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Methodological recommendations for plasma viscosimetry using different paper and polymer filters were elaborated. Standardization of the filters with crystalloid solutions was established to be advisable before plasma viscosity investigation. The viscosimetric characteristics of soviet and foreign filters were compared during work with donor's plasma. As a clinical trial of the method measurements were made of plasma viscosity in patients with virus hepatitis A, who were diagnosed to have the plasma hyperviscosity syndrome. It is recommended that during plasma (serum) viscosimetry, one should employ metal clamps for filters (prolongs) and filters with pores measuring over 0.65 micron in diameter.

The paper highlights the research of A. S. Serebrovsky in chicken genetics, including gene mapping and inheritance of morphological traits. Genetic formulas for several breeds are presented. The data of genetic surveys for local chicken populations from 23 regions of the former Soviet Union are also reviewed. The personal data of the authors on the morphotypological characteristics of different chicken breeds are given and discussed.

The paper describes life and works of professor V.F. Voyno-Yaseneckiy (Holy Hierarch Lucas). Surgeon and Archibishop, he was officially glorified by the Patriarchate of Russia. Voyno-Yaseneckiy's early works represent the guidelines for regional anesthesia and his, Notes on Purulent Surgery, published in 1934 lad the foundation for an entire medical specialty.

The paper sums up the information on radiation incidents at the former USSR territory, which incidents are related to the human exposure of clinically significant effects. Within more than 60 years (since 1949), at least 356 radiation incidents accompanied by the clinically significant human exposure have happened at the former USSR territory, which has resulted to clinically significant health effects in 765 victims. This exposed cohort includes 348 acute radiation sickness (ARS) patients including cases aggravated by local radiation injuries (LRI). 407 victims were affected by local radiation injuries only. Totally, 71 radiation induced fatalities were observed within first 3-4 months after the irradiation. The maximum adverse effects as a result of accidental exposure of radiation incidents in the former USSR territory, had a place for professional workers whose work is associated with sources of ionizing

The article is devoted to the 110th anniversary of outstanding surgeon, scientist and educator, academician of the USSR Ivan Stepanovich Kolesnikov. During the Great Patriotic War--he was an army surgeon on the Central Front, and then--in Leningrad. As one of the pioneers of thoracic surgery, the first in the Soviet Union began to apply the resection of pulmonary tuberculosis, cancer, and acute and chronic suppurative diseases of the lung and pleura, reflecting the experience of more than 4,000 thousand operations in numerous monographs and published in 1960, major work, "Resection lights". On his initiative in 1961 was the first in the Soviet Union an independent chair of the thermal lesions, and in 1964--the country's first intensive care unit and intensive care. He published over 200 papers on topical issues of surgery, including 28 monographs. Under his leadership were trained 25 Ph.D. and 43 master's theses.

The paper historically considers the impact of social differentiation on the physical development of children and adolescents. It analyzes the scientific contribution of Prof. Lev Abramovich Syrkin (1894-1951) to the formation and development of a system for anthropometric studies in Russia in the first half of the twentieth century (1920s to 1950s), to the elaboration of principles in the standardization of tools, and to the unification of anthropometric studies and standards for the physical development of preschool and school children.

The paper describes and analyzes the initial period in the formation of cardiac resuscitation service at the A. N. Bakulev Research Center of Cardiovascular Surgery, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, from the first heart operation performed in the USSR to the setting up of the resuscitation-anesthesiology department. On September 24, 1948, A. N. Bakulev was the first in the USSR to make an operation for congenital heart disease, the successful outcome of which predetermined anesthetic maintenance and antishock measures as well. On May 1959, the Institute of Thoracic Surgery, U.S.S.R. Academy of Medical Sciences, began performing heart operations under extracorporeal circulation. The number of postoperative complications has increased due to the higher severity of diseases and the complexity of open heart surgery. This has made the rehabilitative period require that vital function recovery specialists should participate more frequently (Smirenskaya Ye. M.), which ultimately give birth to a resuscitation department in January 1967 (Levant A. D.) and its transformation to a resuscitation-anesthesiology department on October 31, 1973 (Malyshev V. D.).

Professor Vladimir Pavlovich Efroimson is one of the most prominent Russian geneticists, a former student of N.K. Kolt'tsov, who was among the geneticists that had to struggle against the presecution of genetics in the Soviet Union. Efroimson has discovered the formula of mutation rate in human (1932). He was a laeding specialist in genetics and breeding of silkworm and defended his condidate (1941) and doctoral (1947) dissertations on the subiect. He wrote the first Russian monograph on genetics The Introduction to Medical Genetics (1964)--the book that triddered the revival of human genetics in the Soviet Union. Efroimson was a veteran of the World War II, he fought in the army in 1941 through 1945 and was awarded military decorations. He was presecuted two times in 1932 ans 1949. Efroimson spent 10 years in Gulag and for 25 years was banned from scientific work. He was the autor of three monographs and over 100 scientific papers and the editor of many books on different issues of genetics. Efroimson entered the annals of Russian science as an outstsnding researcher, but also as an inblinking fighter for the truth, an uncompromising opponent of antiscientific directions in biology, an ardent advocate of genetics and the moral standart of a true scientist.

This paper reviews the basic results of the scientific investigations of Orenburg scientific histological school which was founded by Prof. F.M. Lazarenko, on the problems of morphogenesis and regeneration, starting from the thirties of XX century till present time. The contribution of F.M. Lazarenko, Z.S. Khlystova, A.A. Stadnikov and other Orenburg scientists to the development of the problems of morphogenesis and regeneration is demonstrated.

The paper shows the research directions of the staff of the laboratory of pathomorphology and electron microscopy, which cover the period from 1924 to the present time, which can be conventionally divided into 4 stages associated with the leading role of the laboratory's heads: Prof. V.G. Shtefko (1924-1945), Prof. V.I. Puzik (1945-1974), Prof. O.A. Uvarova (1974-1980), and Prof. V.V. Yerokhin (1980 up to the present time). The laboratory's researches are the productive path of phthisiomorphology. The tasks of the laboratory have been associated with the problems to be solved by the institute. This applies the morphology, pathogenesis, classification of tuberculosis, and changes in inflammatory reactions in response to the altered Mycobacterium tuberculosis and to specific and pathogenetic actions on tuberculosis. New living conditions give the laboratory's researchers new tasks that require their solution at a new technological level.

Academician P.V. Simonov is known, first of all, as the founder of "Information theory of requirements and behaviour". He was the first, who declared that requirements are the main original source of behaviour's activity, evolution's regulator, the origin of creation and motive power of individual and collective actions of human beings and animals. In our paper we analyze some positions of Simonov's conception about "agoists" and "altruists", which has the grate practical value and are very actual today.

The paper analyzes some experience in treating 203 victims with crush syndrome (CS). The victims' status is determined by the force and time of compression, the degree and magnitude of destructive muscular changes, accompanying by lesions and occurring complications. Varying renal dysfunction was revealed in 97 (47.8%) patients, 55 (27%) patients developed mild and severe acute renal failure (ARF) and 38 (18.7%) patients had mild AFR. Renal dysfunction was not detected in 106 (52.2%) patients. The development of severe AFR in CS is a marker of the severity of injury, the body's response to injury and shock; it dictates the tactics of intensive therapy using extracorporeal techniques of detoxification and active or delayed surgical removal of necrotic muscles, which permits prevention of prolonged severe endotoxication and pyoseptic and vital complications. Two-three-week persistent unremoved foci of muscle necrosis and endotoxicosis exhaust the body's adaptive mechanisms, cause severe dysfunction of other organs and systems, promote delayed renal function recovery and ARF resolution.

In this paper is presented briefly the principle stages of researches, conducted in that laboratory during 1930 - 2005 years.

The medical-and-demographic processes as a starting point for the planning of means and resources for the short- and average-term future are forecasted in the paper on the basis of long-term peculiarities of the natural-science data and with respect for the social-and-economic crisis now underway in the country.