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College health services are uniquely situated to reduce barriers that have historically made it difficult for Transgender and Gender Diverse (TGD) people to access care. The Big 10 Gender Care Coalition recognizes the importance of providing gender-affirming care and presents recommendations for integrative, inclusive college health services.

Social workers, especially in the Global North/developed countries such as the United States of America, Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom, have been actively involved in implementing social programs to improve the psychosocial, health, and wellbeing of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, this is not the case in the Global South/developing countries like Nigeria, Ghana, etc. This concept paper aims to describe the current state of Nigerian social workers' role in developing and implementing social programs for older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify action plans for further strengthening their involvement. We systematically reviewed the literature to identify Nigerian social workers' role in developing and implementing social programs for older adults during COVID-19. Our review reflected that social workers are rarely involved in developing and implementing social programs; when involved, their involvement is on a consultation basis, which limits their active involvement in multidisciplinary team of COVID-19 prevention and vaccination ad hoc committees in Nigeria.

Unlabelled: CONSTRUCT: In this study, we examine the differences in test performance between the paper-based and the computer-based version of the Berlin formative Progress Test. In this context it is the first study that allows controlling for students' prior performance., Background: Computer-based tests make possible a more efficient examination procedure for test administration and review. Although university staff will benefit largely from computer-based tests, the question arises if computer-based tests influence students' test performance., Approach: A total of 266 German students from the 9th and 10th semester of medicine (comparable with the 4th-year North American medical school schedule) participated in the study (paper = 132, computer = 134). The allocation of the test format was conducted as a randomized matched-pair design in which students were first sorted according to their prior test results. The organizational procedure, the examination conditions, the room, and seating arrangements, as well as the order of questions and answers, were identical in both groups., Results: The sociodemographic variables and pretest scores of both groups were comparable. The test results from the paper and computer versions did not differ. The groups remained within the allotted time, but students using the computer version (particularly the high performers) needed significantly less time to complete the test. In addition, we found significant differences in guessing behavior. Low performers using the computer version guess significantly more than low-performing students in the paper-pencil version., Conclusions: Participants in computer-based tests are not at a disadvantage in terms of their test results. The computer-based test required less processing time. The reason for the longer processing time when using the paper-pencil version might be due to the time needed to write the answer down, controlling for transferring the answer correctly. It is still not known why students using the computer version (particularly low-performing students) guess at a higher rate. Further studies are necessary to understand this finding.

Sir Louis Francis Knuthsen (1869-1957), the physician who painstakingly listed almost all treatments known for obstinate hiccough, ascribes the holding of breath method to Philip Henry Pye-Smith, FRS (1840-1914), consultant at Guy's Hospital in London. In fact, the strategy is much older and was mentioned by greats such as Francis Bacon (1561-1626), Aristoteles (384-322 BC), and Eryximachus (late-fifth century bce). Hypoventilation to reduce central nervous system excitability was used in antiquity as evidenced by Cyriacus' treatment of Artemia, the daughter of Emperor Diocletian (≈ 244-311). She was suffering from (among others) seizures that Cyriacus was apparently controlling by tightening a scarf around her neck, as depicted by Mathias Grünewald (1460-1528) on a wing of the so-called Heller Altar now on display at the Historical Museum, Frankfurt, Germany. In modern times, around 1920, inducing hypercapnia by CO 2 inhalation as therapy for hiccups was suggested and tried by a number of anesthetists, such as Americans Russel Firth Sheldon (1885-1960) and Brian Collins Sword (1889-1956) in Boston; Briton Christopher Langton Hewer (1896-1986) at St. Bartholomew's Hospital in London; Austrian Karl Doppler (1887-1947) in Vienna; and the German/Polish Arthur Dzialoszynski (1893-1977) in Berlin. Although various authors assign the scientific primate to any of them, the first mention of carbon dioxide inhalation as treatment of singultus in the scientific literature is of French origin and was made by Paris pharmacist Henri Bocquillon-Limousin (1856-1917) in his 1892 Formulaire des médicaments nouveaux et des médications nouvelles .

This paper addresses the subject of letters to the editor as one of the longest standing forums for public discussion and debate by ordinary citizens. To show how the voice of ordinary citizens is presented in letters to the editor during national election campaigns over a period of ten years (2008, 2013 & 2017), we are focusing on the Austrian Kronen Zeitung: A newspaper with an exceptionally high market share of up to 40% during the examination period, a heavy focus on the letters section with three pages per day, and a self-declared willingness to take a stance, especially during election periods. Based on a quantitative content analysis of 530 letters to the editor and 525 articles in the politics section as well as survey data from the Austrian national election study on the political positions of the Kronen Zeitung's readers, we find that letters to the editor in the Kronen Zeitung do not reflect, but complement the articles in the politics section. The tone of the letters is more negative than that of news articles, but the letters closely reflect the readers' political positions, therefore offering identification with the paper., (© 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.)

Wilder Penfield is justly famous for his contributions to our understanding of epilepsy and of the structure-function relationship of the brain. His theory on the relationship of the brain and mind is less well known. Based on the effects of the electrical stimulation of the cortex in conscious patients, Penfield believed that consciousness and mind are functions of what he referred to as the centrencephalic integrating system. This functional system comprised bidirectional pathways between the upper brainstem, the thalami, and the cerebral cortex of both hemispheres, and was the physical substrate from which memory, perception, initiative, will, and judgment arose. It was the source of the stream of consciousness and the physical basis of mind. This paper reviews how Penfield arrived at this conception of the mind-brain relationship. Although Penfield ultimately felt that he had failed in his attempt to unify brain and mind, his work shed new light on the relationship of memory to the mesial temporal structures and to the temporal cortex; and his association of consciousness and the brainstem preceded the conceptualization of the reticular activating system by a generation. In these, as in so many aspects of neurobiology, Penfield was prescient.

Hypersexuality is a problematic behavior characterized by the combination of an excessive sexual desire and the pathological inability to control it. This study presents the psychometric properties of the Spanish paper-and-pencil and online versions of the Hypersexual Behavior Inventory (HBI), one of the most popular scales to assess this issue. A total of 2,250 participants (1,070 men) completed a translated version of the HBI (1,450 in paper-and-pencil; 800 online). The exploratory factor analysis yielded three factors that explained 67.53% of total variance for the HBI paper-and-pencil version. This factor structure was confirmed in the HBI online version through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Factorial, structural, scalar and error variance-invariance according to gender was also confirmed through multigroup CFA. Reliability of the total score and subscales ranged between .89 and .96. Likewise, correlations with other related scales were positive and significant ( r between .511 and .743). Temporal stability one year after the first application was .77 (paper-and-pencil format) and .68 (online version). These results support the reliability and validity of the HBI and justify its use in the assessment of hypersexuality in Spanish-speaking countries.

The authors sought to explore the implications of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act's establishment of Accountable Care Organizations (ACO). Summit participants, who discussed best practices and issues to be addressed when designing and implementing ACOs. Healthcare leaders from across the country in charge of running, developing, and/or implementing ACOs for health systems. Participants were asked to consider the challenges, benefits, and strategies to ACO implementation.

Reference departments track patron interactions to illustrate the type and number of services provided as well as to tailor librarians' time and expertise to the interest and needs of their patrons. Until 2010 the Reference, Education, and Community Engagement Department at the Calder Memorial Library tracked statistics using a complicated system of paper tic sheets and two Excel™ spreadsheets. After considering different electronic systems, the department decided to employ an electronic form created with SurveyMonkey™ to track patron interactions. After the system had been in place for three months, the authors administered a satisfaction and use survey to collect faculty and staff feedback on the new system. Seven months later the authors undertook usability testing to collect further evaluative data on the electronic form. The patron interaction form continues to be used to collect statistics, provide data for annual reviews, and recognize the contributions of all faculty and staff at the library.

The International Council on Women's Health Issues (ICOWHI) is an international nonprofit association dedicated to the goal of promoting health, health care, and well-being of women and girls throughout the world through participation, empowerment, advocacy, education, and research. We are a multidisciplinary network of women's health providers, planners, and advocates from all over the globe. We constitute an international professional and lay network of those committed to improving women and girl's health and quality of life. This document provides a description of our organization mission, vision, and commitment to improving the health and well-being of women and girls globally.

HIV disproportionately affects women in developing countries, especially in Southern Africa. Women thus stand to benefit most from a successful HIV vaccine and must participate in trials to test appropriate, gender-specific products. Several HIV vaccine efforts are currently underway in Africa. Participation in HIV vaccine trials requires that participants not only understand the complex nature of trial procedures, but that they also have autonomous decisional capacity to enroll. Given that the risk factors inherent in women's greater vulnerability constitute an intricate mix of biological, economic and social variables, will women's very vulnerability to HIV be an obstacle to ethical participation in vaccine development? This paper addresses some of the challenges underlying the successful recruitment of women into vaccine research and makes research and policy recommendations for the ethical inclusion of women in HIV vaccine trials in Africa.

The present study aimed at validating a computerized mental rotation task developed for use in functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) studies. Eighty-three females and 74 males completed the computerized task, two pencil-and-paper tests of mental rotation, and reported their high school grades in mathematics, English, and history. The computerized task involved the presentation of pairs of three-dimensional stimuli that differed in orientation by 0, 40, 80, 120, or 160 degrees. Results showed significant gender differences in favor of males in the three main tasks, although gender interacted with angle of rotation in the computerized task. Evidence for concurrent validity was obtained in the form of significant correlations between performance on tasks relevant to mental rotation (paper and pencil tests and mathematics grades), whereas discriminant validity was demonstrated by a lack of correlation with tasks deemed irrelevant to mental rotation (English and history grades). These findings support the use of our computerized mental rotation task as a valid measure of mental rotation abilities in fMRI studies.

The contributors to this discussion were invited to submit comments, each from a different standpoint, on the paper by John Caldwell and Thomas Schindlmayr that appeared in the preceding issue of the journal. The invitation was issued with the approval of these authors, and the journal is grateful to them for allowing their paper to be used to generate debate on the issues they had raised. The discussion is followed by the authors' response to it.

Interest in the neuropsychology and neuropsychiatry of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) has escalated in the past decade, as evidenced by the accompanying 10 special topic papers from research groups in the UK, France, North America and Australia addressing a wide range of theoretical and clinical issues. The first part of this review deals with the confusing terminologies that have been used in the area and argues for the retention of the term FTD as the general clinical label, with further subcategorization into the three principal clinical syndromes seen at presentation: frontal variant FTD (often called dementia of frontal type), semantic dementia and progressive non-fluent aphasia. Each of these syndromes has a characteristic profile of presenting clinical features, but may be accompanied by any one of five types of non-Alzheimer pathological change. There have also been significant advances in the genetics of FTD with the identification of tau gene mutations on chromosome 17 in some familial cases. The remarkable story of the discovery of these, the tau gene mutations, is briefly described. Part II of this review (Hodges and Miller, 2001) sets the special issue papers within the context of advances in the neuropsychology of frontal variant FTD and semantic dementia.

The second part of this review, which accompanies 10 special topic articles dedicated to frontotemporal dementia (FTD), describes some of the advances in understanding frontal variant FTD (fvFTD) and semantic dementia, and the theoretical insights gained into normal cognitive processes from the study of these syndromes. Recent work has clarified the neuropsychiatric features that distinguish fvFTD from Alzheimer's and has begun to spread light on the underlying deficits in social judgement, theory of mind, processing of emotional stimuli and decision making. With regard to central aspects of cognitive processing, such as memory, patients with fvFTD may have a distinctive profile of performance on tests of explicit and implicit memory, and contrary to current views some patients may even have a severe amnesic syndrome. There is also growing evidence that despite relatively well preserved general language skills, patients with fvFTD have particular problems with verb processing. Although there is agreement regarding the key features of semantic dementia, much controversy has surrounded the issue of whether the cognitive findings favour an explanation in terms of progressive breakdown of a central amodal semantic store or differential involvement of verbal and non-verbal systems. Other topics discussed include the impact of semantic breakdown on phonological processes and episodic memory. We also review recent structural and functional neuroimaging findings in semantic dementia.

Unlabelled: CONSTRUCT: The study compares paper and online ratings of instructional units and analyses, with the G-study using the symmetry principle, the response rates needed to ensure acceptable precision of the measure when compliance is low., Background: Students' ratings of teaching contribute to the quality of medical training programs. To date, many schools have replaced pen-and-paper questionnaires with electronic forms, despite the lower response rates consistently reported with the latter. Few available studies have examined the effects of low response rates on the reliability and precision of the evaluation measure. Moreover, the minimum number of raters to target when response rates are low remains unclear., Approach: Descriptive data were derived from 799 students' paper and online ratings of 11 preclinical instructional units (PIUs). Reliability was assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficients. The generalizability method applying the symmetry principle approach was used to analyze the precision of the measure with a reference standard error of mean (SEM) set at 0.10; optimization models were built to estimate minimum response rates., Results: Overall, response rates were 74% and 30% (p < .001) and PIUs ratings were 3.8 ± 0.5 and 3.6 ± 0.5 (p = .02), respectively in paper and online questionnaires. Higher SEM levels and significantly larger 95% confidence intervals of PIUs rating scores were observed with online evaluations. To keep the SEM within preset limits of precision, a minimum of 48% response rate was estimated for online formats., Conclusions: The proposed generalizability analysis allowed estimating the minimum response needed to maintain acceptable precision in online evaluations. The effects of response rates on accuracy are discussed.

Abstract At the present time there are very few populations, whose members do not practise contraception at all, or only to a very limited extent, and for whom accurate data on nuptiality and fertility exist. Among populations of European residence or origin, there are only a few groups who reject any limitation of families for religious reasons. One of these, the Hutterites, has already been studied; the other, the Old Order Amish, is studied in Ericksen's papers, and my preceding remarks point to the importance of this study.

Abstract All typing, including footnotes, references, extracts and quotations to be double-spaced and on one side of the paper which should preferably be A4 in size.