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The Aim: To evaluate the effect of acute administration of dophamine on systemic hemodynamic, renal function and control ascities in patients with cirrhosis., Materials and Methods: 51 patients with cirrhosis with normal serum Cr (mean age 54 +/- 3,0, males 90,3%, females 9,7%) were studied. All patients were measured of urine volume, sodium excretion, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), 24h blood pressure monitoring (BP) before and after dophamine intfavenous introduction (2-3 mkg/kg/min during 4 hours). Using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, a increase of GFR < 5% was the best value to predict refractor ascities (increase GFR > or = 10-15% is normal, GFR <6-9% - is initial sing of interglomerule's hypertension)., Results: 25 patients (48,5%) had a significant increase a urine volume (p = 0,03), sodium excretion (p = 0,04), GFR (by > or = 10%, p = 0,035), mean artery pressure (p = 0,01) after dophamine introduction. This group had a lower risk of developing refractor ascites (p = 0,001). 20 (30,9%) patients (9 patients - class B Child-Pugh, 8 patients - class C Child-Pugh) had demonstrated a authentic increase a urine volume and mean artery pressure, but low increase GFR (by < 6-9%, p = 0,05). GFR < 5% was in 6 (11,6%) patients (2 pts - class B Child-Pugh, 4 pts - class C Child-Pugh) and urine volume did not change, that means high risk of development of a refractory ascites in the given group., Conclusions: The acute hemodynamic response to dophamine can be used to predict current of ascites and the risk of refractory ascites.

The paper provides critical analysis of the article "Correlated analysis of radiologic criteria's referred to central degenerative spinal canal stenosis and intensity of clinical implications". Critical analysis was carried out by the 5-step evidence cycle. First step is supposed to formulate primary goal of the research and identify its type. This investigation belongs to prognostic studying of certain patient's characteristics and their impact on the state of disease and the treatment outcome. According to Oxford evidence based center of medicine gradation, this study is attributed to level IV (clinical series). Analysis performed allowed to state that investigation sampling might be considered as representative, but nonhomogeneous. Absence of blind evaluation of the treatment results could alter treatment outcomes when compared by two different scales. Multifactor analysis was not held in the present study. Analyzed investigation has low methodological level, however, it has no major disadvantages. Statistical significance between various factors and clinical effect can be achieved when study is based upon database analysis of many patients, which however cannot be managed by efforts of a single medical institution. Organizing investigations by registration treatment outcomes with follow up evaluation nationwide could be a problem solution. In particular, vertebrological register might be a very useful tool for development prognostic risk scales and predictive models in degenerative spine disease surgery.

The cytological state of nasal and oral mucosae in the children and adolescents living in the town of Koryazhma was evaluated at the schools located differently from the Kotlas pulp-and-paper mill (PPM). All the Kozyazhma children under examination were found to have an increased epithelocytic alteration index, which is likely to suggest cytotoxic exposure, which was shown to a greater extent with the duration of residence at the school more adjacent to the PPM. The first-form pupils from the school locates more closely to the PPM were found to showed a higher index of natural microflora colonization with buccal epitheliocytes and a trend for an increase in the epitheliocytic differentiation coefficient characterizing the high incidence of diseases.

The article reviews the papers presented at the XVI World Congress of the UIP (Union Internationale de Phlebologie) held in August-September 2009. The main trends in the Congress's work touched upon the problems related to employing the techniques of thermal ablation and scleroobliteration in varicose disease, prevention and management of venous thromboses, novel studies research on compression therapy. The plenary meetings initiated working out evidence-based guidelines on proper management of patients suffering from lymphoedema and venous malformations. Also reviewed herein are some Russian reports presented at the forum.

Possibility to use blood dried on filter paper for serological testing on antibodies to tick-borne encephalitis (TBE). Sensitivity and specificity of specific IgM detection in dry stains of blood by lanthanide fluorescence immunoassay was 94.9% (86.9-100%) and 97.5% (94-100%) respectively, compared with results obtained in tests of sera. Agreement in positive and negative results of tests for IgM against TBE in 562 serum samples and dry blood stains was 95.3%. During analysis of both types of biomaterial high degree of correlation was observed between intensity of fluorescence when testing for both IgM (r=0.86700; p=0.05; n=562), and IgG (r=0.83883; p=0.05; n=337) toTBE virus. Use of this mildly invasive technique of blood draw is reasonable during conduction of large-scale population studies for seroepidemiologic monitoring, investigation of disease outbreaks, control of effectiveness of vaccination against TBE, assessing of level of specific immunity in population of endemic regions, control of treatment, and serologic diagnostics of acute TBE in hospitalized patients, in which blood draw is difficult to perform.

It is established that the basis of theoretical background on etiological and pathogenetic aspects of joint diseases have been made in connection with an ancient doctrine of elements, basic qualities, joint fluid and mizadj. Pathological process in a joint is associated with quantitative-qualitative changes of structure of joint fluid and its penetration into the joint with subsequent change of mizadj. The doctrine about mizadj is the main idea of Avicenna on health and illness and also the basis of signs of all system of human being, which are significant during diagnostics. The study of reasons and mechanisms of illnesses of the locomotor system against Avicenna's positions will throw light, for sure, on many unresolved problems of modern arthroloogy.

Abu Ali Ibn Sino (980-1037) is worldwide known in medical history as Avicenna. In general, Avicenna's papers are filled with humanistic ideas. It is, first of all, a successful attempt of the development of spiritual and moral foundation of medicine, or using modern words, bioethics. The book "canon of physician sciences" written by Avicenna, represents plenty of humanistic ideas: the subject is not only person herself/himself but her/his lifestyle in all variety of cultural, legal, religious and others sides of the life. Necessity of such approach is dictated, in particular, that bioethics anew revives in physicians deontological approach to people.

The arguments by Pavlinov against my critical analysis of the concept of the "phylogenetic presumptions" proposed by Rasnitsyn are briefly discussed. It is proved that these arguments are invalid because they are based on the substitution of terms. Instead of the term "phylogenetic presumption" introduced by Rasnitsyn just as an analogue of the presumption of innocence in jurisprudence, Pavlinov considers the presumption in the wider understanding, i.e. as a "preliminary statement".

Under brief consideration is the uses of presumptions, as a kind of a priori judgments, in phylogenetics in light of their critics by Pesenko (2005). It is shown that the concept of presumption is fully compatible with the hypothetic-deductive argumentation scheme allowing to realize the parsimony principle in its epistemic interpretation. System of phylogenetic presumptions deserves future development in the framework of construing phylogenetics as a kind of the informal axiomatics.

Under brief consideration is the problem of primary or secondary status of the judgments about taxa relative to the judgments about characters in the biological classifications. The following formal definition of taxonomic system (classification) TS is provided: TS = BT[T, C(t), R(t), R(c), R(tc)], where BT is a biological theory constituting content-wise background of the system, T is a set of taxa, C(t) is a set of taxonomic characters, R(t) is a set of relationships among taxa (similarity, kinship, etc.), R(c) is a set of relationships among characters (homology, etc.), and R(tc) is a set of correspondences among taxa and characters. The latter correspondences may be complete or incomplete. At ontological level, there two basical traditions exist in biological systematics regarding R(tc) according to which the biological diversity is patterned either as a set of groups of organisms (taxa) or as a set of their properties (characters). In the first case, taxon is "primary" relative to character (in cladistics); in its opposite, character is "primary" relative to taxon (in scholasticism, classical typology, classical phylogenetics). At epistemological level, incompleteness of the taxon-character correspondence makes classificatory procedure iterative and taxonomic diagnoses context-dependent. The interative nature of classificatory procedure makes the "primary" or "secondary" status of both taxa and characters relative and alternating. This makes it necessary to introduces a kind of uncertainty relation in biological systematics which means impossibility of simultaneous definition of both extensional and intentional parameters of the taxonomic system at each step of classificatory iterations.