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The article examines the idea of Europe conceived by Stefan Zweig and Hermann Ullmann in the similarly titled books about Brazil written in the late 1930s and early 1940s. In the political context between the great wars marked by the rise of Nazism, the question is posed regarding to what extent Europe continues to serve as a model of civilization and what the critical dimension is that is expressed in concepts reversing the roles of Europe and Brazil. One detects a partial rupture with dichotomous and hierarchical viewpoints about the relationship between the Old World and the New World, and new forms of relationship between these regions within the worldwide context are suggested.

The scope of this study was to assess the literature on the characteristics of patients, physicians, and physician-patient relationships considered 'problematic.' An integrative review of primary studies published between January 1, 2016, and September 30, 2021, in Portuguese, English and Spanish was conducted, Of the 3,414 papers identified in the PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Lilacs databases, 19 were selected for qualitative analysis. Seven studies were carried out in Europe, eight in North America, two in South America and two in China, totaling 1,694 patients, 1,903 assistant physicians, 101 residents and 160 medical academics. Physicians and academics considered the following to be problematic: patients with clinical conditions such as psychosomatic and chronic illnesses; symptoms and complaints such as pain; powerful emotions; problems in obtaining and sharing information, in decision-making, in the adherence to the therapeutic plan and in their self-care; and some sociodemographic and vulnerability characteristics. Among other aspects, patients, or their relatives, considered physicians to be problematic when they did not listen to them or appear to care about their children, Teaching medical communication and systemic interventions are recommended to improve physician-patient relationships.

This theoretical essay discusses long-term care policies for dependent older adults. It aims to analyze the content and strategies that guided the formulation of the so-called "dependence policies" in some European states, seeking guidance to formulate actions related to the same issue in the Brazilian case. The knowledge bases are official documents and scientific papers analyzing the institutionalized proposals. The study shows that all the countries investigated included dependence policies within their social security system framework. Some offer total protection, while others only partial protection to older adults and family caregivers. However, older adults and their caregivers never fail to receive the care they need. In Brazil, some local experiences meet comprehensive care requirements. Initiatives of Belo Horizonte and São Paulo are narrated, and while important, they are not policies. They are successful cases that can evolve to increase social awareness or simply disappear as non-institutionalized experiences. The issue addressed in this paper is very relevant, due to the inexorable fact of the accelerated growth of the long-lived population, which requires care from others the most.

Candida auris was first described as a new species back in 2009. Although it differs markedly from other Candida species, this species can be misidentified as other yeasts in the routine microbiology laboratories. Therefore, its identification to species level should be confirmed by reference laboratories. Candida auris exhibits potential to cause invasive infections, and frequently shows a multidrugresistance pattern, and it is associated with high mortality rates. Outbreaks caused by Candida auris and associated with health care institutions have been reported in several countries around the world, including some European countries, such as the United Kingdom and Spain. In Portugal, to our knowledge, there are no known infections or colonization cases caused by Candida auris. This species can survive in the environment for several weeks and once introduced into the hospital environment, the risk of transmission is high, requiring strict infection control measures in order to prevent transmission. This paper intends to raise the awareness of the emergence of this fungal species, as well as to discuss the consequences of this situation.

This paper analyzes the processes of cultural transformation in Brazil resulting from European and Japanese immigrants, who brought cultural patterns and distinct identities and were transformed by interaction with the culture of the host country. Taking the example of the state of Paraná, the article offers a mosaic of cultures in transition through the study of micro-stories. It addresses the clash between Austro-Polish and Austro-Ukrainian immigrants with Botocudos Indians; the discourse of Alberto Frič on persecution against indigenous Brazilian Indians at the 16th International Congress of Americanists in Vienna; the colonization in northern Paraná by Europeans; Japanese immigration as an element of the "exotic other," as well as political conflicts in the pluriethnic colony of Rolândia.

Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest (COI) is used by biomedical journals to guarantee credibility and transparency of the scientific process. COI disclosure, however, is not systematically nor consistently dealt with by journals. Recent joint editorial efforts paved the way towards the implementation of uniform vehicles for COI disclosure. This paper provides a comprehensive editorial perspective on classical COI-related issues. New insights into current COI policies and practices among European Society of Cardiology national cardiovascular journals, as derived from a cross-sectional survey using a standardised questionnaire, are discussed.

The paper reports the results of a literature review on cesarean rates and models of childbirth care in different countries according to their utilization of technology. There were reviewed 60 studies published between 1999 and 2010 retrieved from the Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education (CAPES) and ProQuest databases. The Brazilian model of childbirth care relies on the physician-patient relationship, level of technology utilization and cesarean delivery.

Objective: The aim of the present paper was to report trends in Portuguese interventional cardiology from 1992 to 2003 and to compare these data with other European countries., Methods: Based on questionnaires distributed to and completed by Portuguese interventional cardiology centers we give an overview of the development of coronary interventions since 1992, when data were first collected. In 2003, 24,834 diagnostic catheterization procedures were performed, representing an increase of 315% in comparison to 1992. In 2003 the population-adjusted rate was 2483 coronary angiograms per million population. Coronary interventions increased by 1193% in comparison to 1992, with a total of 8465 procedures and a rate of coronary interventions of 848 per million population in 2003. Coronary stents were the most frequently used devices, with an increase from 53% in 1996 to 89% in 2003. The present rate of stent implantation in Portugal is similar to that in Europe and Spain, but the rate of use of drug-eluting stents in Portugal is one of the highest in Europe (55%). In 2003, multivessel percutaneous coronary interventions were performed in 24% of cases, with no significant increase during the last 10 years, and ad hoc interventions were performed in the course of diagnostic coronary angiography in 73 % of patients; glycoprotein IIb-IIIa inhibitors were used in 30% of procedures; percutaneous coronary interventions in patients with acute myocardial infarction accounted for 16% of all procedures; of the noncoronary interventions recorded, 49 percutaneous mitral valvuloplasties, 37 atrial septal defect closures and 15 patent foramen ovale closures were reported. The PCI rate per million population in Portugal was lower than the mean European rate (848 vs. 1194)., Conclusion: Interventional cardiology in Portugal and other European countries has been expanding since 1992. We would emphasize the high rate of reporting by laboratories, which enables the Registry to compile data that are highly representative of activity in Portugal since 1992.

Respiratory diseases are an important cause of morbidity and mortality and their importance is expected to increase in the near future. The Pneumology speciality in Portugal must accompany the natural evolution of Medicine and contribute to creating competent experts, adapted to new challenges within the European Community. Some changes are currently in the process of implementation, directed at improving the learning experience of future Pneumology specialists in order to obtain the Common Certificate of Pneumology. A survey related to the training in this speciality was conducted to ascertain the opinions and suggestions of Residents, Tutors and Directors of Pneumology departments in Portugal. This paper will present and discuss the results of this survey.

Objective: To analyse the prevalence studies of dementia from 1994 to 2000., Methods: The papers were searched on Medline and Lilacs and the inclusion criteria were: to be an original study, that estimated dementia prevalence and investigated community samples., Results: thirty-eight studies were evaluated from all continents. The mean age-specific prevalence rates of dementia were 1,17% for the 65-69 years group, and 54,83% over 95 years. The results were strongly influenced by age. Dementia prevalence rates were higher on women on 75% of the papers reviewed. The Alzheimer's disease/vascular dementia ratio was higher in South America and lower in Asia., Discussion: Methodological advances were found, specially regarding the homogeneity of diagnostic criteria. The effect of age on the rates of dementia prevalence was pronounced, up to 90 years of age.

The interpretative theories of the health-illness process that can be identified through History have as consequence intervention projects upon the reality, in response to social needs. Until the 19 century, they could be synthesized in two main streams: ontologic and dynamic. In the ontologic conception, illness assumes the character of a natural or supernatural entity, external to the human body, that shows itself when invading it. The dynamic conception sees illness as a product of the disharmony among vital forces, and the re-establishment of the health comes of the restoration of this balance. At the end of the 18 century, the social-environmental paradigms prevailed in Europe as forms of explanation for human illness, linked to the dynamic conception, and the first evidences of the social determination of the health-illness process were formulated. The onset of the Bacteriologic Era made the ontologic conception victorious and its conquests led to the abandon of the social approaches to face the populations health problems. At the present time, one can identify the prevalence of the multicausal theory, with emphasis in the individual conditionings. This paper proposes the articulation of the individual and collective dimensions of the health-illness process, in consonance with the Theory of Nursing Praxical Intervention in Collective Health.