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The first domestic recorder with UV-sensitive, directly developed paper is described. It records both slow and fast physiological processes in eight operating modes, and meets the requirements of medical theory and practice.

Mechanic emission is an effect observed in dissipation of mechanical energy due to mechanochemical reactions and electrophysic processes at tension, deformation or friction of blood samples dried on the chromatographic paper. The effect is accompanied by electron emission and electromagnetic radiation. The physical principles of mechanic emission were technically realized while developing and designing a microcomputer approximate analyzer (MPA) for spectral analysis of blood mechanic emission when it was recorded in the optical, electric, and radio channels of information conversion. The arrangement of MPA and analytical methods for its technical parameters are given in the paper. MPA may be useful in supplementary non-invasive differential diagnosis of cancer and inflammatory diseases, as well as in the solution of some diagnostic goals of radiology and cardiology.

Methodological recommendations for plasma viscosimetry using different paper and polymer filters were elaborated. Standardization of the filters with crystalloid solutions was established to be advisable before plasma viscosity investigation. The viscosimetric characteristics of soviet and foreign filters were compared during work with donor's plasma. As a clinical trial of the method measurements were made of plasma viscosity in patients with virus hepatitis A, who were diagnosed to have the plasma hyperviscosity syndrome. It is recommended that during plasma (serum) viscosimetry, one should employ metal clamps for filters (prolongs) and filters with pores measuring over 0.65 micron in diameter.

The complicated situation in pediatric healthcare and long-term negative trends observed in the health of children predetermined the necessity of introducing automated units built on the principles of preventive medicine and screening diagnostics into the practice of healthcare. AKDO units belong to such equipment designed for early diversified diagnostics of chronic diseases made within comprehensive examinations of children, i.e. a state program of regular medical check-ups of children. The paper presents objective trends taking place in the modern practical healthcare that necessitated principle changes in and promotion of functional potentialities of the existing ASPON systems developed in 1983-1988.

In the paper the probabilistic assessment of diagnostic efficiency of bodyplethysmography indexes in patients with bronchial asthma instead of the prevailing method of comparison of mean-value is carried out. It is shown, that the estimation of diagnostic efficiency of body-plethysmography indexes by probabilistic methods in patients with bronchial asthma has advantages in comparison with a traditional estimation of mean-value as allows to determine the information density of each size from a position of probability and to improve functional diagnostics of this disease.

Digital technologies have been widely used in X-rays diagnostics, including computer tomography, magnetic-resonance tomography, digital radiography etc. Digital technologies for image analysis essentially change all arrangements and procedures of preventive examinations made at patient-care facilities. As for digital fluorography, the basic principles of fluorography diagnostic room are standard but for one arrangement-the unit is controlled via a computer-assisted working place (CAWP) by the radiologist assistant; the room of radiologist is also equipped with CAWP. Admittedly, a key issue in general fluorographic examinations is registration of patients and preparation of them for the procedure. Contemplated in the paper are new potentialities of digital fluorography of big number of patients by low-dose fluorography (LDF, equipment manufacturer/Orel, Russia) which enhance the rate and quality of diagnostics.

In the paper results of long-term exploitation of apparatuses complex of before-doctor examination of patients for monitoring a condition of somatic health of students are presented. Influence of physical preparation on a state of health is discussed. Recommendations are given and the monitoring technique is offered on the basis of the received experience.

In the paper versatile study of radiation dose of the medical personnel is carried out at rentgenosurgery with application of tissue-equivalent phantoms. For the first time spectrometric study of dissipated radiation by object is carried out, normalized to unit of exposition dose fields around of the object are constructed.

Recent developments in modeling methods on the non-linear and non-stationary data, such as electrocardiograms (ECG), have received large attention by the time-frequency analysts. The technique presented in this paper is based on parametrical modeling of the instantaneous module as well as instantaneous phase, estimated directly from each ECG beat. The estimation is adaptive since, the parameters related to a specific ECG beat are calculated from a given reference signal. In order to evaluate the performance of our technique, data recorded from the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database are used.

Presented in the paper are issues connected with occupational specialization of handicapped children and with psychophysiological diagnosis including the program "Yong disabled should have equal opportunities" developed at the Center for rehabilitation of handicapped children, Arzamas, for those who are restricted in their choice of occupation due to health.

Surveyed in the paper is medical equipment displayed, November 29-December 3, 2004, in the Exhibition Hall in Krasnaya Presnya within the framework of the "Healthcare, Medical Equipment and Drugs-2004" Exhibition. The survey is made for the below categories of medical equipment: instruments and apparatuses; X-ray, neonatal, ophthalmologic and stomatological equipment; medical instruments; laboratory medical equipment; equipment for rehabilitation of patients and disabled and mobile medical equipment. A conclusion is made on that a lot of novel high-quality and high-tech medical equipment has emerged in the Russian market. The diversified equipment displayed at the Exhibition enables any medical facility to choose for its needs the most appropriate medical equipment, instruments and spares.

The paper presents a conclusive basis applicable to the parameters of two-component analysis of biosignals of the pulse filling of the rheogram type conditioning the parameters' specific use. A new original rheographic parameter is suggested for the examined zone of vascular filling--local fraction of cardiac output. A verbal model of general hemodynamic pulse filling developed by the author previously and specified within the present cases study has been used for the purpose. The model was constructed as a specific description of the working cardiovascular system during cardiac cycles, which is based on the two-phase cardiac function, with respect to the active heart work both in the systolic and diastolic phases of the cardiac cycle.

Analyzed in the paper is mutual influence of channels in synchronous registration of pulse signals from human radial arteries made by a device whose transducers share a common base. Such influence is conditioned by the base mobility, which in its turn is caused by the fact that the device rests on soft tissues of the hand and that the fixation elements work by cross rigidity. Transducers must be fixed separately and the impact of their initial force on signal registration zones needs to be eliminated by design-based separation of zones of registration and fixation to enable the use of radiophysical methods in signal processing.

The paper describes the features of image capture with microfocus X-ray technologies in medical diagnostics, including the main reason of decreasing radiation doses received by different bone structures of patients.

Described in the paper are the results of a study of spectral parameters of variable heart rate (VHR) in 67 junior schoolchildren, aged 8-11, obtained alongside with the Landolt test. It was reliably demonstrated that the total capacity of the VHR spectrum and of spectral indices was decreased at the time of test; however, it went up subsequently to the initial level or topped it. The results of investigation of spectograms of VHR recorded in the course of the Landolt non-verbal test explain individual features related with the heart rate monitoring and with adaptive potentialities of schoolchildren.

The paper presents the results of a study of vertical stability of 18 children and teenagers (mean age 12.5) with spastic diplegia as observed before and after complex treatment including the use of the method of phase electrostimulation of muscles and of methods developed at the Physical Exercise Department, Pediatric Neurological Hospital No. 18. The patients were examined by Romberg's test on the KSK-123 stabilographic unit with open and closed eyes. The results testify indirectly to a treatment-conditioned improvement in the CNS and receptor apparatus as observed during regulation of the vertical posture balance in the examinees. Thus, with visual monitoring, the mean square deviation in the frontal plane dropped on the average by 48% and, without such monitoring, it went down by 34%; in the sagittal plane, the values decreased by 51% and 35%, respectively. The area of statokynesogram shrank by 38% with open eyes and by 27% with closed eyes. The posttreatment prevalence of sagittal fluctuations in the body's center of gravity as observed versus frontal fluctuations is also typical of the health condition of the examinees.

Analyzed in the paper are stages of networking of game biofeedback. Three main stages are defined on the basis of practical experience, they are: unification of local databases, use of game biofeedback in local network and training in game biofeedback via Internet. Possible solutions are suggested; technical and organizational issues are discussed on working out and using a set of therapeutic and health-improving training equipment based on the principles of LAN game biofeedback.

Described in the paper is a case study targeted at detecting the age-related dynamics of some indices and psychophysiological mechanisms of decision-making in senior schoolchildren and humanitarian students; the study was based on computer-aided test systems. The research methods are presented and its results are analyzed.

Described, compared and analyzed in the paper are data about sabilographic computer equipment manufactured serially by the leading foreign and Russian companies. Potential spheres of application of stabilographic equipment are discussed.

The paper contains the results of a study of the equilibrium function examined in 120 schoolchildren (aged 7 to 8 and 9 to 10) residing in the city of Arkhangelsk by means of a computer-based "Stabilotest" set manufactured by "VNIIMP-VITA", Moscow. Quantitative parameters of the functions were obtained for healthy schoolchildren of the above age groups on the basis of a variety of tests, which exposed a number of specific features related with maintaining the vertical postures in different positions. The results can be used as a basis in evaluating the functional status of the equilibrium system during diagnostic and correction-and-rehabilitation procedures.

The key issues related with maintenance and introduction of health-saving technologies into the educational process of a high school are demonstrated in the paper by the example of the "Integrated Program" implemented at Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Methods of preclinical screening and monitoring of students' health including organizational principles, information technologies and psychophysical examination are described.

The paper deals with two aspects of psychophysiological examination made within the psychophysiological evaluation of the condition of healthy persons as well as within the psychophisiological express-diagnosis of latent and initial stress reactions. The level of psychophysiological indices ensuring the integrated functioning of the CNS was evaluated by the KPFK-99 "Psyhomat" automated set designed for psychophysiological diagnosis of man. Besides, its regulatory components were evaluated by means of the "VNS-spectrum" equipment: VNS parameters were analyzed (rhythmological evaluation of the vegetative tonus, vegetative reactivity and vegetative support). The psychological status was examined by a set of psychodiagnostic and psychosocial tests.

Described in the paper is the instrumental examination of the psychoemotional condition of schoolchildren with esogastroenterologic pathology, who underwent, for the diagnostic purpose, esogastroduodenoscopy. It is demonstrated that the determination of the psychoemotional status in the course of dynamic follow-up optimizes the preparation of a child for endoscopy and smooths the anxiety during the procedure.

Described in the paper is a portable device designed by the author for the traction of ribs in the complex treatment of multiple rib fractures. It is autonomous and easy in use. The devise does not damage the skin and tissues.

Described in the paper is the possibility of using the induced otoacoustic emission (registered by different devices) in the practice of audiologist. The devices used for the purpose confirm the method as promising.

Described in the paper are the key principles of designing of autonomous electrodes for the gastrointestinal tract (AE GT) as well as circuits of stimulating-pulse generators. A shape for the electric-stimulator frame, its geometric dimensions and choice of a material for electrodes are substantiated. The electric- and trauma-safety of AE GT is discussed. The main stimulating current parameters, as well as the flowchart and design of the electric stimulator are presented.

Described in the paper is a research case of the core of an automated support system for the decision-making in assigning a physical-load schedule that would take account of each specific patient and provide the practitioner with the related comprehensive data in diagnosis and therapy.

Described in the paper is a relatively simple method for the determination of the efficiency of registration of X-ray diagnostic systems by the whole tract of transformation of radiation contrast from the spot of contrast-sensitivity test to the visual registration of image. It is just enough to have the contrast sensitivity test and to measure the dose at test location. On the basis of the visually registered minimal contrast the efficiency of registration of a diagnostic system is evaluated by the radiation-contrast parameter. The suggested method can be used at handover tests and in testing the X-ray systems during their exploitation.

Dosimetric data obtained experimentally and needed in calculating the efficient irradiation doses applicable to patients in film mammography are elucidated in the paper. The values of individual effective doses are defined with respect to the sizes of the mammary gland, regimes of X-ray examinations and sensitivity of the "screen-film" system. Recommendations are provided for choosing the optimal regimes ensuring high-quality images and for minimal dose loads of patients' irradiation.

Published data on equipment for X-ray filming, fluorography, mammography and for automated developing machines, which were displayed at the "Healthcare-2003" exhibition, Moscow, are surveyed in the paper.

The paper presents the study results related with operational properties of digital X-ray diagnostic systems designed on the basis of silicon detectors. Suggestions are defined for the use of evaluation methods applicable to image parameters with respect to the properties of an examined object.

The paper contains the results of an analytical study held, 2001-2003, at prevention and patient-care facilities of Moscow and dedicated to classification of their X-ray diagnostic equipment (XDE) by models. On the basis of an analysis of typical XDE failures the methodological recommendations for the XDE technical expertise are defined that enable the possibility to evaluate objectively the serviceability of equipment after appropriate repair and to extend its exploitation time over several years without any noticeable worsening in X-ray diagnostics or radiation safety.

Theoretical and experimental research results related with the influence of correlation of signals in neighboring elements of digital X-ray receiver-transformer produced on the evaluation of the output ratio noise/signal and, as a consequence, on the evaluation of quantum registration efficiency are described in the paper.

Discussed in the paper is a system of automatic exposition choice in a digital fluorograph designed by the "Gelpik" company, Moscow. The perspective equipment variation is as follows: intensifying screen + optic system + charge-communication device-matrix.

The paper is dedicated to the activity of Research and Production Enterprise "Avionika", a leader in the field of designing and manufacturing of medical equipment. Technical data of medical suction units produced by the enterprise were comparatively analyzed versus those made by other manufacturers. Additionally, failures of suction equipment were analyzed and technical solutions enhancing the operational safety are suggested. Promising trends are defined for perfecting the discussed equipment type.

Technical characteristics of Russian chemicals designed for processing the radiographic medical films are described in the paper. Requirements applicable to operating solutions and films characteristics, obtained by the manual and machine-processing, are defined. It is demonstrated as feasible to choose the chemicals with respect to the economic parameter, i.e. cost per unit of photoprocessing of 1.0 m2 of film at the photo laboratories of patient-care and preventive facilities.

Described in the paper is a method of data deconvolution of ultrasound scanning (solution of the deconvolution equation in the linear metric) that ensures a higher precision of images being restored versus the traditional Wiener filtering. Simplex algorithm with an originally modified efficiency function was used to solve the task. The results of experiments testifying to the efficiency of algorithms in the ultrasound image processing of the mammary gland of a patient are presented.

Described in the paper is a reconstruction algorithm for special distributions of optical parameters of biological objects based on the non-stationary axial model of radiation transport in case of proportionality of the absorption and scattering coefficients. The proportionality coefficient, used in reconstruction, is shown to influence a precision of images being restored. The appropriate recommendations are defined of how to diminish the occurring distortions.

The paper contains a description of the "Neurotest7A" signal generator designed for testing the electroencephalography and electrocardiography equipment, including its functional and technical characteristics, structural scheme and operational algorithm.

The paper deals with a universal component-oriented architecture for creating the telemedicine applications. The worked-out system ensures the ECG reading, pressure measurements and pulsometry. The system design comprises a central database server and a client telemedicine module. Data can be transmitted via different interfaces--from an ordinary local network to digital satellite phones. The data protection is guaranteed by microchip charts that were used to realize the authentication 3DES algorithm.

There is a comparison of parameters of different-form bipolar pulses for external electric defibrillators described in the paper. The electric schemes of generators used in pulse shaping are elucidated; the appropriate recommendations concerning their choice are defined.

The paper contains a description of electroencephalography (EEG) photostimulator for examining the induced cerebral potentials. The device was designed to function within the EEG computer complexes; a high-intensity irradiation LED matrix is used as the light source. The 1.1 USB control bus serves as the communication interface; there is an extra external synchronization bus. It is possible to preset the frequency, brightness, on-off time ratio and pattern of light stimuli. A library of application programmer is supplied to monitor the photostimulation.

The integration results of fundamental and applied medical-and-technical research made at the chair of biomedical systems, Moscow state institute of electronic engineering (technical university--MSIEE), are described in the paper. The chair is guided in its research activity by the traditions of higher education in Russia in the field of biomedical electronics and biomedical engineering. Its activities are based on the extrapolation of methods of electronic tools, computer technologies, physics, biology and medicine with due respect being paid to the requirements of practical medicine and to topical issues of research and design.

Comparative assessments of the efficiency and noise immunity of the algorithms detecting the shock cardiac rhythms (SCR) are described in the paper. It is suggested to use the rejection filter of ventricular fibrillation as the principle algorithm for the SCR detection in an automated external defibrillator. The use of the method combining the after-threshold interval and the method of spectral analysis is demonstrated to be preferable for a portable external defibrillator.

Due to the promotion of methods and devices of non-invasive spectrophotometric diagnostics in the sphere of medicine, software support for such diagnostic systems has been growing to be a topical issue. The general ideology of designing the system software support for multi-function spectrophotometric diagnostic tools is under discussion in the paper. The need in a multi-stratum structure of presenting, analyzing and processing the diagnostic findings, i.e. beginning from physical result interpretation to its common medical interpretation, is substantiated.

The use of new promising materials for implanting elements in traumatology and orthopedics is under discussion in the paper. Steel pins coated with zirconium do not cause any inflammatory complications when applied. The initial results of using the zirconium-coated implants offer the challenge for using such devices in future.

The paper is dedicated to a small enterprise functioning in the field of medical engineering, i.e. the "Neuron" research-and-production Co. (Ufa), which has been designing and assembling the therapeutic outfit for ophthalmology.

A small-size, transportable respiratory trainer designed for the treatment of bronchopulmonary diseases and made up of the air-mouthpiece, pellet and lateral regulating openings is described in the paper. The possibility of separate resistance regulation at inhale and expiration is its specificity.

Potentialities of analyzing the health condition of human organism and of its separate systems, i.e. digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular, etc., by the peripheral-blood parameters and with the help of the suggested AKS-ENOFIT analytical system are demonstrated in the paper.