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The paper explores the contributions of Roger Bastide (1898-1974) to the field of insanity and mental illness, revisiting his work in social psychiatry, psychoanalysis, psychology and, sociology of mental disorder. It highlights the interdisciplinary nature that marks Bastide's works, that also include religion, art, literature. The paper presents biographical data and highlights the importance of Bastide to the field of sociology of health/illness. The analysis situates Bastide's work at the time of its development, comparing it with the development of the sociology of mental illness today.The paper explores the contributions of Roger Bastide (1898-1974) to the field of insanity and mental illness, revisiting his work in social psychiatry, psychoanalysis, psychology and, sociology of mental disorder. It highlights the interdisciplinary nature that marks Bastide's works, that also include religion, art, literature. The paper presents biographical data and highlights the importance of Bastide to the field of sociology of health/illness. The analysis situates Bastide's work at the time of its development, comparing it with the development of the sociology of mental illness today.

This article discusses the cardiovascular protection afforded by low to moderate consumption of ethanol and the role of ethanol-induced preconditioning. Ethanol, a compound that is found in many popular beverages, has a whole range of cardiovascular protective effects when consumed in low to moderate doses. Although they have yet to be totally clarified, recent data suggest that a combination of several actions at the biochemical and molecular levels play a role in this protection. These include favorable changes in lipid metabolism, antioxidant effects, changes in hemostasis and platelet aggregation, arterial vasodilation mediated by NO release, induction of the expression of cardioprotective proteins, insulin sensitization and lower levels of inflammatory markers. Special emphasis will be given to ethanol-induced preconditioning. Some of the compounds present in red and white wine, such as resveratrol and quercetin, are also partly responsible for some of the cardioprotective effects of alcoholic drinks. These are due to antioxidant effects and changes in platelet aggregation, endothelial function and inflammatory response. The last part of the paper will focus on the clinical applications and possibilities raised by these new findings.

This paper analyzes the answer given by Pasteur to those who defended the spontaneous generation theory and evaluates the impact these arguments had on the history of public hygiene. Because of that, the article emphasizes transmission of germs, rather than the origin of life, which has been quite analyzed. It also discusses the criticism Pasteur made to naturalists' arguments and tries to show that it is possible to say there is a certain continuity between the air-related concerns on the part of classic hygienists, most of which infectionists, and Pasteur's concern with germs spread in the air.

This paper traces the influence of F. W. Taylor and H. Fayol in the scientific output of brazilian nursing from 1930 to 1980. The scientific output of brazilian nursing is reviewed, looking for work based upon the Scientific and Classical Schools of Administration. The author executes a bibliographic survey based upon two periodicals: Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem and Revista Paulista de Hospitais. A total of 68 articles were selected and studied. Findings have shown that Taylor/Fayol had and still have an important influence on the theoretic foundation of nursing output. The central theme of the texts centers upon "Studies on the Organization of Hospital Nursing Services", and "Time and Motion Studies concerning Nursing Techniques and Activities:. The central preoccupation in these texts refers to productivity and rationality of work, regardless of the fact that the organization of health and nursing work is a human task, referring to the satisfaction of health needs.