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Scope: Postpartum depression and cognitive impairment are the common complications of prenatal obesity. Stevioside is a non-nutritive natural sweetener with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. However, its effects on depression behaviors and cognitive impairment induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) remain unclear., Methods and Results: An 8-week HFD is used to establish a prenatal obesity model in female C57BL/6J mice to explore the improvement effects of stevioside (0.5 mg mL -1 in drinking water) on maternal depression and cognitive dysfunction after weaning. The results demonstrated that stevioside improves behavioral performance of obese maternal mice, and inhibits neuronal damage and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) abnormality induced by HFD. In addition, stevioside inhibits oxidative stress by reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) and increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) activities in the brains of obese maternal mice. Additionally, stevioside improves gut barrier integrity and prevented lipopolysaccharide (LPS) extravasation, and alleviates neuroinflammation. Correlation analysis shows that gut barrier and serum LPS are closely related to behavioral performance and brain biochemical indicators., Conclusion: Stevioside is capable to prevent prenatal obesity-induced cognitive and mood disorders by restoring intestinal barrier damage and inhibiting inflammation., (© 2023 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Gut fungi are important parts of intestinal microbes. Dietary ingredients have the potential to regulate the structure of gut fungi in different directions and modulate mycobiome composition by changing dietary patterns, which have been applied to neurological disorders. Emerging pieces of evidence have revealed the regulatory functions of gut mycobiome in gastrointestinal diseases, but the relationships between gut fungi and functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are ignored in the past. This review discusses the impact of dietary nutrients and patterns on mycobiome, and the possible ways in which gut fungi are involved in the pathogenesis of FGIDs. Besides affecting host immunity, intestinal fungi can be involved in the pathogenesis of FGIDs by endosymbiosis or bidirectional regulation with gut bacteria as well. In addition, the Mediterranean diet may be the most appropriate dietary pattern for subjects with FGIDs. A full understanding of these associations may have important implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of FGIDs., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Scope: The differences between the baseline gut microbiota of patients who developed type 2 diabetes (T2D) consuming a low-fat (LF) or a Mediterranean (Med) diet are explored and risk scores are developed to predict the individual risk of developing T2D associated with the consumption of LF or Med diet., Methods and Results: All the patients from the CORDIOPREV study without T2D at baseline (n = 462) whose fecal sample are available, are included. Gut microbiota is analyzed by 16S sequencing and the risk of T2D after a median follow-up of 60 months assessed by Cox analysis. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis shows a different baseline gut microbiota in patients who developed T2D consuming LF and Med diets. A higher abundance of Paraprevotella, and lower Gammaproteobacteria and B. uniformis are associated with T2D risk when an LF diet is consumed. In contrast, higher abundances of Saccharibacteria, Betaproteobacteria, and Prevotella are associated with T2D risk when a Med diet is consumed., Conclusion: The results suggest that different interactions between the microbiome and dietary patterns may partially determine the risk of T2D development, which may be used for selecting personalized dietary models to prevent T2D., (© 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)