interacted with other financial and commodity markets, it will be intriguing to examine how it interacts with substantial financial assets amid market volatility induced by a conflict. The goal of this study is to propose a fuzzy time series (FTS) model and to compare its competitiveness to existing fuzzy time series (FTS) models, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model and some machine learning methods i.e. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and XGBoost models. We considered changes in the partitioning universe of discourse, optimization of parameters method(s), and interval estimation to make the forecast accuracy more precise forecasting than traditional methods via MAPE. The event-based data results show the proposed fuzzy time series model is outperforming all the competitive methods in the study. Furthermore, the proposed model forecasting shows a future decline tendency in WTi market crude oil prices (US$/BBL) after being at the record highest level, which is good news for the worldwide economy., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

The fuzzy set has its own limitations due to the membership function only. The fuzzy set does not describe the negative aspects of an object. The Fermatean fuzzy set covers the negative aspects of an object. The complex Fermatean fuzzy set is the most effective tool for handling ambiguous and uncertain information. The aim of this research work is to develop new techniques for complex decision-making based on complex Fermatean fuzzy numbers. First, we construct different aggregation operators for complex Fermatean fuzzy numbers, using Einstein t-norms. We define a series of aggregation operators named complex Fermatean fuzzy Einstein weighted average aggregation (CFFEWAA), complex Fermatean fuzzy Einstein ordered weighted average aggregation (CFFEOWAA), and complex Fermatean fuzzy Einstein hybrid average aggregation (CFFEHAA). The fundamental properties of the proposed aggregation operators are discussed here. The proposed aggregation operators are applied to the decision-making technique with the help of the score functions. We also construct different algorithms based on different aggregation operators. The extended TOPSIS method is described for the decision-making problem. We apply the proposed extended TOPSIS method to MAGDM problem "selection of an English language instructor". We also compare the proposed models with the existing models., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

In today's business world, choosing a logistics supplier is a critical factor for companies to improve operational efficiency and reduce business costs. With the development of market economy, it is very difficult for companies to choose a suitable logistics provider according to specific rules. Therefore, this study proposes a new three-way decision making (TWD) technique for supplier selection in logistics service value creation. For this, we first develop a new concept called intuitionistic double hierarchy linguistic term set (IDHLTSs) that can describe uncertainty and ambiguity in a more flexible way. Some Hamacher aggregation operators for collecting IDHLTSs information and its basic aspect are proposed. The unknown weight vector for decision experts and criteria is determined by using entropy measures. In addition, the conditional probability is determined using TOPSIS which makes the decision making process more rational. And the decision result is conducted according to minimum loss principle. Finally, an example of 3 PL supplier selection in the logistics service value co-creation environment and comparison is given to validate and demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed method., Competing Interests: The author declare that they have no known competing financial interest or personal relationship that could have appeared to influence the work repeated in this paper., (© 2023 Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Electroencephalograms (EEG) is used to assess patients' clinical records of depression (EEG). The disorder of human thinking is a very complex problem caused by heavy-duty in daily life. We need some future and optimal classifier selection by using different techniques for depression data extraction using EEG. Intelligent decision support is a decision-making process that is automated based on some input information. The primary goal of this proposed work is to create an artificial intelligence-based fuzzy decision support system (AI-FDSS). Based on the given criteria, the AI-FDSS is considered for classifier selection for EEG under depression information. The proposed intelligent decision technique examines classifier alternatives such as Gaussian mixture models (GMM), k-nearest neighbor algorithm (k-NN), Decision tree (DT), Nave Bayes classification (NBC), and Probabilistic neural network (PNN). For analyzing optimal classifiers selection for EEG in depression patients, the proposed technique is criterion-based. First, we develop a general algorithm for intelligent decision systems based on non-linear Diophantine fuzzy numbers to examine the classifier selection technique using various criteria. We use classifier methods to obtain data from depression patients in normal and abnormal situations based on the given criteria. The proposed technique is criterion-based for analyzing optimal classifier selection for EEG in patients suffering from depression. The proposed model for analyzing classifier selection in EEG is compared to existing models., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

This research aims to determine the impact of COVID-19 on the stock markets of Pakistan (Islamabad), China (Shanghai), and the United States of America (New York). These three stock markets were chosen to demonstrate the variation in the degree of influence based on varied times in which the respective nations were impacted by COVID-19. COVID-19, a pandemic virus, was still present in China in December 2020. The one-year timeline helps us understand the pattern of the effect on different stock markets that show onward to guide us to indicate that in this situation, the lack of economic movement (due to the lockdown) had a more negative effect on stock prices than the increase in the number of new confirmed cases of the COVID-19 virus. This study was carried out to assess the influence of COVID-19 on the financial sectors, including the stock market. The effects were assessed by employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) to demonstrate correlations between three stock markets (Pakistan, Shanghai, and New York) and COVID-19 instances. The study's major goal is to demonstrate the differences in the three countries' levels of influence. We got empirical results and discovered that the confirmed cases had a detrimental influence on three stock exchanges. However, all three countries saw an increase in the number of recovery cases. The number of deaths was minor for Pakistan and China but had a detrimental impact on the New York Stock Exchange., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Author(s).)

The control of spreading of COVID-19 in emergency situation the entire world is a challenge, and therefore, the aim of this study was to propose a spherical intelligent fuzzy decision model for control and diagnosis of COVID-19. The emergency event is known to have aspects of short time and data, harmfulness, and ambiguity, and policy makers are often rationally bounded under uncertainty and threat. There are some classic approaches for representing and explaining the complexity and vagueness of the information. The effective tool to describe and reduce the uncertainty in data information is fuzzy set and their extension. Therefore, we used fuzzy logic to develop fuzzy mathematical model for control of transmission and spreading of COVID19. The fuzzy control of early transmission and spreading of coronavirus by fuzzy mathematical model will be very effective. The proposed research work is on fuzzy mathematical model of intelligent decision systems under the spherical fuzzy information. In the proposed work, we will develop a newly and generalized technique for COVID19 based on the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) and complex proportional assessment (COPRAS) methods under spherical fuzzy environment. Finally, an illustrative the emergency situation of COVID-19 is given for demonstrating the effectiveness of the suggested method, along with a sensitivity analysis and comparative analysis, showing the feasibility and reliability of its results., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (© Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020, corrected publication 2021.)

The information aggregation of cubic fuzzy numbers and picture fuzzy numbers have played an important role in decision making. This paper introduces a novel approach to address the problem of testing facility of COVID-19 under picture cubic fuzzy environment. As the picture cubic fuzzy set is a generalized fuzzy structure to handle more uncertainty and ambiguity in decision making problems We discuss its various properties. Based on geometric aggregation operators and Hamacher operations, we introduce some Hamacher geometric aggregation operators under picture cubic fuzzy information. Namely, picture cubic fuzzy Hamacher weighted geometric aggregation operator, picture cubic fuzzy Hamacher hybrid geometric operator, picture cubic fuzzy Hamacher order weighted geometric aggregation operator. Discuss some properties of the defined operators. To verify the importance of the proposed operators, develop multicriteria group decision making (MCGDM) algorithm under picture cubic fuzzy environment and apply this strategy for the selection of an authentic laboratory for COVID-19 test. Further to validate the supremacy of our proposed operators, we present a comparative analysis with pre-existing aggregation operators. Results show that the proposed technique is more effective and suitable for MCGDM problems., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThe authors declared that they have no conflict of interest, (© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022, Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.)

Health care systems around the world do not have sufficient medical services to immediately offer elective (e.g., scheduled or non-emergency) services to all patients. The goal of patient admission scheduling (PAS) as a complicated decision making issue is to allocate a group of patients to a limited number of resources such as rooms, time slots, and beds based on a set of preset restrictions such as illness severity, waiting time, and disease categories. This is a crucial issue with multi-criteria group decision making (MCGDM). In order to address this issue, we first conduct an assessment of the admission process and gather four (4) aspects that influence patient admission and design a set of criteria. Even while many of these indicators may be accurately captured by the picture fuzzy set, we use an advanced MCGDM approach that incorporates generalized aggregation to analyze patients' hospitalization. Finally, numerical real-world applications of PAS are offered to illustrate the validity of the suggested technique. The advantages of the proposed approaches are also examined by comparing them to various existing decision methods. The proposed technique has been proved to assist hospitals in managing patient admissions in a flexible manner.

The significance of emergency decision-making (EmDM) has been experienced recently due to the continuous occurrence of various emergency situations that have caused significant social and monetary misfortunes. EmDM assumes a manageable role when it is important to moderate property and live misfortunes and to reduce the negative effects on the social and natural turn of events. Genuine world EmDM issues are usually described as complex, time-consuming, lack of data, and the effect of mental practices that make it a challenging task for decision-makers. This article shows the need to manage the various types of vulnerabilities and to monitor practices to resolve these concerns. In clinical analysis, how to select an ideal drug from certain drugs with efficacy values for coronavirus disease has become a common problem these days. To address this issue, we are establishing a multi-attribute decision-making approach (MADMap) based on the EDAS method under Pythagorean probabilistic hesitant fuzzy information. In addition, an algorithm is developed to address the uncertainty in the selection of drugs in EmDM issues with regards to clinical analysis. The actual contextual analysis of the selection of the appropriate drug to treat coronavirus ailment is utilized to show the practicality of our proposed technique. Finally, with the help of a comparative analysis of the TOPSIS technique, we demonstrate the efficiency and applicability of the established methodology., (© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021.)

Dominant emergency action should be adopted in the case of an emergency situation. Emergency is interpreted as limited time and information, harmfulness and uncertainty, and decision-makers are often critically bound by uncertainty and risk. This framework implements an emergency decision-making approach to address the emergency situation of COVID-19 in a spherical fuzzy environment. As the spherical fuzzy set (SFS) is a generalized framework of fuzzy structure to handle more uncertainty and ambiguity in decision-making problems (DMPs). Keeping in view the features of the SFSs, the purpose of this paper is to present some robust generalized operating laws in accordance with the Einstein norms. In addition, list of propose aggregation operators using Einstein operational laws under spherical fuzzy environment are developed. Furthermore, we design the algorithm based on the proposed aggregation operators to tackle the uncertainty in emergency decision making problems. Finally, numerical case study of COVID-19 as an emergency decision making is presented to demonstrate the applicability and validity of the proposed technique. Besides, the comparison of the existing and the proposed technique is established to show the effectiveness and validity of the established technique., Competing Interests: Conflict of InterestThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest regarding the publication of the research article., (© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021.)

The emergency situation of COVID-19 is a very important problem for emergency decision support systems. Control of the spread of COVID-19 in emergency situations across the world is a challenge and therefore the aim of this study is to propose a q-linear Diophantine fuzzy decision-making model for the control and diagnose COVID19. Basically, the paper includes three main parts for the achievement of appropriate and accurate measures to address the situation of emergency decision-making. First, we propose a novel generalization of Pythagorean fuzzy set, q-rung orthopair fuzzy set and linear Diophantine fuzzy set, called q-linear Diophantine fuzzy set (q-LDFS) and also discussed their important properties. In addition, aggregation operators play an effective role in aggregating uncertainty in decision-making problems. Therefore, algebraic norms based on certain operating laws for q-LDFSs are established. In the second part of the paper, we propose series of averaging and geometric aggregation operators based on defined operating laws under q-LDFS. The final part of the paper consists of two ranking algorithms based on proposed aggregation operators to address the emergency situation of COVID-19 under q-linear Diophantine fuzzy information. In addition, the numerical case study of the novel carnivorous (COVID-19) situation is provided as an application for emergency decision-making based on the proposed algorithms. Results explore the effectiveness of our proposed methodologies and provide accurate emergency measures to address the global uncertainty of COVID-19., (© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021.)

Spherical fuzzy set (SFS) is also one of the fundamental concepts for address more uncertainties in decision problems than the existing structures of fuzzy sets, and thus its implementation was more substantial. The well-known sine trigonometric function maintains the periodicity and symmetry of the origin in nature and thus satisfies the expectations of the experts over the multi parameters. Taking this feature and the significance of the SFSs into the consideration, the main objective of the article is to describe some reliable sine trigonometric laws for SFSs. Associated with these laws, we develop new average and geometric aggregation operators to aggregate the Spherical fuzzy numbers. Then, we presented a group decision-making strategy to address the multi-attribute group decision-making problem using the developed aggregation operators. To verify the value of the defined operators, a MAGDM strategy is provided along with an application for the selection of an authentic COVID-19 laboratory. Moreover, a comparative study is also performed to present the effectiveness of the developed approach., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThe authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG part of Springer Nature 2021.)

Spherical hesitant fuzzy sets have recently become more popular in various fields. It was proposed as a generalization of picture hesitant fuzzy sets and Pythagorean hesitant fuzzy sets in order to deal with uncertainty and fuzziness information. Technique of Aggregation is one of the beneficial tools to aggregate the information. It has many crucial application areas such as decision-making, data mining, medical diagnosis, and pattern recognition. Keeping in view the importance of logarithmic function and aggregation operators, we proposed a novel algorithm to tackle the multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) problems. First, novel logarithmic operational laws are developed based on the logarithmic, t-norm, and t-conorm functions. Using these operational laws, we developed a list of logarithmic spherical hesitant fuzzy weighted averaging/geometric aggregation operators to aggregate the spherical hesitant fuzzy information. Furthermore, we developed the spherical hesitant fuzzy entropy to determine the unknown attribute weight information. Finally, the design principles for the spherical hesitant fuzzy decision-making have been developed, and a practical case study of hotel recommendation based on the online consumer reviews has been taken to illustrate the validity and superiority of presented approach. Besides this, a validity test is conducted to reveal the advantages and effectiveness of developed approach. Results indicate that the proposed method is suitable and effective for the decision process to evaluate their best alternative.

Significant emergency measures should be taken until an emergency event occurs. It is understood that the emergency is characterized by limited time and information, harmfulness and uncertainty, and decision-makers are always critically bound by uncertainty and risk. This paper introduces many novel approaches to addressing the emergency situation of COVID-19 under spherical fuzzy environment. Fundamentally, the paper includes six main sections to achieve appropriate and accurate measures to address the situation of emergency decision-making. As the spherical fuzzy set (FS) is a generalized framework of fuzzy structure to handle more uncertainty and ambiguity in decision-making problems (DMPs). First, we discuss basic algebraic operational laws (AOLs) under spherical FS. In addition, elaborate on the deficiency of existing AOLs and present three cases to address the validity of the proposed novel AOLs under spherical fuzzy settings. Second, we present a list of Einstein aggregation operators (AgOp) based on the Einstein norm to aggregate uncertain information in DMPs. Thirdly, we are introducing two techniques to demonstrate the unknown weight of the criteria. Fourthly, we develop extended TOPSIS and Gray relational analysis approaches based on AgOp with unknown weight information of the criteria. In fifth, we design three algorithms to address the uncertainty and ambiguity information in emergency DMPs. Finally, the numerical case study of the novel carnivorous (COVID-19) situation is provided as an application for emergency decision-making based on the proposed three algorithms. Results explore the effectiveness of our proposed methodologies and provide accurate emergency measures to address the global uncertainty of COVID-19., (© 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

The Pythagorean probabilistic hesitant fuzzy set (PyPHFS) is an effective, generalized and powerful tool for expressing fuzzy information. It can cover more complex and more hesitant fuzzy evaluation information. Therefore, based on the advantages of PyPHFSs, this paper presents a new extended fuzzy TOPSIS method for dealing with uncertainty in the form of PyPHFS in real life problems. The paper is divided into three main parts. Firstly, the novel Pythagorean probabilistic hesitant fuzzy entropy measure is established using generalized distance measure under PyPHFS information to find out the unknown weights information of the attributes. The second part consists of the algorithm sets of the TOPSIS technique under PyPHFS environment, where the weights of criteria are completely unknown. Finally, in order to verify the efficiency and superiority of the proposed method, this paper applies some practical examples of the selection of the most critical fog-haze influence factor and makes a detailed comparison with other existing methods.

Keeping in view the importance of new defined and well growing spherical fuzzy sets, in this study, we proposed a novel method to handle the spherical fuzzy multi-criteria group decision-making (MCGDM) problems. Firstly, we presented some novel logarithmic operations of spherical fuzzy sets (SFSs). Then, we proposed series of novel logarithmic operators, namely spherical fuzzy weighted average operators and spherical fuzzy weighted geometric operators. We proposed the spherical fuzzy entropy to find the unknown weights information of the criteria. We study some of its desirable properties such as idempotency, boundary and monotonicity in detail. Finally, the detailed steps for the spherical fuzzy decision-making problems were developed, and a practical case was given to check the created approach and to illustrate its validity and superiority. Besides this, a systematic comparison analysis with other existent methods is conducted to reveal the advantages of our proposed method. Results indicate that the proposed method is suitable and effective for the decision process to evaluate their best alternative.