Search

With the development of science and technology,people need to access a large number of scientific and technological information quickly,and scientific paper is one of the main ways to carry scientific and technological information.As an important part of scientific paper,abstract is an effective tool for readers to retrieve literature.Therefore,the quality of abstract affects the retrieval rate of paper directly.However,due to the lack of writing experience,the quality of abstracts written by many authors is not high.Automatic generation of summary for scientific paper can help the author grasp the important content of paper more effectively,so as to write high-quality abstract.At the same time,the automatically generated abstract can also control the number of words in the abstract,which can bring more content to readers and help them understand the paper better.Generating automa-tic summarization for scientific paper can help author write abstract faster,which is one of the research contents in automatic summarization.Compared with common news document,scientific paper has the characteristics of strong structure and clear logical relationship.As far as the mainstream abstractive summarization such as encoder-decoder model is concerned,it mainly consi-ders the serialized information in the document,and rarely explores the text structure information in the document.For this reason,according to the characteristics in scientific papers,this paper proposes an automatic summarization model based on the hie-rarchical structure of "word-section-document",which uses the association between word and section to enhance the level of text structure and the interaction between levels,so as to screen out the key information in scientific paper.In addition,a context gate unit is extended to update the optimized context vector,thus capturing context information more comprehensively.The experimental results show that the proposed model can effectively improve the performance of the generated summarization in the ROUGE evaluation method.

Objective To establish a simple and rapid paper-based extraction method for human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA and to evaluate the method. Methods The plasmid containing HPV type 16 gene fragment was employed as the test subjects, and then 6 different paper materials were compared and selected by ultraviolet spectrophotometry and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR). Then, according to the efficiency of nucleic acid extraction and the optimal binding area, a convenient paper strip was designed. Finally, the designed paper strip was applied to extract HPV DNA from 18 clinical cervical exfoliated cell samples (13 positives and 5 negatives), with its performance being evaluated after comparing with the conventional boiling method. Results The qualitative filter paper with a nucleic acid binding zone of 2 mm×10 mm could successfully extract HPV DNA from clinical cervical exfoliated cells. When this test strip was used for DNA extraction, all the 13 high-risk HPV positives were successfully detected out of the 18 clinical samples, which was consistent with the results of the conventional boiling method. In addition, the extraction time of the test strip was less than 1 min for each sample, with a detection limit of 8×102 copies/mL and relative standard deviation of 1.15%. Conclusion Our paper-based rapid extraction for HPV DNA does not require pipetting, heating and centrifugation, and the eluent can be directly used as the PCR template for amplification, which greatly simplifies the extraction process of HPV DNA from clinical cervical exfoliated cell samples.

Radiopharmaceuticals means radionuclide preparations or labeled compounds for clinical diagnosis or therapeutic use. Radiochemical purity is one of the important judgment indexes to measure the quality of radiopharmaceuticals, which directly affects the clinical effect, it is very important to accurately determine and strictly control the radiochemical purity. In this paper, by querying and analyzing Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020, European Pharmacopoeia 10.2, US Pharmacopoeia 43-NF38, and the related literature, making a analysis and summary on the characteristics, separation principle and application of commonly used radiochemical purity determination methods, including thin-layer chromatography (TLC), paper chromatography (PC), electrophoresis (EP) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), which would help to establish a more scientific and reasonable standard of radiopharmaceuticals quality standards and to provide technical reference.

In Japanese, the predicates of "question word +でも" usually need to be in the positive form. On the contrary, the predicates of "question word +も" are primarily in the negative form. However, after investigating the errors of Chinese Japanese learners in acquiring "interrogative words +でも", this paper finds that it is not necessary to use "interrogative words +でも" as long as the predicate is in the affirmative form; sometimes it is necessary to use "interrogative words +も". By comparing the differences between "question words +でも" and "question words +も", this paper mainly examines the errors and reasons related to "question words +でも". This paper's research results will help promote the further development of Japanese teaching. Japanese learners misuse, on the one hand, because they confuse the semantic difference between "question words +でも" and "question words +も" and do not grasp the meaning of the question words themselves; on the other hand, they do not consider the "question words +でも" and "interrogative word +も" serve as what components in the sentence.

Taking Léon Wieger’s Rudiments de parler chinois, dialect du 河間府, 1ᵉʳ volume as the core and referring other French sinologists’ works as supplement, this paper studies the French sinologists’ interpretation of the composition of substantives in Chinese in the second half of 19ᵗʰ century. At the same time, this paper compares the views of Westerns with the view of Chinese linguists in the early 20ᵗʰ century to suggest the similarities and differences between Chinese and Western scholars’ understanding of Chinese word formation. We argue that Western scholars generally use word classes as the categorical basis when exploring constructions, and pay more attention to the meaning, lexicality, and variation of the components. However, Chinese linguists, except for Ma Jianzhong, who still insists on the approach of French sinologists, do not place much emphasis on the influence of word category on word formation, but focus more on the interrelationship between components. The influence of the French sinologists of the 19ᵗʰ century is almost non-existent.

This paper introduces the Japanese research status of Chinese scholar Luo Zhenyu in the form of a summary, which is divided into the following six aspects: first, Calligraphy Theory No.32: Luo Zhenyu Special Collection; second, Luo Zhenyu's visit to Japan and exchanges with the Japanese, third, the correspondence between Luo Zhenyu and his friends; fourth, Luo Zhenyu's participation in painting and writing activities and his collections; fifth, Luo Zhenyu's creation of oracle bone and Dunhuang studies; and sixth, others. The paper aims to broaden the reader's research vision and help scholars obtain more academic information., 内田慶市教授古稀記念号

Chinese teachers played an essential role in the Chinese learning of protestant missionaries who came to China. This paper discusses the importance of Chinese teachers in the Chinese study of missionaries according to the historical materials from the English periodical The Chinese Recorder. It is mainly reflected in three aspects: firstly, Chinese teachers played a great role in "curriculum learning"; secondly, they assisted missionaries in translating the Bible; thirdly, they help missionaries in compiling Chinese textbooks. This paper focuses on the views of Alvin Pierson Parker and O. F. Wisner to discuss the requirements of missionaries for Chinese teachers. These requirements include professionalism, good personal qualities of teachers, and regular replacement of teachers. Taking North China Union Language School and Nanking Language School as examples, this paper also discusses the training of Chinese teachers in Chinese language teaching institutions in China. This training emphasized the importance of "practice" for teachers.

As the last monk who went to Japan from China in Yuan Dynasty, Donglingyongyu was not only played a positive role in promoting the Buddhist interactions between China and Japan, but also made a great contribution to the spread of calligraphy to Japan in Yuan Dynasty. First of all, this paper investigates the life of Donglingyongyu, and finds out the reason why he did not fear difficulties and dangers and went to Japan to promote Buddhism. Secondly, it analyzes existing works of Donglingyongyu one by one, and discusses the origin of his calligraphy and the related calligraphy-thoughts. Finally, this paper examines the important role of the Yuan Monks in the calligraphy communication between China and Japan by focusing on Donglingyongyu., 内田慶市教授古稀記念号

XiaoXue concentrates on Zhuxi’s thoughts on children and beginner’s education, of which “Li” (禮) is the major method and “Jing” (敬) is the core purpose. In this paper, I would like to demonstrate the educational principle of “cultivating Jing through Li” in the contexts of the “Five Lun” (father and son, ruler and subject, husband and wife, elders and children, and friends) in XiaoXue-Minglun. Therefore, this paper can be regarded as an educational example of the principle of “unity of Li and Jing” in which “Li” is the path and “Jing” is the goal.

In recent years, the study of idioms has become a hot field. Most of the research results have chosen to examine idioms from the perspective of cultural and cognitive linguistics, and there are many pioneering achievements, which have opened a new perspective for later research. However, in previous studies, Chinese scholars have made a lot of achievements, whether they study Chinese idioms, or the comparison between Chinese and Japanese, while Japanese scholars' studies, especially the comparison between China and China, are relatively few. From the perspective of research scope, China scholars mainly pay attention to idioms containing animal words, while Japanese scholars mainly study idioms from the perspective of cognitive language, examining the influence of cognitive images on the meaning of idioms. This paper compares the cognitive models of Chinese and Japanese from the perspective of cognitive linguistics, and explains the cognitive similarities and differences between Chinese and Japanese idioms from cognitive and cultural aspects. The full text is divided into three parts. The first part briefly introduces the basic concepts of Metaphor, Image Schema, Metonymy, reference point construction and Behavioral Frame. Among them, ""Metaphor"", ""Metonymy"" and ""Behavioral Frame"" are the main methods to analyze idioms in this paper. In addition, this part also briefly introduces the related literature of idioms with ""Hand"" in this paper. The second part, based on the first part, takes the idioms with ""Hand"" in Chinese and Japanese as the object, taking metaphor and metonymy as the main angles of analysis, and summarizes the cognitive patterns of idioms with ""Hand"" in two languages. Through analysis, we can see that the meaning expansion mode of idioms with ""hand"" can be divided into the following two steps, no matter in Chinese or Japanese: first, it is placed under the behavioral framework of ""Hand"", and ""Hand"", as a prop of behavior, can point to such elements as ""force"" and ""method"" in the framework through metonymy. These elements, through the second step of metaphor, expand their meaning to other fields. However, each language has its own unique characteristics, which can't be completely unified in one mode. Therefore, the third part mainly introduces the idiomatic expressions of ""hand"" in Chinese and Japanese, such as""手把手,手足"" in Chinese and ""手が空く"" in Japanese, which do not belong to the meaning expansion mode discussed in the second part. In addition, there is a case where, although the two languages have the same meaning, they choose of different body parts to present them, for example, Chinese ""金盆洗手"" and Japanese ""足を洗う"". The reason is also briefly analyzed and explained in the third part., 多文化社会研究, 9, pp.229-250; 2023

Through a comparison of Chinese and Japanese quantifiers for counting or weighing animals and the current status of research, this thesis attempts to summarize the basic status of Chinese and Japanese studies of animal quantifiers and the different characteristics of the two languages. The text is divided into three main parts. The first part is the introduction, which briefly introduces the relationship between Chinese and Japanese quantifiers, and analyzes the particularity of quantifiers. Due to the generality and richness of Chinese and Japanese quantifiers, a large number of quantifiers have overlapping objects and scopes of counting. In addition, we believe that the complexity and specificity of the use of quantifiers necessitates a systematic study of quantifiers. The second part of this paper consists of three subsections: Section 2, “Research on Chinese animal quantifiers”, Section 3, “Research on Japanese animal quantifiers” and Section 4, “Comparative research on Chinese and Japanese animal quantifiers”, which is the central part of this paper. This section focuses on a systematic examination of Chinese and Japanese quantifiers studies up to now, and sorting out the basic research status of Chinese and Japanese animal quantifiers and their remarkable characteristics. Through comparison, we find that the two languages share similarities in the use of quantifiers, but also have their own distinctive features. For example, both Chinese and Japanese simplify complex things, and use known and familiar things to recognize and represent unknown things. However, Chinese animal quantifiers tend to extract the physical features of animals to count or them, which is more abstract, while Japanese animal quantifiers, on the contrary, tend to use the specific part of body nouns to count animals, which is more figurative. In addition, the study of Chinese and Japanese quantifiers has evolved from the study of external grammatical expressions and pragmatic features to the analysis of grammatical and pragmatic aspects of specific noun-quantifier collocations, and developed to the present research process to explore the links between the forms of language encoding and cognition. It's fully reflects the cognitive process of Chinese and Japanese quantifiers research from surface to interior, from superficial to deep, and from concrete to abstract. The third part is the conclusion, which systematically summarizes the study of Chinese-Japanese quantifiers in a systematic way. We believe that there is a quite extensive study of quantifiers in both Chinese and Japanese. Whether from the perspective of grammar, pragmatics, or cognitive comparison, there have been very fine observations and analyses. Indeed, many convincing research results have been achieved. With the deepening of the comprehensive comparative study of quantifiers of the two languages, we believe that more promising results will emerge in the field of Chinese and Japanese quantifier research., 多文化社会研究, 9, pp.251-259; 2023

臺灣在 1987 年執行政治解嚴，之後進入新社會運動黃金十年。隨著 1988 年都市客家人發動「還我母語」大遊行，主張客語的媒體近用權，使得臺灣客家意識抬頭，並隨著本土認同激發出 1990 年代「新个客家人」運動的誕生。1990 年臺灣客家公共事務協會（HAPA）成立，主張與臺灣其他各族群齊心找回語言尊嚴的「新个客家人」，推動客家人對臺灣的認同，同時鼓勵客家人從隱形的弱勢狀況浮顯出來。本研究旨在指出「新个客家人」運動對於臺灣客家人的「現身」所產生的影響。研究方法以資料蒐集與分析，顯示過去三十年來因客家委員會對於「客家人」的定義採取血緣與認同並行的採定標準，因此臺灣客家人比例逐年增加。本研究例舉包括（1）血緣性的客家人重新認同自己的祖源文化、（2）藏身於非客家聚落中被現身出來、（3）策略性地選擇現身或不聲張的客家人、（4）刻意被強調與客家姻親關係的婚配移民等幾種類型，進行討論。結果顯示重拾客家認同者有可能為了更加確認自己的血緣性，產生了向華南甚至中原溯源的族譜考察，此與「新个客家人」強調臺灣本土認同間接產生矛盾；另外也有在尋根之後發現原來自己祖源並非客家。另外也發現由於「新个客家人」整體來說創造了較大比例的「客家人口數」，所以似乎也間接拉低了臺灣客語使用人口的比例。研究也發現，身分認同在逐漸去汙名的過程中，由於政府各類補助政策的催化，使得身分認同成為身分政治的策略，人們可以利用自己「部分的客家」，既呈現出身分流動的搖擺策略，卻又閃躲掉面對客家語言在「量的壯大」之下「質的稀釋」的責任。, In 1987, Taiwan exited the golden decade of the New Social Movement and entered the post-Martial-Law period. In 1988, urban Hakka people launched the “1228 Restore My Mother Tongue Campaign” on the streets ofTaipei, advocating for the use of public media. This raised Taiwan’s Hakka consciousness, and the local identity inspired the birth of the “New Hakka movement” in the 1990s. In 1990, the Taiwan Hakka Association for Public Affairs （HAPA） was established. It advocates working with other ethnic groups in Taiwan to regain a linguistic dignity—New Hakkaness—promoting Hakka’ recognition of Taiwan and encouraging Hakka people to overcome their invisible disadvantages. This paper aims to point out the impact of the “New Hakka movement” on the “appearance” of Taiwan new Hakkaness. Data which were collected and analyzed by the official shows that in the past 30 years, the Hakka Affairs Council has adopted a parallel standard of blood and identity to define “Hakka,” so the proportion of Hakka people in Taiwan has been slightly increasing each year. These increasing data includes 1）those related by Hakka blood re-identifying their ancestral culture, 2） those had assimilated into non-Hakka settlements and reappeared or being exposed, 3） those strategically choose to show up their hidden Hakka characters in public, 4） marriage immigrants who are deliberately emphasized their marriage relationship with Hakka, and other types. Some cases show that those who have regained their Hakka identity may have conducted a genealogical survey that traces their origins to southern China and even the Yellow River Basin in order to better confirm their own patrilineal lineage group, even if that is just a far-fetched, weak link. This indirectly contradicts the ideas of the “New Hakkaness,” which emphasizes Taiwanese identity. In addition, some such individuals whose clan settled in traditional Hakka village for a long time but discovered, after searching for their roots, that their ancestors are “not” Hakka. This paper found that the “New Hakkaness” makes up an increasing proportion of the Hakka population, which might impact the decline in the proportion of Taiwanese Hakka speakers. We also found that in the process of gradual de-stigmatization of identity, due to the catalysis of various government subsidy policies, identity has become a strategy in identity politics. People can use their own “some part of” factors of Hakka as a strategy but evade the responsibility of facing the qualitative dilution of the Hakka language under the quantitative growth., 台湾は 1987 年に戒厳令が解かれた後の 10 年間，「新社会運動」の時期に突入した。1988 年に都市で客家が「母語を返せ」デモ運動をおこない，客家語のメディア報道を要求するにつれ，台湾客家意識の覚醒が強調されるようになった。1990 年には台湾客家公共事務教会（HAPA）が成立し，台湾の他のエスニック集団とともに母語の尊厳を取り戻そうとする「新客家」が主張されるようになった。彼らは，台湾客家のアイデンティティを促進するとともに，客家に社会的弱者としての現状から抜け出していくよう鼓舞した。本論文は，「新客家」運動が台湾客家社会に与えた影響を論じるものである。ここ 30 年の間，政府機構である客家委員会は「客家」に「新」という文字を付与し，客家を広く定義するとともに，客家に対する肯定的なイメージを社会に広めてきた。それにより，台湾で客家人口の比率が増加する結果がもたらされた。その増加の背景には，祖先との血縁的関係を再確認したり，客家との婚姻関係を主張したり，戦略的に客家であることを公に発信したりするなど，複数のパターンがある。本論文は，そのような現代台湾のエスニック政策下における，エスニック・アイデンティティの弾力性を論じる。台湾では，人口統計上は客家人口が増加しているにもかかわらず，客家語の使用者が激減している。このことは，客家をめぐる新たな定義において客家語の重要性が低下した一方で，人々が客家であることを戦略的に使用しはじめたことと関連している。

This paper reviews Ryūkyū Mandarin textbooks. It has been more than 200 years since Motonao Narushima (成島司直 ; 1778-1862) described Ryūkyū Mandarin at the beginning of the preface of Ryūkyū Recorded Dialects (琉球録話) written in 1806. Japanese scholars have done extensive research on the corpus of Ryūkyū Mandarin. These scholars include Hiroshi Ishizaki (石崎博志 2001), Mitsuaki Endo (遠藤光暁 2011), and Takashi Takekoshi (竹越孝 2011), who have written detailed comments and summaries of prior research on the corpus of Ryūkyū Mandarin. Related research on the grammar of Ryūkyū Mandarin textbooks has been recognized by relevant Japanese scholars, and the results of the research have been remarkable. In contrast to Japanese academic circles, the research on Ryūkyū Mandarin in Chinese academic circles started very late. An exception is Changxi Fan (范常喜 2018), who conducted meticulous work on combing the existing research in the academic circles of China and Japan. In recent years, research on Ryūkyū Mandarin in Chinese academic circles is increasing ; dissertations, journal papers, and monographs are being published in rapid succession. While organizing the previous research above, the author found that some of the conclusions reached require further examination. Therefore, to clarify the research status of Ryūkyū Mandarin in China and Japan, as well as the specific differences in the respective results of the research, it is necessary to do a detailed review, which can provide reference and inspiration for future research on Ryūkyū Mandarin.

China's Huaxia civilization has a long tradition of children and beginners' education. In the first part of this paper, I will examine the history of Chinese educational institutions. This education can be divided into various categories according to different classification methods such as the nature of educational organizations, organizational scope, student status, educational level, and teaching content. The article attempts to briefly elucidate the historical background of the ancient academic system and put the concepts of the name of each educational institution in historical context to understand the origin and relationship of each name. Classification can be divided into official and private schools. Depending on the dynasty, the terminology for schools included local schools such as xue (學), xiang (庠), xu (序), and shu (塾) ; and state or dynastic schools such as guoxue (國學 government schools), zhouxue (州學 provincial schools), xianxue (縣學 county schools), xiangxue (鄉學 local schools), cunxue (村學 village schools), and yixue (義學 free private schools). Students attended schools in accordance with their social class. The aristocracy and academically outstanding students enrolled in national imperial academies (guozixue 國子學), while students of ability from among the lower official class and commoners could attend simenxue (四門學 literally, school of the four gates). There were also different levels of education, such as mengxue (蒙學 primary schools that taught reading, writing, and etiquette), xiaoxue (小學 primary schools for noble families) and taixue (大學 national university). The content taught was also different ; most focused on martial arts, medicine, law, calligraphy, painting, arithmetic, etc. Although most subjects can be clearly categorized, there were others that were conceptionally in-between or interdisciplinary. Thus, they required differentiation in a progressive, systematic, and orderly manner. The second aspect covered in this paper is children and beginners' textbooks from various Chinese dynasties. The textbooks are an important resource for understanding the educational situation of children and beginners. The Song Dynasty was a watershed era in children and beginners' education that marked a leap in the development of the textbooks in both quantity and variety. Using the Song dynasty as a dividing point, I will explain the obvious differences in the style of children and beginners' education and textbooks between the pre-Song and post-Song dynasties. At the same time, I will examine in part universities and specialized education to outline the overall educational context of each era. In this way, I hope to provide some accuracy to the terminology of children and beginners' education in imperial China.

The study of Chinese characters formed an important aspect of Chinese learning for Western nationals who came to China in modern times. Researchers currently attach great importance to textbooks of character learning and compile lists of Chinese characters. Lyon’s 500 Chinese characters commonly used in Official mandarin and Moncrieff’s 2000 Chinese Characters list are typical exemplars. This paper utilizes the technique of comparative analysis to discuss the value and characteristics of such compilations of Chinese characters by individuals who visited China in the modern age. In so doing, it creates data statistics both from the synchronic and diachronic perspectives. First, the lists are compared with a typical character textbook titled Two Years’ Course of Study in the Chinese Language. Second, the paper also compares lists of Chinese characters created in different periods, relating them to contemporary Chinese Proficiency Grading Standards for International Chinese Language Education. The results reveal that the modern missionaries in China acquired a relatively comprehensive and accurate grasp of Chinese characters and that their understanding gradually intensified over time. The lists of Chinese characters compiled by missionaries in modern China differed in conception from textbooks of Chinese characters. However, both served the same purpose. The compilations of Chinese characters by modern missionaries evinced distinct objectives and features of their times and primarily considered the frequency and word-formation ability of the characters. The textbooks of Chinese characters were more systematic in their exposition and emphasized the construction of characters and the combinations of their parts. A high coincidence rate is observed between the two types despite this distinction.

[ABSTRACT] Haruyuki Sasaki (佐佐木春行), the second generation of the Kyoto antiquarian bookshop “Chikuhoro (竹苞樓)”, wrote the Sohon kantei zakki (宋本鑒定雜記), an important work in the study of private bibliography in the Edo period. There is one handwritten copy in each of Kyoto University Library and Iwase Bunko Library, this paper uses the two copies to compile and investigate this text. Most of the sohon (Song dynasty editions) recorded in this text came from the Five Great Zen Temples in Kyoto, and the collection process is clear, several editions still exist. Haruyuki examined in detail the taboos, format and the paper used in sohon, some of these methods were influenced by knowledge in Chinese literature, and some were inspired by Kariya Ekisai (狩谷棭齋) and other scholars in the same period, reveals the development process of bibliography as a discipline in Japan from the early modern period to the present day.

This paper explores the existing preface to Xin Yuefu, and restores the Xin Yuefu to its original state at the time of composition by referring to several texts of Xin Yuefu extant in China and Japan. Based on these references, this paper reconsiders the longstanding and unsettled issues of the structure of the lyrics and whether they can be set to music in order to open up a new path for the study of ballads during the Tang dynasty., 本稿屬於JSPS 科研費21K00327 “慧萼鈔南禅院本『白氏文集（詩集）』の復元に関する文献的研究”之階段性研究成果。又，本稿爲中國礦業大學人文與藝術學院舉辦“東亞古典文學與漢籍高端學術研討會”發表稿之修訂稿。

This paper describes online Chinese language learning practice in cooperation with other technical colleges and overseas partner universities from August 24 to September 30, 2020. In this initiative, students watched the videos for class preparation in advance and learned the contents of the videos practically online from the students of the Applied Chinese Department of Wenzao Ursuline University of Languages (WZU) in Taiwan. Since 2015, National Institute of Technology, Ube College has accepted students from the Department of Chinese Language and Literature of National United University (NUU) in Taiwan as Chinese language trainees every year. The trainees provide support to the teachers in charge of Chinese classes and conduct the classes themselves. However, in 2020, due to the pandemic caused by the coronavirus pandemic, we will no longer be able to accept Taiwanese interns. So, instead, we had students from WZU conduct one-on-one Chinese classes online. As a result of the 26 classes given by WZU of Foreign Studies students for about one month, the Japanese students' ability to understand Chinese improved compared to previous years, especially in pronunciation. An evaluation questionnaire shows that the classes were significant for both students. This paper will explain the process leading up to the implementation of the online class, class implementation, and the innovations in the class. Finally, this paper will discuss the points for reflection and future issues.

Regional coordinated development is a complex, systematic and scientific issue advancing with the time which has attracted much attention. The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) aims to develop into a world-class bay area and urban agglomeration. The development of GBA depends on regional coordinated development to enhance its international competitiveness. At present, the process of globalization has experienced multiple turning points, the regional governance system has been continuously optimized, and the technological innovation has evolved rapidly. The coordinated development of the GBA is facing institutional changes. Therefore, through the systematic analysis of the connotations and mechanisms of the coordinated development of the GBA, this paper describes the three stages of regional coordinated development since 1978, including the integration of regional production factors represented by the ‘front shop, back factory’ mode (1978-1996), the regional system integration led by institutional cooperation (1997-2014), and the regional all-round integration guided by national strategy (2015- ). In the meantime, the paper analyzes the five dimensions of the coordinated development of the GBA in the new period, including industrial collaborative innovation, environmental collaborative governance, resource collaborative allocation, service collaborative sharing and institutional collaborative arrangement. These five dimensions are helpful to understand the key areas to promote the coordinated development of the GBA in the coming decades. Furthermore, this paper holds that the regional coordinated development of the GBA is undergoing mechanism changes at four levels, which are mainly reflected in the transformation of globalization, the integration of the internal and external market, the rescaling of governance, and the energization of regional in-depth development facilitated by the new infrastructure. These institutional changes have the potential to generate a new model for the coordinated development of the GBA. This paper takes into account the retrospective review and forward-looking prospect on the coordinated development of the GBA, aiming to provide an entry perspective and analysis framework for related issues.

Public policy is an important support for the coordinated development of urban agglomeration. Since the construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area has become a national strategy, a series of policies aimed at deepening regional cooperation and promoting regional coordinated development have been introduced. The quantitative measurement of policy can finely reflect the internal relationship structure of urban agglomeration governance. This study collected 428 regional coordinated development policies from the websites of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Leading Group Office and the relevant municipal governments. It topologized the relationship between policy subjects, measured the supply intensity of coordinated development policies, and analyzed the spatial connection based on policy relevance. The study found that: 1) The policy measures of one-way benefiting Hong Kong and Macao are the main policy supply direction at present, and in most cases, the policy feedback from Hong Kong and Macao is less than expected. 2) Policy supply is highly concentrated in the field of public services and industrial development, aiming to narrow the service gap between Hong Kong, Macao and the Mainland and attract high quality talents. 3) Districts and counties and local professional departments have not yet fully entered the coordinated development policy network of the Greater Bay Area, due to the lack of consultation platforms matching with their administrative levels. 4) The four central cities of Hong Kong, Macao, Guangzhou and Shenzhen have different policy relations and spatial connections with other subjects in the Greater Bay Area. It is worth noting that although Zhuhai is not regarded as one of the central cities in the Greater Bay Area, it takes the initiative to establish close policy cooperation with Macao and actively seeks to establish partnerships with Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Hong Kong. And these initiatives have enhanced Zhuhai's embeddedness and influence in the regional relationship network. 5) The policy linkages between cities in the Greater Bay Area are frequently interacted within the metropolitan area, and the policy linkages across metropolitan areas are relatively loose. Therefore, this paper suggests that the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area can further strengthen the two-way policy linkage between neighboring cities, neighboring districts and counties, professional departments and the two central cities of Guangzhou and Shenzhen, coordinate the policies towards Hong Kong and Macao, and make the policy supply further adapt to the governance structure of the Greater Bay Area. In short, this paper explores a method to measure and study the spatial connection of urban agglomeration based on coordinated development policies, which provides a research path for quantitatively indicating the correlation strength of coordinated development policies and the internal relationship structure of regional governance of urban agglomeration, provides technical support for policy formulation and optimization, and supports the fine governance of urban agglomeration.

Urban tourism network structure is an important part of regional development research in China. However, previous studies have paid more attention to the urban tourism network structure characterized by physical indicators driven by government forces, ignoring the importance of virtual space network in the information age. Under the background of high-quality tourism development, urban agglomeration tourism should change from "hard connectivity" to "soft connectivity". The soft index represented by information relationship redefines the new urban tourism network and can better reveal the characteristics of regional tourism integration under different market dimensions from the perspective of "dual cycle". As the data acquisition of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) is faced with many obstacles, the active tourism information relationship data in the Internet has brought new ideas to study the urban tourism network structure of the region. This paper constructs the data collection method of "city+city+tourism" based on the keyword co-occurrence in bibliometrics, the co-reference linkage in global urban network research, and the data collection method of "city+tourism" in online tourism research. Baidu Chinese search engine and Google English search engine are used to obtain the co-occurrence frequency of urban tourism information in the GBA. And the social network analysis method is used to explore the similarities and differences of urban tourism information connection strength and network structure characteristics from the domestic and international tourism market dimensions. The results show that the intensity and mean value of urban tourism information connection in the GBA increase gradually. The accumulation and diffusion of tourism information in the network, the information interaction and network relevance have been significantly improved. The trend of regional tourism integration is obvious, and the information connection pattern of domestic tourism market is more stable. The cities in the GBA have different network advantages in domestic and international tourism markets, and there are differences in tourism function division and market influence. It has formed a tourism market pattern in which the second tier cities with Dongguan, Foshan, Zhongshan and Zhuhai as the center lead the internal linkage, and the first tier cities such as Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Macao lead the opening to the outside world. The core cities in the GBA have different modes of leading the development of small groups in domestic and international tourism markets. The tourism cooperation mode driven by the agglomeration of second tier cities such as Foshan, Zhongshan, Dongguan, Zhuhai and Huizhou dominates the domestic tourism market, and the first tier cities represented by Hong Kong, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Macao cooperate with other cities to form a tourism linkage mode that dominates the international tourism market. In short, this paper uses the tourism information relationship data to break through the constraints of geographical distance, policy and economic development level, and reflects the hyperspace-time characteristics of urban tourism information network. In the field of tourism, it reveals the network structure of urban agglomeration reflected in the massive web content at home and abroad, which is a tourism functional organization system with clear division of labor and strong points. As a low-threshold information channel, the Internet gives the second tier cities in the domestic tourism market the opportunity to "flip", and the state of "the strong is always strong" in the first tier cities in the international tourism market will continue to exist, which makes this paper reveal the differences in the Matthew effect of tourism destinations in different market dimensions from the perspective of virtual space.

The rapid development of global transportation network and information communication technology has an important impact on regional economy and social spatial structure, and promotes the transformation of regional research paradigm. The coordinated development of urban agglomeration and regional functional linkage from the perspective of flow space has become an important issue in urban regional research. Different from the traditional central place theory that emphasizes the differences in scale and level of cities within the region, the flow space perspective helps to understand how the regional factor flow organizes cities of all scales and levels in the form of network with the background of space-time compression, and promotes the functional linkage and coordinated development within the region on the basis of reshaping the urban spatial relationship. Based on the literature review of relevant research at home and abroad, this paper constructs an analytical framework for the relationship between regional spatial factor flow and function collaboration, and discusses the regional function collaborative mechanism of urban agglomeration from three aspects: "how to reshape the regional spatial network by factor flow", "how to restructure the urban hierarchy by infrastructure connectivity" and "how to strengthen the regional functional linkage by functional complementarity". On this basis, taking the urban agglomeration of San Francisco Bay Area as an example, this paper discusses the evolution progress of San Francisco Bay Area from "single center agglomeration development" to "double-core symbiotic evolution", "polycentric development" and "generic network functional linkage development" from three aspects of liquidity, connectivity and complementarity. The study found that: 1) In the first stage (before the 1930s), fact flow strengthened the connection between San Francisco and Oakland, connectivity improved the status of Oakland, and functional complementarity promoted the symbiosis of the two cities. 2) In the second stage (1940s-1980s), the flow and converge of factors towards the south bay promoted the tripartite growth of San Francisco, Oakland and San Jose, transport connectivity strengthened the core-peripheral connection, and factor convection and functional reciprocity promoted the multi-center linkage development. 3) In the third stage (since 1980s), factor distribution and transportation network connectivity contributed to the generic network spatial structure, dislocation and complementary development strengthened the regional circulation and realized the functional linkage of the Bay Area. Based on the perspective of flow space, this paper reviews the basic situation of the development of world-class bay area urban agglomerations and excavates the internal mechanism of regional functional coordinated development driven by factor flow, which has reference significance for guiding China's cities from competition to competition and cooperation and establishing a new mechanism of regional coordinated development. The research shows that to promote the development of China's bay area in the future, we should: 1) Comply with the law of factor flow, innovate the mechanism and remove barriers to factor mobility, and promote the free flow of factors inside and outside the region; 2) Give play to the guiding role of the government and non-governmental organizations to improve the connectivity of software and hardware infrastructure within the region; 3) Explore the regional consultation mechanism, break through the regional administrative barriers, and formulate the regional development strategy of functional complementation and linkage with the help of multiple subject forces.

As the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area has become a national strategy, bay area governance has become an important issue of academic attention. Existing studies pay more attention to specific governance measures and current situation, and there are few studies on the environmental causes behind them. In addition, most of the existing studies focus on the governance of the Greater Bay Area from a single perspective of politics, law, economy, culture and society, and lack of a more comprehensive institutional environment perspective to summarize the theoretical explanation of the political, legal and participant issues that are particularly prominent in the governance of the Greater Bay Area. Therefore, studying the construction of a comparative analysis framework around the institutional environment is aimed to examine the internal causes of the governance characteristics of the Greater Bay Area, enrich the research perspective of domestic regional governance, and provide suggestions for the governance of the Greater Bay Area. This paper constructs a comparative research framework of bay area governance institutional environment, including three dimensions of power structure, legal structure and social capital structure. Using the text/desktop analysis method, it systematically summarizes the governance frameworks of the Greater Bay Area, San Francisco Bay Area and Tokyo Bay Area, and comparatively analyzes the governance institutional environment of the three bay areas. The study holds that the mode characteristics and effects of bay area governance are closely related to the institutional environment composed of power structure, legal structure and social capital structure. The power structure affects the flexibility of governance, and the power structure of the Greater Bay Area is asymmetric and fragmented, which is relatively closed and centralized, resulting in a single governance model always dominated by the government; the legal structure affects the transaction cost of governance, and the Greater Bay Area has not yet formed a unified and efficient legal system structure, resulting in higher transaction cost in the governance process; and the social capital structure affects the multiple participation in governance and the cohesion of the bay area, and in the Greater Bay Area, the positive social capital is relatively weak, the multiple participation in governance is insufficient and the bottom-up cohesion is not strong. Finally, it is suggested that the governance of the Greater Bay Area should start from the power, law and social capital structure, and explore the flexible reconstruction of the institutional space under the respective advantages of the three regions; in the construction of institutional environment, non-governmental subjects should be guided to participate in governance stably and orderly, so as to enhance the cohesion of the Greater Bay Area; and on the basis of ensuring the authoritative policies of the central and provincial governments, it should explore the decentralization and autonomy of local governments in the Greater Bay Area in due course. This paper constructs an institutional environment including power structure, legal structure and social capital structure, and comparatively analyzed the governance characteristics of the three bay areas under different institutional environments. From a more comprehensive perspective of environmental internal factors, it makes a theoretical explanation of the particularly prominent issues of politics, legal system and participants in the governance of the Greater Bay Area, which enriches the research perspective of regional governance in China.

The paper puts forward a perception and alarm method of rock burst and coal and gas outburst based on temperature. The infrared thermal imager is used to monitor the temperature of objects, and the methane sensor is used to monitor the concentration of ambient methane. When the temperature of the objects is higher than the ambient temperature of the coal mine and the temperature of the exposed coal rock, and the number, volume and area of objects that are higher than the ambient temperature and the temperature of the exposed coal rock are large, it is determined that rock burst, coal and gas outburst, mine fire or gas and coal dust explosion accidents have occurred. The temperature of the high temperature object is further determine. If it is greater than the set threshold, it is determined that a mine fire or a gas and coal dust explosion accident has occurred. Otherwise, it is determined that a rock burst or a coal and gas outburst accident has occurred. The change of methane concentration is further analyzed. If the methane concentration rises rapidly, it is determined that a coal and gas outburst accident has occurred. Otherwise, it is determined that a rock burst accident has occurred. The paper puts forward a perception and alarm method of rock burst and coal and gas outburst based on velocity. The lidar, millimeter-wave radar, ultrasonic radar, binocular vision camera are used to monitor the moving speed of objects. The methane sensors are applied to monitor the concentration of ambient methane. When the moving speed of the object is not less than the set threshold, it is determined that rock burst, coal and gas outburst or gas and coal dust explosion accident have occurred. The number, volume and area of objects with abnormal velocity is further determined. If the number of objects with abnormal velocity is small, the volume and area are small, it is determined that a gas and coal dust explosion accident has occurred. If the number of objects with abnormal velocity is large, the volume and area are large, it is determined that a rock burst or a coal and gas outburst accident has occurred. The changes of methane concentration are further analyzed. If the methane concentration increases rapidly, it is determined that a coal and gas outburst accident has occurred. Otherwise, it is determined that a rock burst accident has occurred. A multi-information fusion method for perception, alarming and judging disaster source of rock burst and coal and gas outburst is proposed. The method monitors and integrates various information such as temperature, speed, acceleration, burial depth, sound, air pressure, wind speed, wind direction, dust, methane concentration, equipment status, micro-seismic, geosound, stress, infrared radiation, electromagnetic radiation and images so as to monitor the pressure and coal and gas outbursts. The source of the disaster is determined through the magnitude of parameter changes at different locations, the sequence relationship and sensor damage.

Intelligent optimization algorithms (IOA) refer to a kind of algorithm that is used to solve optimization problems by imitating the survival and evolution process of natural creatures or physical phenomena as the algorithm principle. The well-known intelligent optimization algorithms include genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization, simulated annealing algorithm, etc. Intelligent optimization algorithm is a heuristic method, which is widely used in solving optimization problems and provides some new ideas for solving some practical problems. With the advan-cement of science and technology and the increase in the complexity of application scenarios, traditional intelligent optimization algorithms can no longer satisfy optimization problems in terms of solving effects and accuracy. Therefore, new and more efficient intelligent optimization algorithms are constantly being proposed. Several new intelligent optimization algorithms have been proposed at home and abroad in recent years, such as butterfly optimization algorithm (BOA), moth-flame optimization (MFO), sine cosine algorithm (SCA), grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA), Harris hawks optimization (HHO) and sparrow search algorithm (SSA). This paper describes the basic principle, algorithm steps, corresponding improvement strategies with advantages and disadvantages of each algorithm. To objectively compare the performance of each algorithm, this paper further evaluates the performance of each algorithm through 21 test functions of 3 types and 6 indicators. Finally, this paper summarizes the characteristics of the algorithm and prospects the development direction of intelligent optimization algorithm.

Traditional villages are the best witness of the process of agriculture civilization, with rich material and intangible culture heritage. However, under the influence of rapid urbanization, industrialization and globalization, the development of traditional villages is faced with dilemmas such as the decline of material space, the inactivation of cultural space and the hollowing of social space. Scientifically guiding the function renewal and spatial adaptive transformation of traditional villages is not only the practical needs of their protection and development, but also an important topic of rural development and planning research in China. Taking the national traditional village Maihuayucun Village in Huangshan City as an example, on the basis of field investigation, combined with the relevant literature review, and based on the perspective of "ternary dialectics" of space production, this paper analyzes the spatial transformation process, characteristics and driving mechanism of traditional villages from the three dimensions of material space, social space and institutional space. The results show that: (1) Since the reform and opening up, Maihuayucun Village has gradually evolved from a traditional agricultural village to an industrial village characterized with bonsai industry, which has experienced three stages: endogenous slow transformation and development, exogenous space rapid expansion and orderly space quality improvement. (2) The spatial transformation of traditional villages is characterized by the functional differentiation and remodeling of material space, the disintegration and reconstruction of social space, and the gradual improvement of institutional space. The space function has gradually changed from the traditional production and living function to multiple composite functions such as ecological leisure, characteristic bonsai planting, commercial operation and service, and cultural inheritance and display. The livelihood of villagers has been diversified, from the traditional single agricultural planting industry to the diversified livelihood methods such as bonsai management, farmhouse entertainment, and tourism services, and the social relations have changed from closed tradition to open and modern. And the subject of institutional space has changed from the dual subject of village committee and villagers to the multiple subject of government, village committee, villagers, capital and tourists. (3) The changes of social relations, capital investment and power intervention are the main driving forces for the spatial production of Maihuayucun Village. The three forces interact and promote the interactive evolution of social space, material space and institutional space, and jointly promote the spatial transformation. With the disintegration of traditional agricultural economy and the growth of bonsai industry, the growing demand for production and residence of villagers has promoted the continuous expansion and transformation of village material space. Driven by bonsai industry and rural tourism, the exogenous construction of villages has developed rapidly, and the support of a large amount of external capital has provided a strong driving force for the spatial transformation of villages. A series of rural development policies and measures issued by the state, especially the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, provide strategic guidance and policy guarantee for the protection, development and spatial transformation of traditional villages. In the context of rural revitalization and integrated rural and urban development in the new era, and the increasingly complex relationship between man and land in rural areas, it is particularly important to explore the differentiated and distinctive path of China's rural transformation and development. And the research on the temporal and spatial characteristics and mechanism of rural spatial transformation of different types and different spatial scales needs to be further broken through. This paper can provide reference for relevant researches in terms of research perspective, research ideas and research spatial scale, and provide guidance for the protection, development and planning of traditional villages

Personalized learning recommendation is a research field of intelligent learning. Its goal is to provide specific learners with effective learning resources on the learning platform, thereby enhancing learning enthusiasm and learning effect. Although the existing recommendation methods have been widely used in learning scenarios, the scientific rules of learning activities make personalized learning recommendations unique in terms of personalized parameter setting, recommendation goal setting, and evaluation standard design. In response to the above-mentioned problems, the research of personalized learning recommendation in recent years is reviewed on the basis of investigating a large number of literatures. The research on personalized learning recommendation is systematically sorted out and interpreted from five aspects, i.e., the general framework of learning recommendation, learner modeling, learning recommendation object modeling, learning recommendation algorithm, and learning recommendation evaluation. Firstly, the general framework of learning recommendation system is proposed. Secondly, the ideas and methods of learner modeling are introduced. Next, the ideas and methods of learning recommendation object modeling are discussed. Then, this paper summarizes the algorithm and model of learning recommendation. The following, this paper summarizes the design and method of learning recommendation evaluation. This paper also analyzes the main ideas, implementation plans, advantages and disadvantages of the existing research in these five aspects. Finally, this paper also looks forward to the future development direction of personalized learning recommendation, which lays foundation for further in-depth research on intelligent learning.

Medical humanities have experienced vigorous development in the past 100 years. Its connotation and research direction have been continuously enriched, and it has provided great help for medical education. This paper reviewed the development history of medical humanities in the past 100 years, focusing on the history of medicine, bioethics, medical anthropology and narrative medicine. At the same time, this paper analyzed the reasons behind the movements of medical humanities, and on this basis, expounded the requirements of future development of medical humanities in China, so as to promote the research and education of medical humanities in China.

Recognizing multi-scale objects and objects with occlusions is a key and difficult point of task in object detection. In order to detect objects with different sizes, the object detector usually uses the hierarchical structure of multi-scale feature map constructed by convolutional neural network (CNN). However, due to the small convolution layer of the bottom feature map, the top-down structure lacks the detailed information needed to capture the features of small object. The performance of these object detectors is limited. Therefore, based on the Faster R-CNN (region-convolutional neural network) framework, this paper proposes Collaborative R-CNN. This paper designs a cascaded network structure that integrates multi-scale feature maps to generate deeply fused feature information and thereby improving the ability to detect small objects. Moreover, the quantization in the RoIPooling process greatly limits the recognition ability of small objects. In order to further improve the robustness of the method, a multi-scale RoIAlign is designed to eliminate such quantization, and the ability of network to detect objects with different scales is improved by multi-scale pooling. Finally, this paper combines an adversarial network with the proposed network to generate training samples with occlusions, significantly improving the classification ability of the model, and robustness to detect occlusions. Experimental results for the PASCAL VOC 2012 and PASCAL VOC 2007 datasets demonstrate the superiority of proposed approach relative to several state-of-the-art approaches.

Mobile edge computing (MEC) supports terminal devices to offload tasks or applications to edge cloud server for processing. Edge cloud server will consume local resources when processing external tasks, so it is particularly important to build a resource pricing mechanism that charges terminal devices to reward edge cloud. The existing pricing mechanism relies on the static pricing of intermediaries, and high cost and late processing of terminal tasks make it difficult to realize the effective utilization of edge cloud computing resources. Aiming at the above problems, this paper proposes an edge cloud resource pricing mechanism based on Stackelberg game. Firstly, in view of the local task shelving problem of terminal devices due to insufficient funds during resource pricing, an auxiliary mechanism including loans and incentives is proposed to realize the timely processing of terminal devices tasks. Secondly, four price-oriented factors that affect resource pricing are proposed, and two pricing schemes, consistency and elasticity, are formulated to improve the accuracy and efficiency of pricing and prepare for dynamic pricing. Then, in order to make the dynamic pricing between terminal devices and edge cloud directly, a resource pricing mechanism model based on Stackelberg game is built, and the resource demand and pricing problem is transformed into the problem of maximum revenue of edge cloud and minimum payment cost of terminal devices. Finally, through improved reinforcement learning SARSA (state action reward state action) algorithm, the optimal strategy of resource demand and pricing is obtained. Experiments show that the pricing mechanism proposed in this paper is more than 12% better than other pricing algorithms in terms of edge cloud revenue maximization, and the edge cloud revenue under the elasticity pricing scheme is 24% better than that of the consistency pricing scheme.

Agriculture is directly related to food security, which is highly dependent on and significantly impacts resources and the environment. Sustainable agriculture development is key to achieving the sustainable development goals. Frontiers, hot topics, and trends of sustainable agriculture development were summarized for scientific research and decision-making by CiteSpace based on 1 174 papers published in the Web of Science and 1 043 papers published in China National Knowledge Infrastructure from 2000 to 2019. Results showed that the frontiers were mainly focused on"food system resilience and food security", "ecological intensification and sustainable intensification", "agricultural muti-functionality and urban agriculture", and"trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services in agroecosystem". Hotspots included how climate change impacts agricultural systems and its adaptive management, ecosystem services management in agro-ecosystems, and the environmental impact assessment of agricultural activities and integrated sustainability assessment of an agricultural system. It is suggested that the coupling mechanism of the"climate-land-water-energy-food"nexus should be further analyzed, and"influencing factors-action mechanisms-regulation methods"of agro-ecosystem should be systematically studied in the future.

Proteins, as the material basis of life, are the ultimate controller and direct performer of life activities. Most proteins perform their biological functions by binding to other proteins to form complexes. The identification of protein complexes can help people to better understand the organization and functions of the complexes, as well as the mechanisms of cells. At present, the rapid development of high-throughput experimental technology has led to huge amounts of protein-protein interaction (PPI) data. Many methods for computationally predicting protein complexes based on PPI data have been proposed. Different methods have their own characteristics and advantages, and they also have inherent drawbacks. Firstly, this paper classifies and comprehensively analyzes and reviews the existing protein complex prediction methods. Then, it introduces the commonly used evaluation indicators and main data sets in complex prediction, compares and analyzes the prediction performance of several representative methods. Finally, it summarizes state-of-the-art complex prediction methods, highlights future research directions, and puts forward several issues to be resolved in the future. It is hoped that through the analysis and comparison of various methods, this paper can provide some valuable guidance and future directions for users and researchers on using the existing methods and developing new methods of protein complex prediction.

In the past 30 years, the study of Chinese heritage at home and abroad has gradually increased. Influenced by Western heritage research, Chinese heritage research has been developed and conducted independently, forming a huge interdisciplinary heritage research system with unique Chinese academic characteristics. Among them, architecture has led to the evaluation, repair, and activation of heritage material carriers. Sociology has focused on the excavation and construction of heritage history and cultural value. Archaeology has continued to promote heritage archaeology and interpretation. Geography, with its comprehensive vision, has made abundant achievements and become increasingly important, but its research context is rather vague. Therefore, to clarify the specific geographical contribution in the field of heritage research, this study, based on CNKI, CSSCI, WOS, and other databases, uses the knowledge graph tool to sort 1,172 geographical papers from 1990 to 2020. The contributions of this study are as follows: The first concerns obvious stage characteristics. The number of studies has increased rapidly since 2005, peaking thrice in the last decade. The number of articles presented a "zigzag" type development trend, and keywords showed olive type development characteristics. The research has experienced the initial stage of "World Heritage" (1990-2004), the multi-exploration stage of "intangible cultural Heritage", "agricultural heritage" and many other topics (2005-2012), and the in-depth research stage focusing on practice and theory (2013-2020). Second, the cooperation network of scholars presents a "small agglomeration and large dispersion" pattern. This includes a large number of independent scholars, small coauthors scattered sporadically, and a closely linked aggregation group in which the core authors have a high primacy ratio. Third, cultural heritage research is the largest in quantity. The content involves agricultural cultural heritage, intangible cultural heritage, world heritage, and other sections. Agricultural heritage research is at the forefront of the international and becomes hotspots in geographical heritage research, with the literature focusing on the impact of ecologically sustainable environmental change and tourism development and utilization, and gradually expanding its scope to include the origin of the evolution of agricultural, landscape, economic and cultural value research. Based on the analysis of 198 papers with a high citation rate, this study shows the geographical research characteristics of emphasizing the orientation of reality and practice, focusing on the relationship between subject and object, and attaching importance to spatial analysis. In the future, geography should make more contributions to consolidate the leading position of agricultural heritage research, promote theoretical output, build the heritage research academic community, and expand the multi-perspective of heritage research.

It is an era of "heritage" that we live in. After nearly two decades of practice and exploration, the social and academic circles have accumulated rich experience in the protection of intangible cultural heritage, especially the scholars of ethnology and art, who have made outstanding contributions to the development of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) protection system with local characteristics. However, comprehensive and critical geographical studies have paid less attention to this topic with less contribution. Firstly, this paper reviews the practice of intangible cultural heritage protection since 2003, starting from the birth of the concept of "intangible cultural heritage" and the revival of Chinese traditional folklore culture. The research progress of China's intangible cultural heritage is analyzed through the database of CNKI. And it is found that the intangible cultural heritage research has experienced two periods－rapid prosperity and steady growth, but relatively few papers have been published in high-quality and geographical journals. Due to the large number of related papers, it is impossible or unnecessary to exhaust all research topics. Therefore, based on the research and practical experience, three key topics in the academic research of intangible cultural heritage are summarized: "characteristics and the construction of meaning", "transmission and the reflection on systems", and "development and community initiative". And Section 3.1 focuses on the basic characteristics of intangible cultural heritage, the importance of intangible cultural heritage as social construction, and the significance of "making" intangible cultural heritage. The current basic laws and regulations for the protection and transmission of China's intangible cultural heritage－representative projects and representative transmitters of intangible cultural heritage are re-examined. It is called for respect for the views and opinions of community group when turning to the "community" in intangible cultural heritage. And it is believed that Chinese scholars have formed a new method and new theoretical system of intangible cultural heritage research with local Chinese characteristics, by actively learning from the academic achievements of western critical heritage research. Secondly, intangible cultural heritage has been incorporated into the national political system as an important cultural resource to promote the implementation of major national strategies. Rethinking the significance and role of intangible cultural heritage under the three geographical national strategies of rural revitalization, urban development and cultural nation, it is found that as a unique cultural resource, intangible cultural heritage plays an important role in promoting the implementation of major national strategies and urban and rural development. And it is believed that the social significance and academic value of intangible cultural heritage should be further explored continuously. Finally, five possible topics for geographers to study intangible cultural heritage are proposed in this paper－transmitters' daily life, social justice, mobility, natural and cultural interaction and international communication, so as to encourage and inspire the geographical research of intangible cultural heritage in the future.

Effective graph analysis methods can reveal the intrinsic characteristics of graph data. However, graph is non-Euclidean data, which leads to high computation and space cost while applying traditional methods. Graph embedding is an efficient method for graph analysis. It converts original graph data into a low-dimensional space and retains key information to improve the performance of downstream tasks such as node classification, link prediction, and node clustering. Different from previous studies, this paper focuses on both static and dynamic graph embedding. Firstly, this paper proposes a universal taxonomy of static and dynamic methods, including matrix factorization based methods, random walk based methods, autoencoder based methods, graph neural networks (GNN) based methods and other embedding methods. Secondly, this paper analyzes the theoretical relevance of static and dynamic methods, and comprehensively summarizes the core strategy, downstream tasks and datasets. Finally, this paper proposes four potential research directions of graph embedding.

The widely researched sentence-level event extraction methods struggle to extract all arguments of the same event from a whole document. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a joint model for document-level event extraction based on deep learning. Firstly, an entity recognition module based on multi-head self-attention mechanism is used to identify entities and their types sentence by sentence. Then, an event type detection module trained by defining the importance of different argument roles, is used to locate the event mention sentence and predict the event type without the help of event triggers. Finally, an event argument extraction module embeds every entity??s semantic vector with its type information and its distance to the event mention sentence before feeding into a context-aware Transformer, in order to extract arguments within the document scope. In addition, by training the three modules mentioned above jointly, this paper realizes an end-to-end event extraction model and avoids error propagation problems in traditional pipeline models. The experimental results on a public dataset shows that, when each document contains only one event, the proposed model achieves a 86.3% [F1-score], which outperforms state-of-the-art methods, and the training process completes rather quickly.

With the increasing popularity of mobile devices, a large amount of user check-in point of interests (POIs) data have been accumulated. The information of user check-in makes the recommendation of the next POI become a hot issue in recent years. The accuracy of the next POI recommendation is restricted by two aspects: On the one hand, the sparsity of check-in data. At present, most researchers alleviate data sparsity problem to a certain extent by introducing geographic correlation or friend evaluation information on POIs. However, not all POIs have strong geographic correlation, and only a small number of users comment on POIs where they have check-ins. On the other hand, deep learning based check-in sequence training has the problem of gradient disappearing. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposes a user??s next POI recommendation model which integrates the influence of regions and friends. Firstly, the region information of POIs is integrated into the sequence of POIs. Sequentially, this paper uses the neural network model with residual connection to embed the sequence, to avoid gradient vanishing and improve the convergence of the model. Finally, this model integrates the information of POIs visited by friends for recommendation, to improve the accuracy of POI recommendation. Experimental results show that the proposed model is more accurate than other existing models.

The aggregation of buildings is generally based on the disjoint in spatial topological relationships. However, with the diversification of data sources, the spatial topological relationships between polygons inside large buildings also become diversified and even inconsistent, making it difficult to aggregate building polygons, while the multi-scale visualization of buildings in the smart city requires rapid and accurate extraction of the contour shapes of complex buildings. For this reason, this paper proposes an aggregation method of buildings based on the shortest adjacent line between vertexes interpolated. First, recursively search for adjacent polygons based on the aggregation distance to determine the clustering regions, which is convenient for processing the map data in every region. Then, for each clustered region, encrypt vertices for each polygon using a linear interpolation method according to the order of the points on it; after that, search and construct the shortest adjacent line between each vertice and the adjacent polygon through the grid index, and delete the three types of shortest adjacent lines which are abnormal; then, merge the effective shortest adjacent lines in a certain order to form the shortest adjacent line group, and further filter out three kinds of special cases, so as to determine the aggregation area of adjacent polygons; finally, the recursive search is performed clockwise according to the minimum rotation angle, and the contour of polygons including the inner ring and the outer ring is extracted. Experiments show that this method can quickly detect the aggregation area between the adjacent polygons. Experiments in this paper show that this method can quickly detect the adjacent aggregation areas between building polygons and accurately extract the outer contour lines of complex building entities in real-time. The overall contours extracted are close to the actual situation, which provides conditions for building visualization.

Multi-view subspace clustering has attracted increasing attention for revealing the inherent low-dimension structure of the data. Nevertheless, most existing methods directly fuse the multiple noisy affinity matrices from the original data, and commonly conduct clustering after obtaining a unified multi-view representation. Separating the representation learning from the clustering process can result in a suboptimal clustering result. To this end, this paper proposes a one-stage partition-fusion multi-view subspace clustering algorithm. Instead of directly fusing the noisy and redundant affinity matrices, this paper fuses the more discriminative partition-level information extracted from the affinity matrices. Moreover, this paper proposes a new framework, integrating representation learning, multiple information fusion and final clustering process. The three sub-processes promote each other to serve clustering best. The promising clustering results can lead to better representations and therefore better clustering performance. Consequently, this paper solves the resultant optimization problem through an alternative algorithm. Experiment results on four real-world benchmark datasets show the effectiveness and superior performance of the proposed method over the state-of-the-art approaches.

Aimed at the problems of wide area distribution, resource dispersion, and inefficient aggregation of distributed energy storage, this paper proposes an aggregation model and evaluation method of distributed energy storage based on the adaptive equalization technology. First, this paper establishes an adaptive equalization function model based on dynamic characteristic parameters such as energy storage capacity, power, and state of charge. Then, based on the adaptive equalization function model, it establishes the aggregation model and evaluation method of distributed energy storage, which takes the power regulation rate, adaptive equalization rate, and capacity contribution rate as the dynamic parameters of aggregation degree. The example simulation verifies that the model can realize the fact that each energy storage unit can complete the aggregation from energy storage unit to energy storage aggregate with a smaller internal difference and a higher external aggregation rate. It can be applied to a large number of distributed energy storage aggregation participating in grid auxiliary services, and realize the efficient utilization of energy storage resources.

In order to effectively solve the trust problem of both parties in the process of geographic data transaction, this paper proposes a geographic data transaction certificate and copyright protection model combining zero-watermark, IPFS and smart contract technology. The model uses the IPFS system to build a new mechanism for zero-watermark registration, which can eliminate the dependence on third-party IPR institutions. Through the smart contract design, the zero-watermark information is registered, and the transaction information is stored permanently in the blockchain to realize the time-stamp authentication of zero-watermark registration. The tamper-resistant of blockchain and the automatic execution mechanism of smart contract in the model enable both parties to reach a consensus and achieve mutual trust without the supervision of a third party. Based on this model, this paper uses "Ant OpenChain" as a smart contract development platform to develop a transaction and copyright protection system for geographic data. With this system, both sides of the transaction can call the smart contract to obtain the transaction certificate from the blockchain. Then, the watermark information is extracted by the zero-watermark downloaded from the IPFS network. Finally, the data copyright can be confirmed and the source can be traced effectively for protecting rights or solving disputes by combining the transaction certificate and watermark information to confirm. Experiments show that the proposed method can protect the rights and interests of both parties and protect the security of transaction data simultaneously.

As the lightest metal structural materials, magnesium and its alloys have great potential to achieve lightweight products in the future. However, magnesium has a high corrosion sensitivity, and the magnesium hydroxide film formed on the surface is loose and porous with little protection, which leads to its application being limited. How to improve the corrosion resistance of magnesium has become a worldwide problem that restricts its application. Alloying is one of the ways to radically improve the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys. In this paper, the corrosion mechanisms of pure magnesium and the mechanisms of alloying elements on the corrosion performance of magnesium alloys are described in terms of the influence of alloying elements on the corrosion resistance of magnesium and its alloys. In addition, protection mechanisms produced by alloying elements on magnesium alloys were compiled, and the protection mechanisms and corresponding characteristics of beneficial elements on magnesium alloys were summarized. This can provide some reference for the development of new magnesium alloys and the improvement of the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys. In addition, this paper contributes to a better understanding of the corrosion behavior of magnesium alloys. At present, there is no magnesium alloys can be as good as aluminum alloys or stainless steels corrosion resistance, so the development of corrosion-resistant magnesium alloys needs further research. This paper provides a theoretical basis for the interaction between elements in magnesium alloys, which can provide ideas for the development of new corrosion-resistant magnesium alloys. The synergy between the elements will have a significant impact on the design, process and performance of new corrosion resistant magnesium alloys, and as the research progresses, it is expected that new corrosion-resistant magnesium alloys similar to "stainless steel" will be constructed.

The selection of road network is a fuzzy decision-making process. Aiming at problems such as noise, conflict and human decision-making in the cartographic generalization algorithm based on general case reasoning, this paper proposes a road network selection method which uses ontology to organize cases and conduct knowledge reasoning. In this paper, we extract expert cases from series scale map and describe them formally according to ternary model. To realize knowledge reasoning, these cases are used to build a domain ontology repository, reorganizing their representation format. Then, ontology rule extension helps to identify and eliminate noise and conflict cases. Additionally, with methods of semantic mapping and graph query, the semantic and geometric features of the road network to be selected are associated with the ontology repository to realize road network selection automatically.

The noble metal deposition will occur to block the discharge port and cause damage to the bottom electrode of the furnace when the high-level liquid waste from power reactor spent fuel reprocessing, rich in noble metals, were vitrified. This paper summarizes the related solutions, mainly including furnace structure improvement and the separation and recovery of noble metal, by investigating noble metal deposition phenomena and problems in the vitrification of high-level liquid waste at home and abroad. The paper points out that for the high content of noble metals in spent fuels with deep burnup, the combination of above two solutions must be considered on the basis of studying the deposition behavior of precious metals in the furnace. The research in this paper can provide a certain reference for the operation of domestic high-level liquid waste glass vitrification.

Data visualization plays an important role in discovering rules from massive data,enhancing data performance and improving interaction efficiency.At present,the concept of data visualization and related research fields are expanding.In terms of data types,the current visualization research gradually focuses on the fields of multidimensional data,time series data,network data and hierarchical data.Through the analysis of Chinese and foreign literature on CNKI,it can be seen that 2014 and 2015 are "milestone" years in which the research heat in the field of data visualization is upgraded and a large number of theoretical achievements are produced;Data visualization is an important supporting field of rapid development after the formation of the research upsurge in the field of big data in China;The research in the field of data visualization at home and abroad has basically achieved synchronization in time;Wuhan University,Zhejiang University,Beijing University of Posts and telecommunications,University of national defense science and technology and University of Electronic Science and technology research actively in this field in China.In order to obtain good visual effects,help users reduce the difficulty of understanding,efficiently analyze data and insight value,It is usually necessary to pay attention to technical points such as color and semantics,highlighting core data,preventing data overload and preventing excessive divergence of thinking.The existing data visualization technologies are mainly divided into geometry based technology,icon based technology,dimension reduction based technology,pixel oriented technology,time series based technology,network data based technology,hierarchical visualization technology and distribution technology.Visualization methods based on geometric technology,including parallel coordinates,scatter matrix,Andrews curve,etc;The coordinate based visualization method can clearly show the relationship between variables,but limited by the screen size,it is difficult to visually display all dimensions when the data dimensions exceed three.It needs to be displayed in combination with human-computer interaction technology,which is suitable for the correlation between different dimensions,such as the correlation between students' learning behaviors;Icon based visualization method mainly includes star drawing method and Chernoff surface method.Geometric graphics are used as icons to depict multi-dimensional data,which intuitively reflects the visual significance of each work surface.It is suitable for work completion and incentive work progress overview,etc;The visualization method based on dimension reduction technology determines the coordinates of points according to the dimension attributes and maps them to the low-dimensional visual space on the premise of keeping the data relationship unchanged.The dimension reduction technology mainly involves principal component analysis,self-organizing mapping,isometric mapping,etc;The visualization method based on time series is a visualization method to display the relationship and influence degree between data,mainly including linear graph,stacking graph,horizon graph,etc.the corresponding data is collected with the development of time and presented by the above three visualization methods,which is suitable for representing the flow and change state of information data,such as the trend distribution of grades in different time periods and the change of theme concepts,etc;The core of the visualization method based on network data is the automatic layout algorithm,which draws the graph of network structure through automatic layout and calculation.It mainly strongly guides the layout,circular layout and grid layout,etc.It is commonly used to represent the large-scale social network structure,which is suitable for activity analysis,citation relationship,etc;Hierarchical visualization technology mainly includes node connection,space filling and hybrid methods,etc.it represents the data of hierarchical structure by drawing nodes and bounding boxes with different shapes.It is suitable for the discovery and mining of interactive relationships among group members,such as the interaction between online collaborative employees.Based on the analysis of data visualization CNKI research,this paper puts forward some points for attention in the process of data visualization,and points out that data visualization technology needs to focus on color matching and establish a relationship between color and the importance of data content;The visualization scheme shall reasonably combine and apply relevant visualization technologies based on business logic on the basis of meeting business needs;The unified visualization style helps to improve the coherence,consistency and efficiency of people's understanding of data;At the same time,It also takes into account the aesthetic requirements of users and establishes a reasonable matching relationship between style and color;Data visualization should focus on the practical,reasonable and efficient performance of key processes,key objectives and key results.This paper also summarizes the visualization application example Echarts,including the application of Echarts interactive components (markPoint and markLine annotation point components,datazoom area components,legend interactive components) in visualization,dynamic data rendering and so on.Finally,the challenges and future research directions of visualization are analyzed and prospected,and it is pointed out that virtual reality,visualization system and data analysis are the research directions of visualization in the future.Its application also includes statistical visualization,news visualization,thinking visualization,social network visualization and search log visualization.

Trial difficulty prediction (TDP) is the task of automatically predicting the difficulty of a trial given the case text, which has a broad application prospect in judicial intelligent system. In practice, the tools of TDP rely heavily on the experience of experts, which leads different conclusions in predicting the difficulty of the trial. However, there are few related research work. To address these issues, this paper regards it as a text classification problem in natural language processing. Through the analysis, it is found that, traditional text classification methods don??t consider the structural uniqueness and logical dependence among trial elements in complaint, which makes it difficult to predict the difficulty of a trial accurately. In order to solve the mentioned challenges, this paper carefully studies indictments and considers the complex and simple trial elements for judging cases, presents an end-to-end model, MAT-TAN (mask-attention and topological association network). Specifically, this paper proposes a novel mask-attention network (MAT), to carry out fine-grained analysis of a case description text in indictments. The masking mechanism plays a role of the intelligent gatekeeper, focusing on the specific position of the trial elements in indictments. Together with the self-attention mechanism, it extracts the comprehensive and accurate characteristics of each trial element. This paper proposes a novel topological association network (TAN), which models the judicial logic dependency relationship between different elements, and effectively integrates the characteristics of different elements. Finally, the TDP is realized. The experimental results conducted on real-world datasets demonstrate that the MAT-TAN can improve the macro averaged F1 up to 0.036 compared with baselines, showing that it has a better performance in TDP.

Current research on lip recognition focuses on improving recognition accuracy and studying features of multimodal inputs. However, little attention has been paid to improving the effectiveness of lip visual features. Lip visual information plays a key role in visual speech recognition and lip recognition. It is important when audio is destroyed or has no information. How to obtain accurate and effective lip visual features is one of the most difficult tasks in lip recognition. This paper reviews the latest research work on lip recognition in recent years from three aspects: lip dataset, traditional visual feature extraction methods, and in-depth learning methods for visual feature extraction. Firstly, this paper summarizes the dataset for lip recognition. The lip dataset is divided into two types: front view and multi-view. Further two types of datasets are summarized from their characteristics, limitations, and download addresses. Secondly, this paper introduces the traditional methods of lip visual feature extraction from the perspective of pixel point, shape and mixed features. The basic idea, network structure and features of each method are mainly introduced. In the deep learning method of lip visual feature extraction, the network structure, advantages and disadvantages of four deep learning methods are mainly introduced, such as 2D CNN, 3D CNN, 2D CNN combined with 3D CNN, and other neural networks. The performance of these methods on open datasets is compared. Finally, the challenges faced by lip visual feature extraction methods and future research trends are prospected.

Low-power carbon monoxide sensor is an important guarantee for safe coal mining and a key foundation for distributed wireless sensing technology. In this paper, the working principle of low-power carbon monoxide sensor is described, and the latest research progress of electrochemical and semiconductor carbon monoxide sensor is introduced. This paper analyzes their advantages and disadvantages and proposes the development direction and prospects of low-power carbon monoxide sensor. ① The electrochemical carbon monoxide sensor is mainly composed of electrodes and electrolyte. There are two-electrode structure and three-electrode structure. The two-electrode electrochemical carbon monoxide sensor has no reference electrode. It has a simple structure and is easy to be designed and manufactured. The sensor has a low cost and is suitable for the monitoring of low-concentration carbon monoxide. The three-electrode electrochemical carbon monoxide sensor introduces a reference electrode with a larger range and higher accuracy, but the cost is high. The electrochemical carbon monoxide sensor has a short response time and has the prospect of distributed wireless sensing applications. The research focus is on the preparation of platinum-carbon composite electrodes. However, the electrochemical carbon monoxide sensor still uses liquid solvent, which has the risk of liquid leakage. Moreover, it is difficult to realize micro-miniaturization. The future development trend is to avoid the use of liquid solvents, to study all solid-state electrochemical carbon monoxide sensors, and to control the porosity to shorten the response and recovery time. On the other hand, the trend is to find cheap and efficient electrode materials to reduce sensor costs. In addition, manufacturing micro-miniaturized electrochemical carbon monoxide sensor is also an important part of future work. ② The semiconductor carbon monoxide sensor can be divided into non-micro-heating plate type and micro-heating plate type. The non-micro-heating plate type carbon monoxide sensor uses a ceramic tube substrate or an alumina plate substrate. Due to the large heater size, severe heat conduction and high power consumption with usually above 100 mW, it is difficult to be used in distributed wireless sensing occasions. The micro-heating plate type carbon monoxide sensor has low thermal quality, which can greatly reduce the operating power consumption of the heater. It is also compatible with integrated circuit process. A system-on-chip carbon monoxide sensor can be obtained, which reduces the power consumption of peripheral circuits and is suitable for IoT applications. The micro-heating plate type carbon monoxide sensor is smaller than solid electrolyte electrochemical carbon monoxide sensor, and has the advantages of low cost, high sensitivity and easy on-chip integration. However, it is easily affected by humidity and the baseline is easy to drift. The future research direction is to improve the modification of sensitive materials, optimize the packaging process, and use intelligent algorithms to self-calibrate the baseline. It is proposed to use zeolite to modify sensitive materials to reduce the impact of humidity on the sensor, or use a water-repellent membrane such as polytetrafluoroethylene in the packaging process. The intelligent algorithm can use a combination of support vector machines and artificial neural networks or artificial intelligence algorithms. In the future, it is hoped that high-efficiency edge computing can be achieved to improve the efficiency and accuracy.

Whether the location is accurately described or not directly affects the quality of service of LBS. Relative location description is a common way of location information exchange within the text big data, and its core element lies in the selection of reference landmarks. Accurate and effective evaluation of landmark influence is an important foundation for correct selection of a reference landmark. The models involved in the current research focus on the impact on the inherent characteristics of landmarks. However, non-isolated landmarks are always subject to the dual constraints on their internal characteristics and external landmarks at the same time. Therefore, the influence of distance between landmarks can not be ignored in actual scenes. This paper evaluates the individual influence of landmarks from the aspects of cognition, vision and scene, and calculates the relative influence of each landmark on the point to be located by using the distance between the point and the landmark. A landmark influence evaluation model considering distance constraints is proposed to solve above problems. Finally, take multiple adjacent landmarks in the surrounding area of Bayi square in Nanchang as an example, an on-site questionnaire surveys was performed to verify the effectiveness of the evaluation model. The results show that the model proposed in the paper has a good performance and most recommended landmarks could meet people's psychological expectations than the existing models.

In the early screening of ophthalmic diseases, diabetes, heart disease and other diseases, automatic mon-itoring of fundus capillaries occupies an important position. To solve the deficiency of blood vessel segmentation caused by the imprecise expression of capillary features, this paper proposes a multi-block residual neural network model (MbResU-Net) which uses the encoding-decoding network structure. In order to reduce the information loss caused by the semantic gap between network encoder and decoder, the model uses a nonlinear network structure instead of shortcut connections to be embedded in the network. In order to obtain the detailed features of fundus blood vessels, MbResU-Net connects three U-shaped networks in a residual block, and then extracts as much as possible low-level features of the fundus tube on the premise of avoiding information loss. To ensure the seg-mentation quality, with the proper pre-processing images to the network, it designs a cross-entropy loss function incorporating the cost matrix to train the network parameters. This paper compares MbResU-Net and the existing fundus blood vessel segmentation algorithms on the DRIVE and CHASE DB1 color fundus image datasets. Exper-iments show that MbResU-Net is superior to existing methods in Sen, ACC and AUC. The Sen is 0.7987 and 0.7972, ACC is 0.9648 and 0.9726 and AUC is 0.9791 and 0.9824. Experiments prove the effectiveness and robustness of the model in the segmentation of complex curvature and small blood vessels.