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We assessed the radiological and functional results of pediatric both-bone forearm diaphyseal fractures treated using elastic stable intramedullary nails (ESINs), as well as factors affecting the results. In total, 36 patients (33 males and three females; mean age, 11.6 years) were included. The mean follow-up time was 41.5 (18-96) months. Patient demographic characteristics and the details of the surgical techniques were analyzed retrospectively. In addition to standard radiographic evaluations, the ratio between the nail diameter and medullary canal diameter (ND/MCD) was measured, as well as the maximal radial bowing. According to the criteria of Price and Flynn, 28 (77.8%) and eight (22.2%) patients had excellent and good results, respectively. There were no cases of nonunion or delayed union. There was no significant difference in functional or radiological results according to whether titanium nails (24 patients) or stainless steel nails (12 patients) were used (all P  > 0.05). Nail prebending (performed in 19 patients) did not affect the functional or radiological results ( P  > 0.05). Loss of reduction was observed in four patients with an ND/MCD ratio <40%. The maximal radial bowing improved in all patients. The mean change was significantly greater in patients with diastases and 22D/4.1 fractures. Regardless of nail type or prebending status, surgery using ESIN placement effectively treats both-bone forearm diaphyseal fractures; radial bow remodeling outcomes are excellent. We recommend that the ND/MCD ratio should be 40-70%., (Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: This study aimed to compare the clinical and radiological findings of radical reduction (open reduction and Salter innominate osteotomy combined with femoral osteotomy) for children of walking age, younger and older than 4 years in the treatment of with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)., Methods: In this retrospective study, children of walking age with DDH who underwent radical reduction between 2008 and 2014 were identified. They were then divided into 2 groups according to the age at which the surgery was performed: before and after the age of 4 years. Improvement in the acetabular index was examined on follow-up radiographs. The presence of avascular necrosis (AVN) was determined and classified on the basis of the Kalamchi-MacEwen classification on final follow-up radiographs. Clinical assessment was performed with the modified McKay criteria at the final follow-up appointment., Results: A total of 19 children (14 girls, 5 boys; mean age=37.5±21 months) (25 hips) were included. Their mean age was 27.9±4.9 and 63.3±19.7 months in children operated before and after the age of 4 years, respectively. The mean follow-up time was 29.9±19 and 19.6±5 months in children operated before and after the age of 4 years, respectively. No significant difference was observed in improvements in the acetabular index between children younger than 4 years (24±6.9°) and those older than 4 years (20.7±6.7°) (p=0.25). According to the modified McKay criteria, all the children younger than 4 years exhibited excellent or good clinical results compared with those operated after the age of 4 years (67%) (p=0.013). At the final follow-up, 64% of all patients demonstrated no radiographical sign of AVN. The rates of AVN were significantly higher in children operated after the age of 4 years (33%) than in those operated before the age of 4 years (19%) (p=0.049)., Conclusion: Better clinical and radiographical results can be expected from radical reduction in children undergoing surgery before the age of 4 years., Level of Evidence: level III, Therapeutic Study.

BACKGROUND The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the measurements of bone mineral density (BMD) combined with volumetric dental tomography measurements taken from three main regions selected on the lower mandible, the right mandibular, medial mandibular, and left mandibular regions, in patients with ectodermal dysplasia and age-matched and gender-matched controls. Measurement of BMD in Hounsfield units (HUs) were evaluated using three-dimensional (3D) cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging. MATERIAL AND METHODS Mandibular bone tomography images were evaluated from 9 women and 5 men diagnosed with ectodermal dysplasia and a control group of 9 women and 5 men. The HU values obtained according to age and gender of the total 28 study participants were measured. Statistical analysis of the data used Student's t-test. RESULTS BMD in the ectodermal dysplasia group was significantly lower compared with the BMD in the control group. Comparison of the left and right mandibular angulus regions showed that the BMD of patients with ectodermal dysplasia was significantly lower when compared with the control group in both regions, but no significant difference was found between the two groups in the BMD of the central mandibular region. CBCT was found to be an effective method for the measurement of BMD. CONCLUSIONS In patients with ectodermal dysplasia, reduced BMD should be taken into consideration when planning surgical interventions involving bone tissue and when planning implant surgery. The results of this study may be of value in dentistry and other fields of medicine.

Background: Children have a curiosity for climbing walls, stairs, and railings and have an increased risk of falling. Here, we report our experience with railings causing injuries by penetrating the upper extremities, and aim to call attention to spiked railing injuries in children., Methods: We report on five children with a mean age of 8.8. All of the children were male. The penetrating railing parts were removed in a surgical room., Results: The injured structures repaired immediately were as follows: flexor digitorum profundus tendon, A4 pulley, volar plate of the distal interphalangeal joint, radial digital nerve, ulnar digital artery, and radial digital artery., Conclusion: Spiked railings can lead to significant injury that requires further exploration. Boys particularly are at risk, and parents should be alert regarding these type of injuries. We recommend a standard regulation for fence erection, and we wish to warn owners of this type of fence regarding probable legal sanctions.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the role of KRAS/BRAF gene mutation in the pathogenesis of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)., Patients and Methods: A total of 26 OSCC patients (23 males, 3 females; mean age 60 years; range 41 to 77 years) diagnosed between January 2003 and November 2013 were included in the study. The methods used in our study were quantitative fluorescence polymerase chain reaction for KRAS/BRAF mutation analysis., Results: Ten of the tumors were located at the tongue base, 12 in the tonsil and four at the floor of mouth. The mean tumor size was 3.8 cm. Six of the tumors were well differentiated, 18 were moderately differentiated and two were poorly differentiated. All cases were analyzed for KRAS and BRAF gene mutations and none of them showed gene mutations., Conclusion: We could not find any relation between OSCC and KRAS/BRAF gene mutations in our short case file. The role of mutations should be analyzed in larger series in OSCC to predict new targeted therapy modalities.

Background/aim: To investigate the effects of pulmonary hypertension on early clinical variables in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery., Materials and Methods: The preoperative echocardiographic data of patients who underwent isolated coronary artery bypass surgery were evaluated retrospectively. A total of 1244 patients were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups: one group consisted of patients with systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP) values equal to or greater than 30 mmHg (Group 1, n = 184), while the other group consisted of patients with SPAP values below 30 mmHg (Group 2, n = 1060)., Results: Early mortality was similar in both groups (0% in Group 1 and 1.2% in Group 2; P > 0.05). Comparison of postoperative data indicated that Group 1 had a higher need for inotropic agent treatment, a longer average duration of ventilation, and a longer average duration of stay in the intensive care unit (P < 0.05). For the other variables, no significant differences were identified between patients with and without pulmonary hypertension (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: Mild pulmonary hypertension (mean SPAP = 37.7 ± 8.4 mmHg) was not associated with a significant difference in the mortality of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. For patients undergoing this type of coronary bypass surgery, lower morbidity and mortality rates can be achieved through comprehensive preoperative examinations and effective perioperative medical procedures.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the quality of root fillings, coronal restorations, complications of all root-filled teeth and their association with apical periodontitis (AP) detected by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images from an adult Turkish subpopulation., Material and Methods: The sample for this study consisted of 242 patients (aging from 15 to 72 years) with 522 endodontically treated teeth that were assessed for technical quality of the root canal filling and periapical status of the teeth. Additionally, the apical status of each root-filled tooth was assessed according to the gender, dental arch, tooth type and age classification, undetected canals, instrument fracture, root fracture, apical resorption, apical lesion, furcation lesion and type and quality of the coronal structure. Statistical analysis was performed using percentages and chi-square test., Results: The success rate of the root canal treatment was of 54.4%. The success rates of adequate and inadequate root canal treatment were not significantly different (p>0.05). Apical periodontitis was found in 228 (45.6%) teeth treated for root canals. Higher prevalence of AP was found in patients aging from 20 to 29 years [64 (27%) teeth] and in anterior (canines and incisors) teeth [97 (41%) teeth]., Conclusions: The technical quality of root canal filling performed by dental practitioners in a Turkish subpopulation was consistent with a high prevalence of AP. The probable reasons for this failure are multifactorial, and there may be a need for improved undergraduate education and postgraduate courses to improve the clinical skills of dental practitioners in endodontics.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the root canal number and configuration of maxillary and mandibular premolar teeth by gender, intervals for decades, tooth position and unilateral or bilateral occurrence in a Turkish population using Cone Beam Computed Tomography(CBCT) scanning., Methodology: CBCT images of 5496 maxillary and mandibular premolars from 849 patients were evaluated. The following was evaluated in all the images: numbers of roots and root canals, the morphology of the root canal configuration according to the Vertucci classification, male-female differences in the tooth position and male-female differences in unilateral or bilateral occurrence. The reliability data were analyzed with a chi-square test., Results: The most prevalent root canal frequency was the two canals (86.2%) and type IV (76.9%) configuration for maxillary first premolar, one canal (59.7%) and type I (54.5%) canal configuration for second premolar. The incidence of one canal was higher in females and the occurrence of two or three canals was more common in males. The incidence of one canal was higher on the left side of maxillary premolars and the incidence of two canals was higher on the right side. Most mandibular first (93.5%) and second (98.5%) premolars had one canal. In general, females had one root canal of the mandibular premolar, whereas males had two or three canals. The type I configuration was most common and the incidence was higher on the right side. There were some differences found in the frequency distribution of the number of root canals and configuration of maxillary and mandibular premolar teeth according to intervals for decades., Conclusion: CBCT scanning provides comprehensive information about the root canal morphology of maxillary and mandibular premolar teeth. These data may help clinicians in root canal treatment of premolar teeth.

Chiral Schiff-bases 3a-f based on ferrocene were designed and synthesized using solvent-free methods by mixing ferrocene carbaldehyde 1 with amino alcohols and amines 2a-f under microwave irradiation and classical method for the enantioselective nitroaldol (Henry) reaction. The Schiff-bases were obtained in shorter reaction times and improved yield under microwave irradiation method over classical method. The highest enantioselectivity was observed in ligand 3e (95% ee) when CH(2)Cl(2) was used as solvent., (Copyright © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.)

Here we describe the case of a 71-year-old female patient who was admitted to our department with acute coronary syndrome. Trans-thoracic echocardiography evaluation to assess left ventricular functions incidentally detected a left atrial mass attached to the inter-atrial septum together with a left ventricular segmental wall motion abnormality due to acute anterior myocardial infarction. Coronary angiography revealed diffuse coronary artery disease. Because early surgery was not advised due to the high mortality risk, successful coronary angioplasty and stenting was performed in this emergecy situation. It may be informative to study the images from the echocardiography prior to angiography in this study as well as to determine the anticipated signs that may affect the treatment options for similar patients.

This report describes a mitral valvular cyst mimicking a solid mass in an 80-year-old patient. The diagnosis was based on histopathological evaluation of the resected material. This report emphasizes the possibility of misdiagnosis by echocardiographic and other imaging modalities of a mitral valvular mass in a patient without any clinical signs and symptoms.