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Fatalism has been a central framework for understanding the psychological processes in cultures with pronounced collectivism that are economically poorly developed. In this context, fatalism emerges as cognitive schema defined by passive and submissive acceptance of an irremediable destiny, governed by some natural force or the will of some God. This image has now lost such a clear profile. But currently, fatalism also accompanies the life of people from individualist cultures, who live in a highly developed, or even opulent, economic context. In this case, fatalism is like some mood of uncertainty, insecurity, and helplessness following the events that characterize the society of global risk. In this paper, we propose a theory to develop the two faces of fatalism.

In this paper the main question is about the health complete interpretation. It is an epistemological discussion. It starts with the obstacles in the comprehension from several sciences (i.e. phisiology, epidemiology, and sociology) about the health as a social and collective problem. The point is how to do the research and the conceptual interpretation. Finally, the authors explain theirs point of view: the most important is the nature and specificity of the objet health. Not view disciplinary. They show a model to understand the analysis of the health from the social sciences perspective.

In this paper, the author describes the jump of paradigm in Human Sciences the conceptual model introduced by G. Bateson implies inasmuch as it shifts emphasis from the analysis of facts to formal organization of reality, and defines 'mental' as a concept which comprehends an organism with relation to its surroundings. The author reviews the main ideas Bateson extracted from both the systems theory and cybernetics in order to outline his 'ecology of human mind'. The complexity of psychosocial processes, however, requires no such mechanical models--i.e. 'less mechanical' ones--to explain time as a continuum in which changes in human systems occur, for instance. Thus, systems dynamics and recursivity models including a multiplicity of feedback loops contribute with some useful constructs. Finally, some ideas developed within 'hard sciences', applied to Social Sciences to integrate the complexity of the goals are also discussed.