56,065 results
Search Results
152. All roads lead to Rome? Analysing the electoral performance of populist radical left parties in Europe (2008-2018): a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis.
- Author
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Ramos-González, Jorge
- Subjects
POPULIST parties (Politics) ,RADICALISM ,RIGHT-wing populism ,LIBERALISM - Abstract
In the last decade, there have been numerous studies on the rise, characteristics, and consequences of the emergence of populist parties in Western liberal democracies. However, most analyses of European populist parties have focused on the right-wing populist parties. Although some scholars have made valuable efforts to understand left-wing populism in Europe, these studies have paid attention to their ideological-organizational idiosyncrasies or the characteristics of their electoral bases. This paper aims to fill the gap in the economic and political contexts in which Radical Left Populist Parties have achieved significant electoral results putting into practice a fsQCA analysis and examining their uneven electoral performance in Europe. Following some previous work applying QCA techniques, this paper tests the theory on the importance of economic and political factors. Findings indicate that the electoral performance of radical left populism cannot be explained in a univocal way, highlighting the crucial role of equifinality in understanding this political phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
153. Restrictive human rights measures against the spread of COVID-19: an interdisciplinary approach between law and health-care management.
- Author
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Pervou, Ioanna and Mpogiatzidis, Panagiotis
- Subjects
HUMAN rights ,PREVENTION of infectious disease transmission ,IMMUNIZATION ,FEAR ,HEALTH policy ,COVID-19 vaccines ,DECISION making ,PUBLIC opinion ,STAY-at-home orders ,PUBLIC health ,COVID-19 ,COVID-19 pandemic ,SOCIAL distancing - Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the close relationship between the disciplines of law and health-care studies. This interrelation has become particularly evident during the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, when restrictive human rights provisions have been initiated by many states for the sake of public health. Research focuses on the notional proximity of the principle of proportionality and its health-care correlative: effectiveness. It also goes through the influence of acceptance rates for the application of restrictive measures. Design/methodology/approach: Research focuses on interdisciplinary literature review, taking into consideration judicial decisions and data on acceptance rates of restrictive human rights measures in particular. Analysis goes in depth when two categories of restrictive human rights measures against the spread of the pandemic are examined in depth: restrictive measures to achieve social distancing and mandatory vaccination of professional groups. Findings: Restrictive human rights measures for reasons of public health are strongly affected by the need for effective health-care systems. This argument is verified by judicial decision-making which relies to the necessity of health-care effectiveness to a great extent. The COVID-19 pandemic offers a laminate example of the two disciplines' interrelation and how they infiltrate each other. Research limitations/implications: Further implications for research point at the need to institutionalize a cooperative scheme between legal and health-care decision-making, given that this interrelation is strong. Originality/value: The originality of this paper lies on the interdisciplinary approach between law and health-care studies. It explains how state policies during the pandemic were shaped based on the concepts of effectiveness and proportionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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154. Call for Papers.
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EDUCATION research ,CONFERENCES & conventions - Abstract
Comments on the need for research papers on human resource development (HRD) for presentation at the Third Conference on HRD Research and Practice Across Europe 2002 in Edinburgh, Scotland. Guidelines for interested authors; Contact information.
- Published
- 2001
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155. Criteria for recommendation, expert consensus, and appropriateness criteria papers: update from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging Scientific Documents Committee.
- Author
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Delgado, Victoria, Cardim, Nuno, Cosyns, Bernard, Donal, Erwan, Flachskampf, Frank, Galderisi, Maurizio, Gerber, Bernhard, Gimelli, Alessia, Haugaa, Kristina H, and Kaufmann, Philipp A
- Subjects
CARDIOVASCULAR disease diagnosis ,DOCUMENTATION ,INTERPROFESSIONAL relations ,MEDICAL societies ,STRATEGIC planning ,RULES - Published
- 2018
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156. Unreliable mills.
- Author
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Reynard, Pierre Claude
- Subjects
PAPER mills ,HISTORY of the paper industry ,WOOD pulp industry ,HISTORY ,MAINTENANCE - Abstract
Explores the maintenance goals and practices at 18th-century paper mills in Europe. Survey of paper manufacture; Influence of technologies; Pervasive operate-to-failure style; Regular minor repairs; Postponed major renovations; Rational choices in market context; Weakness of mills; Annual maintenance spending; Estimated lifespan of the equipment of a paper mill.
- Published
- 1999
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157. The need for Pan‐European automatic pollen and fungal spore monitoring: A stakeholder workshop position paper.
- Author
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Tummon, Fiona, Arboledas, Lucas Alados, Bonini, Maira, Guinot, Benjamin, Hicke, Martin, Jacob, Christophe, Kendrovski, Vladimir, McCairns, William, Petermann, Eric, Peuch, Vincent‐Henri, Pfaar, Oliver, Sicard, Michaël, Sikoparija, Branko, and Clot, Bernard
- Subjects
FUNGAL spores ,POLLEN ,CLIMATOLOGY ,ENVIRONMENTAL management ,UNITS of measurement - Abstract
Background: Information about airborne pollen concentrations is required by a range of end users, particularly from the health sector who use both observations and forecasts to diagnose and treat allergic patients. Manual methods are the standard for such measurements but, despite the range of pollen taxa that can be identified, these techniques suffer from a range of drawbacks. This includes being available at low temporal resolution (usually daily averages) and with a delay (usually 3–9 days from the measurement). Recent technological developments have made possible automatic pollen measurements, which are available at high temporal resolution and in real time, although currently only scattered in a few locations across Europe. Materials & Methods: To promote the development of an extensive network across Europe and to ensure that this network will respond to end user needs, a stakeholder workshop was organised under the auspices of the EUMETNET AutoPollen Programme. Participants discussed requirements for the groups they represented, ranging from the need for information at various spatial scales, at high temporal resolution, and for targeted services to be developed. Results: The provision of real‐time information is likely to lead to a notable decrease in the direct and indirect health costs associated with allergy in Europe, currently estimated between €50–150 billion/year.1 Discussion & Conclusion: A European measurement network to meet end user requirements would thus more than pay for itself in terms of potential annual savings and provide significant impetus to research across a range of disciplines from climate science and public health to agriculture and environmental management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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158. Back to the roots: the 1987 telecom green paper 25 years after – has European telecom liberalization fulfilled its promise for Europe in the internet age?
- Author
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Ungerer, Herbert
- Subjects
TELECOMMUNICATION research ,FINANCIAL liberalization ,GSM communications ,TELECOMMUNICATION systems - Abstract
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that telecommunications liberalization in Europe has taken the European telecommunications and internet sectors a breathtaking leap forward. To counter the leveling off of growth and facing the smartphone revolution, new structural changes are now required.Design/methodology/approach – The paper assesses in a concise manner the effect of telecommunications liberalization in Europe based on the 1987 green paper. It demonstrates the enormous dynamics created in the mobile and fixed network sectors and the key role of liberalization to make Europe internet-ready during the 1990s. The paper then proceeds to the analysis of the leveling off of growth during the last few years and discusses required changes to restart dynamics.Findings – The green paper of 1987 successfully defined a framework within which political and legal action in both regulatory and competition fields could develop, leading to full liberalization of telecommunications in the European Union by 1998. The subsequent decade saw an enormous expansion of both mobile and fixed services, which only abated by the end of the decade. Liberalization and coordination of licensing of mobile systems were the basis for the entry of the internet in Europe and the explosive growth of GSM mobile services. The paper finds that the deployment of broadband internet and fourth generation mobile now needs further change to relaunch dynamics. It welcomes the goals of the digital agenda for Europe in the context of the 2020 objectives of the European Union, but argues that deeper structural changes are needed to achieve these goals.Originality/value – Liberalization of European telecommunications was guided by a strategic framework set out in the 1987 telecommunications green paper and developed subsequently further. Comprehensive frameworks of this nature will be needed if Europe wants to gain a leading role in the future smart phone and broadband internet markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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159. Renewable Power Is Booming in Europe and Crashing Its Carbon Market.
- Author
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Mathis, William
- Subjects
RUSSIAN invasion of Ukraine, 2022- ,CARBON paper - Abstract
Europe's carbon market is experiencing a decline in the start of 2024 due to the rapid growth of renewable energy, which reduces the need for fossil fuels. The decrease in carbon prices can be attributed to factors such as increased renewable energy generation, a slowdown in industry, and a drop in demand for natural gas. The installation of solar panels and wind turbines has significantly contributed to the rise of clean energy in Europe. The lower carbon prices may provide an opportunity for companies to decarbonize or purchase permits at a lower cost. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
160. End-of-life Solutions for Fibre and Bio-based Packaging Materials in Europe.
- Author
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Müller, Günter, Hanecker, Elisabeth, Blasius, Kai, Seidemann, Constanze, Tempel, Lydia, Sadocco, Patrizia, Pozo, Beatriz Ferreira, Boulougouris, Georgios, Lozo, Branka, Jamnicki, Sonja, and Bobu, Elena
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PACKAGING materials ,FIBERS ,SUSTAINABILITY ,WASTE recycling - Abstract
Efficient end-of-life solutions play an important role in developing sustainable packaging because they contribute to reducing resource wastage and environmental impact, whilst providing economic and social benefits. This paper briefly reviews current end-of-life solutions for fibre and bio-based materials for packaging in Europe. It also addresses current research in the field, as well as standardization, legislation and socio-economic aspects related to renewable packaging in Europe. This review focuses on the following groups of packaging materials: paper and board and bioplastics. With this hierarchy, recycling, organic recovery and energy recovery are analysed with regard to the processes and technologies that offer the most sustainable end-of-life options. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
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161. How is Computational Thinking Assessed in European K-12 Education? A Systematic Review.
- Author
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BABAZADEH, Masiar and NEGRINI, Lucio
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SCHOOLS ,SCHOOL districts ,COMPUTER programming ,STUDENTS - Abstract
Computational thinking (CT) is seen as a key competence of the 21st century and different countries have started to integrate it into their compulsory school curricula. However, few indications exist on how to assess CT in compulsory school. This review analyses what tools are used to assess CT in European schools and which dimensions are assessed. We analysed 26 studies carried out in K-12 between 2016 and 2020 in Europe. The results indicate that 18 different tools have been used and they can be categorized into five groups: questionnaires, tests/tasks, observations, interviews and analysis of products. From the tools we analysed, more than 50 dimensions were assessed and the vast majority of those were closer to programming skills rather than CT per se. Based on these results it seems that a common operational definition of CT, a competence model that indicates which competences students should reach at which age, and a tool that allows all different facets of CT to be assessed are currently missing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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162. An Investigation of Representative Customer Load Collectives in the Development of Electric Vehicle Drivetrain Durability.
- Author
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Li, Mingfei, Noering, Fabian Kai-Dietrich, Öngün, Yekta, Appelt, Michael, and Henze, Roman
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CONSUMERS ,DURABILITY ,REQUIREMENTS engineering - Abstract
To ensure the precise dimensioning and effective testing of drivetrain components, it is crucial to have a thorough understanding of customer requirements, with a particular emphasis on customer stress on these components. An accurate interpretation of customer data is essential for determining representative customer requirements, such as load collectives. The automobile industry has faced challenges in analyzing large amounts of customer driving data to obtain representative load collectives as target values in durability design. However, due to technical limitations and cost constraints, collecting data from a large sample size is not feasible. The ongoing digitalization of the automotive industry, driven by an increasing number of connected vehicles, enhances data-based and customer-oriented development. This paper investigates representative customer load collectives using cloud data from over 40,000 customer vehicles to lay the groundwork for realizing robust requirement engineering. A systematic method for analyzing big data on the cloud was introduced. The derived component-specific damage distribution from these collectives adopts a unique approach, utilizing the 1% vehicle term instead of the common 1% customer term to represent typical customer stress. This study shows that the driven mileage and the number of vehicles are crucial factors in 1% vehicle analysis. An analysis of the characteristics of the 1% vehicle is conducted, followed by an exploration to determine the required vehicle quantity for obtaining stable results. The shape parameter of the damage distribution determines the necessary number of vehicles for a reliable conclusion. Additionally, a comparative analysis of market-specific customer requirements between the US and Europe is presented, and real usage differences in customer operations are explained using an operating point frequency heatmap. The information presented in this paper provides valuable input for optimizing durability design and conducting efficient, customer-oriented tests, resulting in significant reductions in development time and costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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163. Rethinking Posthumanist Subjectivity: Technology as Ontological Murder in European Colonialism.
- Author
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Dekeyser, Thomas
- Subjects
SUBJECTIVITY ,POSTHUMANISM ,IMPERIALISM ,EXCEPTIONALISM (Political science) - Abstract
This paper centres the colonial pre-histories of 'the digital' to complicate posthumanist theorisations of subjectivity. Posthumanism helpfully undercuts human exceptionalism by presenting subjectivity as always-already co-constituted by technology. However, this paper argues that it insufficiently engages the human as the historico-political effect of negating the assumed non-technological colonial Other. Focusing on liberal humanism between the 16th and 19th centuries, the paper theorises the modern human as bound up in 'technological onticide'. The presumed absence of technology became a (theo-centric, ratio-centric, bio-centric) measure of the Other's sub-humanity, at the same time as this Other was expected to be humanised through its technologisation. An emphasis on technological onticide complicates universalist theories of subjectivity that take it as always a matter of human-technology co-constitution. The paper argues that, to confront the legacies of ontological murder, conceptual room needs to be made for in human, counter human or un human theories of subjectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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164. The Geography of Quality of Government in Europe: Subnational variations in the 2024 European Quality of Government Index and Comparisons with Previous Rounds.
- Author
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Charron, Nicholas, Lapuente, Victor, and Bauhr, Monika
- Subjects
SUBNATIONAL governments ,CITIZENS ,COVID-19 pandemic ,GEOGRAPHY ,POPULATION geography ,CORRUPTION ,PERSONALLY identifiable information - Abstract
The 2024 European Quality of Government Index (EQI) collects the opinions of 135,227 respondents in a total of 210 NUTS 1 and NUTS 2 regions in all EU 27 member state countries. This paper, first, presents the 2024 data and highlights some of the main results of this effort to understand citizens' perceptions, and personal experiences, of regional quality of government. Second, it compares the findings with the previous four rounds of the survey (starting in 2010), highlighting both the regions that are improving and those that show a declining trend in their quality of government. Third, the paper discusses the changes made to round 5 and other trends in the data over time, paying special attention to the comparison of EU citizens' perceptions and experiences of government before and after the Covid-19 pandemic. Compared to the improvements in corruption levels recorded in the 2021 study, we find that corruption levels have bounced back to more normal levels in post pandemic Europe [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
165. At-risk scholars in Europe: 'academic humanitarianism' in the name of science 'here' as opposed to the risk 'there'.
- Author
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Yarar, Betül
- Subjects
HUMANITARIANISM ,HUMAN rights violations ,SCHOLARS ,DEVELOPING countries ,SOCIAL scientists ,SOCIAL networks - Abstract
Humanity is vividly witnessing the loss of life, the massive destruction, and human rights violations due to new authoritarian regimes and protracted wars that have intensified in the last few decades, particularly in countries of the Global South. Such conflictual situations have also resulted in devastating attacks against academic institutions and values and, in turn, the displacement of scholars, mainly to neighbouring countries and to Europe. In a pressing situation involving the radical disruption of scientists' social and academic lives in their homelands, international support networks, the history of which goes back to the 1920s, could quickly respond to the scholars' urgent needs. This paper analyzes the impacts of this recent migration flow of scholars on 'academic humanitarianism' in Europe, which is a form of humanitarianism and a regime of governing that emerged at the intersection of humanitarianism and academia. While analyzing the changing nature of this regime, the paper focuses on governing discourses, technologies, and strategies of the following organisations: Cara (UK), PSI (Germany), and PAUSE (France). It concludes that the flow of scholars from the countries of the Global South to Europe has resulted in important changes in their humanitarian approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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166. SUPERSTATE EUROPE AND EUROPE OF NATIONS: POLARIZING CONCEPTUAL TRENDS IN EUROPEAN STUDIES.
- Author
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GRÜNHUT, Zoltán
- Subjects
EUROPEAN integration ,POLARIZATION (Social sciences) ,COUNTRIES - Abstract
The paper introduces two emerging concepts of European Studies - Superstate Europe and Europe of nations. The two interpret the future of Europe in very different perspectives. While Superstate Europe envisions a political unification in which the supranational entity is becoming the main source of power, Europe of nations, on the contrary, tries to restore the member states' sovereignties over the EU. Thus, both framings have explicit political contents, and neither of them can be considered exclusively academic. Of course, in the field of European Studies this is not unprecedented. Nonetheless, the emergence of two such rival ideas is symbolizing the political polarization of the EU, as well as the politicization of European Studies. In its first section, the paper describes the general logic, main points, and basic inner-linkages of Superstate Europe and Europe of nations, and then in the second part it identifies their positions in the conceptual space of European Studies. This latter effort tries to reveal the relatedness of these framings to other European integration theories. The main finding of this meta-analysis is that Superstate Europe is more embedded conceptually, and this helps to better explain or criticize certain aspects of the idea, while Europe of nations can be considered more original in the sense of reflecting on the previously unaddressed challenge of proposing a disintegration theory among many European integration theories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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167. Foreign whistleblowing: the impact of US extraterritorial enforcement on anti-corruption laws in Europe.
- Author
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Karpacheva, Elina and Hock, Branislav
- Subjects
WHISTLEBLOWING ,EUROPEAN law ,LAW enforcement ,LAW reform ,ECONOMIC crime ,COMMERCIAL crimes - Abstract
Purpose: Foreign whistleblowers are foreign citizens who help national enforcement authorities to sanction both foreign-based corporations and home-based corporations that engage in economic crime. This paper aims to investigate the expansion of US law in the area of transnational economic crime by discussing the case of foreign whistleblowers. Design/methodology/approach: This paper has been developed from a literature review carried out as part of a wider study into policing international bribery. Findings: This paper shows that extraterritorial application of US whistleblowing laws is part of a broad trend associated with extraterritorial enforcement of US anti-corruption statutes such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). The extraterritorial reach of the FCPA and other statutes allowed the USA to become the leader in sanctioning US corporations as well as non-US corporations for economic crime. In effect, some US enforcement practices have become the standard that has influenced law and law enforcement in other countries as well as internal compliance of corporations. Originality/value: In spite of the profound impact foreign whistleblowing has on the effectiveness of national anti-corruption enforcement, this topic has been largely neglected by academic research. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this paper is the first to provide an overview of the role of foreign whistleblowers and the significant impact foreign whistleblowing has for legal reform in European countries and internal compliance of corporations in Europe and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
168. Participatory action research on webs of caring in the digital age across four European countries.
- Author
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Leontowitsch, Miranda, Putnina, Aivita, Andersson, Marcus, Niemistö, Charlotta, Werny, Rafaela, Sjögren, Hanna, Mileiko, Ilze, Lakševics, Kārlis, Pokšāns, Artūrs, Neikena, Māra, Orste, Līna, Malm, Camilla, Oswald, Frank, Hearn, Jeff, and Krekula, Clary
- Subjects
OCCUPATIONAL roles ,RESEARCH evaluation ,HUMAN research subjects ,DIGITAL technology ,PRIORITY (Philosophy) ,STAKEHOLDER analysis ,PATIENT selection ,ATTITUDES toward aging ,ENDOWMENT of research ,EXPERIENCE ,ACTION research ,POLICY sciences ,THEMATIC analysis ,ELDER care ,COMPUTER literacy - Abstract
Purpose: The digital age requires people of all ages to communicate and organise their lives through digital technologies. The project EQualCare investigates how the growing population of older people living alone is managing this transition, how it shapes their (non-)digital social networks and what changes on a local level need to be brought about. This paper aims to give insight into the process of participatory action research (PAR) with older people in the community across four countries and reflects on experiences made by academic and co-researchers. Design/methodology/approach: Following the emancipatory underpinnings of PAR, which aims to reduce inequalities through collaboration and co-design, EQualCare involved nine teams of co-researchers across Finland, Germany, Latvia and Sweden making older people the centre of policy development. Co-researchers were involved in formulating research aims, collecting data, reflecting on data, formulating and disseminating recommendations for local policy stakeholders. Findings: Co-researchers' motivation to invest considerable time and effort was driven by a desire to create a more equal future for older people living alone. Moreover, they were keen to involve marginalised older people and became frustrated when this proved difficult. Power dynamics played a role throughout the process but became productive as roles and responsibilities were renegotiated. Doing PAR with older people can be emotionally challenging for co-researchers when negative feelings around ageing are encountered. Originality/value: The paper advances understanding on the process of PAR in ageing research by reflecting on the social, cultural and political contexts of doing PAR with diverse sets of older people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
169. Top-rated AMEE MedEdPublish Papers -- February 2018.
- Subjects
MEDICAL education ,ELECTRONIC publications - Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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170. The Commission's 2010 Green Paper on European Contract Law: Reflections on Union Competence in Light of the Proposed Options.
- Author
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Gutman, Kathleen
- Subjects
CONTRACTS ,BUSINESS enterprise laws ,SUBSIDIARITY - Abstract
Copyright of European Review of Contract Law is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2011
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- View/download PDF
171. Arrhythmias in congenital heart disease: a position paper of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC), and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Working Group on Grown-up Congenital heart disease, endorsed by HRS, PACES, APHRS, and SOLAECE.
- Author
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Hernández-Madrid, Antonio, Paul, Thomas, Abrams, Dominic, Aziz, Peter F, Blom, Nico A, Chen, Jian, Chessa, Massimo, Combes, Nicolas, Dagres, Nikolaos, Diller, Gerhard, Ernst, Sabine, Giamberti, Alessandro, Hebe, Joachim, Janousek, Jan, Kriebel, Thomas, Moltedo, Jose, Moreno, Javier, Peinado, Rafael, Pison, Laurent, and Rosenthal, Eric
- Subjects
ARRHYTHMIA diagnosis ,ARRHYTHMIA treatment ,MEDICAL care standards ,ARRHYTHMIA ,CARDIAC arrest ,CARDIAC pacing ,CARDIOLOGY ,CATHETER ablation ,CONGENITAL heart disease ,CARDIAC surgery ,HEART function tests ,IMPLANTABLE cardioverter-defibrillators ,MEDICAL care ,PATIENTS ,DISEASE complications - Abstract
The population of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) is continuously increasing with more and more patients reaching adulthood. A significant portion of these young adults will suffer from arrhythmias due to the underlying congenital heart defect itself or as a sequela of interventional or surgical treatment. The medical community will encounter an increasing challenge as even most of the individuals with complex congenital heart defects nowadays become young adults. Within the past 20 years, management of patients with arrhythmias has gained remarkable progress including pharmacological treatment, catheter ablation, and device therapy. Catheter ablation in patients with CHD has paralleled the advances of this technology in pediatric and adult patients with structurally normal hearts. Growing experience and introduction of new techniques like the 3D mapping systems into clinical practice have been particularly beneficial for this growing population of patients with abnormal cardiac anatomy and physiology. Finally, device therapies allowing maintanence of chronotropic competence and AV conduction, improving haemodynamics by cardiac resynchronization, and preventing sudden death are increasingly used. For pharmacological therapy, ablation procedures, and device therapy decision making requires a deep understanding of the individual pathological anatomy and physiology as well as detailed knowledge on natural history and long-term prognosis of our patients. Composing expert opinions from cardiology and paediatric cardiology as well as from non-invasive and invasive electrophysiology this position paper was designed to state the art in management of young individuals with congenital heart defects and arrhythmias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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172. The Rise of Note-Taking in Early Modern Europe.
- Author
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Blair, Ann
- Subjects
NOTETAKING ,PAPER -- History ,EUROPEAN history ,HISTORY of scholarly method ,PREWRITING (Writing process) ,RENAISSANCE ,INTELLECTUAL life - Abstract
The history of note-taking has only begun to be written. On the one hand, the basic functions of selecting, summarizing, storing and sorting information garnered from reading, listening, observing and thinking can be identified in most literate contexts in some form or other. On the other hand, Renaissance humanists emphasized with unprecedented success the virtues of stockpiling notes on large scales and for the long term, thanks to the availability of paper and a new abundance of books, but also to their ability to transmit their own keen motivation to avoid any future loss of learning. We continue to share many early modern ideals for insuring the collection and retrievability of information and have built on early modern practices that facilitate the accumulation and the organization of information, including collaborative work and the use of rearrangeable slips. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
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173. EU: Commission publishes working paper on state aid and tax rulings.
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WORKING papers ,TAX laws ,TRANSFER pricing ,TAXATION - Abstract
The article focuses on a working paper on state aid and tax rulings published by the European Commission (EC)'s Directorate General (DG) for Competition and released on June 3, 2016. It informs that the working paper provides an overview of DG Competition's preliminary orientations after review of the member states' tax ruling practices. It mentions that working paper focuses solely on rulings related to transfer pricing (TP) issues.
- Published
- 2016
174. Long-term prognosis, subsequent pregnancy, contraception and overall management of peripartum cardiomyopathy: practical guidance paper from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology Study Group on Peripartum Cardiomyopathy.
- Author
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Sliwa, Karen, Petrie, Mark C., Hilfiker‐Kleiner, Denise, Mebazaa, Alexandre, Jackson, Alice, Johnson, Mark R., van der Meer, Peter, Mbakwem, Amam, Bauersachs, Johann, and Hilfiker-Kleiner, Denise
- Subjects
PERIPARTUM cardiomyopathy ,HEART failure ,PREGNANCY ,PREGNANCY complications ,CONTRACEPTION ,TREATMENT of cardiomyopathies ,CARDIOLOGY ,CHILDBIRTH ,DISEASES ,FORECASTING ,MEDICAL protocols ,MEDICAL societies ,CARDIOMYOPATHIES ,DISEASE management ,DISEASE complications ,PREVENTION - Abstract
Peripartum cardiomyopathy is an idiopathic cardiomyopathy presenting with heart failure secondary to left ventricular systolic dysfunction towards the end of pregnancy or in the months following delivery, where no other cause for heart failure is identified. Outcome varies from full recovery to residual left ventricular systolic dysfunction and even death. Many women return to their physician to acquire information on their long-term prognosis, to seek medical advice regarding contraception, or when planning a subsequent pregnancy. This position paper summarizes current evidence for long-term outcome, risk stratification of further pregnancies and overall management. Based on the best available evidence, as well as the clinical experience of the European Society of Cardiology Study Group on Peripartum Cardiomyopathy members, a consensus on pre- and postpartum management algorithms for women undergoing a subsequent pregnancy is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
175. An integrative translational approach to study heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a position paper from the Working Group on Myocardial Function of the European Society of Cardiology.
- Author
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Lourenço, Andre P., Leite-Moreira, Adelino F., Balligand, Jean-Luc, Bauersachs, Johann, Dawson, Dana, de Boer, Rudolf A., de Windt, Leon J., Falcão-Pires, Inês, Fontes-Carvalho, Ricardo, Franz, Stefan, Giacca, Mauro, Hilfiker-Kleiner, Denise, Hirsch, Emilio, Maack, Christoph, Mayr, Manuel, Pieske, Burkert, Thum, Thomas, Tocchetti, Carlo G., Brutsaert, Dirk L., and Heymans, Stephane
- Subjects
MYOCARDIUM physiology ,CARDIOLOGY ,BIOLOGICAL models ,HEART failure ,MOLECULAR biology ,VENTRICULAR ejection fraction ,PROFESSIONAL associations - Abstract
As heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) rises to epidemic proportions, major steps in patient management and therapeutic development are badly needed. With the current position paper we seek to update our view on HFpEF as a highly complex systemic syndrome, from risk factors and mechanisms to long-term clinical manifestations. We will revise recent advances in animal model development, experimental set-ups and basic and translational science approaches to HFpEF research, highlighting their drawbacks and advantages. Directions are provided for proper model selection as well as for integrative functional evaluation from the in vivo setting to in vitro cell function testing. Additionally, we address new research challenges that require integration of higher-order inter-organ and inter-cell communication to achieve a full systems biology perspective of HFpEF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
176. European Pain Federation position paper on appropriate opioid use in chronic pain management.
- Author
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O'Brien, T., Christrup, L.L., Drewes, A.M., Fallon, M.T., Kress, H.G., McQuay, H.J., Mikus, G., Morlion, B.J., Perez‐Cajaraville, J., Pogatzki‐Zahn, E., Varrassi, G., Wells, J.C.D., Perez-Cajaraville, J, and Pogatzki-Zahn, E
- Subjects
THERAPEUTIC use of narcotics ,ANALGESICS ,PAIN management ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,CHRONIC pain ,MEDICAL personnel ,MEDICAL protocols ,PATIENT selection - Abstract
Poorly controlled pain is a global public health issue. The personal, familial and societal costs are immeasurable. Only a minority of European patients have access to a comprehensive specialist pain clinic. More commonly the responsibility for chronic pain management and initiating opioid therapy rests with the primary care physician and other non-specialist opioid prescribers. There is much confusing and conflicting information available to non-specialist prescribers regarding opioid therapy and a great deal of unjustified fear is generated. Opioid therapy should only be initiated by competent clinicians as part of a multi-faceted treatment programme in circumstances where more simple measures have failed. Throughout, all patients must be kept under close clinical surveillance. As with any other medical therapy, if the treatment fails to yield the desired results and/or the patient is additionally burdened by an unacceptable level of adverse effects, the overall management strategy must be reviewed and revised. No responsible clinician will wish to pursue a failed treatment strategy or persist with an ineffective and burdensome treatment. In a considered attempt to empower and inform non-specialist opioid prescribers, EFIC convened a European group of experts, drawn from a diverse range of basic science and relevant clinical disciplines, to prepare a position paper on appropriate opioid use in chronic pain. The expert panel reviewed the available literature and harnessed the experience of many years of clinical practice to produce these series of recommendations. Its success will be judged on the extent to which it contributes to an improved pain management experience for chronic pain patients across Europe.
Significance: This position paper provides expert recommendations for primary care physicians and other non- specialist healthcare professionals in Europe, particularly those who do not have ready access to specialists in pain medicine, on the safe and appropriate use of opioid medications as part of a multi-faceted approach to pain management, in properly selected and supervised patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
177. The Rich and Mikesell Papers.
- Author
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Gibson, William E.
- Subjects
EUROCURRENCY market ,INTERNATIONAL economic relations ,EUROPE-United States relations - Abstract
The article comments on the perspective of professors Georg Rich and Raymond F. Mikesell on the operations of the Eurodollar market using different perspectives in Europe. The author explains that the work of Rich and Mikesell makes the point that Eurodollar volume and rates are determined simultaneously with the United States balance of payments, foreward exchange premiums, and other international financial variables. It is the author's belief that Rich and Mikesell do not adequately handle this issue in their paper. The author presents several criticisms of the works.
- Published
- 1972
178. Defining consensus norms for palliative care of people with intellectual disabilities in Europe, using Delphi methods: A White Paper from the European Association of Palliative Care.
- Author
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Tuffrey-Wijne, Irene, McLaughlin, Dorry, Curfs, Leopold, Dusart, Anne, Hoenger, Catherine, McEnhill, Linda, Read, Sue, Ryan, Karen, Satgé, Daniel, Straßer, Benjamin, Westergård, Britt-Evy, and Oliver, David
- Subjects
CONSENSUS (Social sciences) ,DELPHI method ,PEOPLE with intellectual disabilities ,PALLIATIVE treatment ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,SCALE analysis (Psychology) ,JUDGMENT sampling - Abstract
Background: People with intellectual disabilities often present with unique challenges that make it more difficult to meet their palliative care needs. Aim: To define consensus norms for palliative care of people with intellectual disabilities in Europe. Design: Delphi study in four rounds: (1) a taskforce of 12 experts from seven European countries drafted the norms, based on available empirical knowledge and regional/national guidelines; (2) using an online survey, 34 experts from 18 European countries evaluated the draft norms, provided feedback and distributed the survey within their professional networks. Criteria for consensus were clearly defined; (3) modifications and recommendations were made by the taskforce; and (4) the European Association for Palliative Care reviewed and approved the final version. Setting and participants: Taskforce members: identified through international networking strategies. Expert panel: a purposive sample identified through taskforce members’ networks. Results: A total of 80 experts from 15 European countries evaluated 52 items within the following 13 norms: equity of access, communication, recognising the need for palliative care, assessment of total needs, symptom management, end-of-life decision making, involving those who matter, collaboration, support for family/carers, preparing for death, bereavement support, education/training and developing/managing services. None of the items scored less than 86% agreement, making a further round unnecessary. In light of respondents’ comments, several items were modified and one item was deleted. Conclusion: This White Paper presents the first guidance for clinical practice, policy and research related to palliative care for people with intellectual disabilities based on evidence and European consensus, setting a benchmark for changes in policy and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
179. Effect of Bolus Viscosity on the Safety and Efficacy of Swallowing and the Kinematics of the Swallow Response in Patients with Oropharyngeal Dysphagia: White Paper by the European Society for Swallowing Disorders (ESSD).
- Author
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Newman, Roger, Vilardell, Natàlia, Clavé, Pere, Speyer, Renée, Vilardell, Natàlia, Clavé, Pere, and Speyer, Renée
- Subjects
DEGLUTITION ,DEGLUTITION disorders ,FOOD ,GASTROINTESTINAL motility ,KINEMATICS ,MEDICAL societies ,PHARYNX ,REACTION time ,VISCOSITY ,SYSTEMATIC reviews - Abstract
Background: Fluid thickening is a well-established management strategy for oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD). However, the effects of thickening agents on the physiology of impaired swallow responses are not fully understood, and there is no agreement on the degree of bolus thickening.Aim: To review the literature and to produce a white paper of the European Society for Swallowing Disorders (ESSD) describing the evidence in the literature on the effect that bolus modification has upon the physiology, efficacy and safety of swallowing in adults with OD.Methods: A systematic search was performed using the electronic Pubmed and Embase databases. Articles in English available up to July 2015 were considered. The inclusion criteria swallowing studies on adults over 18 years of age; healthy people or patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia; bolus modification; effects of bolus modification on swallow safety (penetration/aspiration) and efficacy; and/or physiology and original articles written in English. The exclusion criteria consisted of oesophageal dysphagia and conference abstracts or presentations. The quality of the selected papers and the level of research evidence were assessed by standard quality assessments.Results: At the end of the selection process, 33 articles were considered. The quality of all included studies was assessed using systematic, reproducible, and quantitative tools (Kmet and NHMRC) concluding that all the selected articles reached a valid level of evidence. The literature search gathered data from various sources, ranging from double-blind randomised control trials to systematic reviews focused on changes occurring in swallowing physiology caused by thickened fluids. Main results suggest that increasing bolus viscosity (a) results in increased safety of swallowing, (b) also results in increased amounts of oral and/or pharyngeal residue which may result in post-swallow airway invasion, (c) impacts the physiology with increased lingual pressure patterns, no major changes in impaired airway protection mechanisms, and controversial effects on oral and pharyngeal transit time, hyoid displacements, onset of UOS opening and bolus velocity-with several articles suggesting the therapeutic effect of thickeners is also due to intrinsic bolus properties, (d) reduces palatability of thickened fluids and (e) correlates with increased risk of dehydration and decreased quality of life although the severity of dysphagia may be an confounding factor.Conclusions: The ESSD concludes that there is evidence for increasing viscosity to reduce the risk of airway invasion and that it is a valid management strategy for OD. However, new thickening agents should be developed to avoid the negative effects of increasing viscosity on residue, palatability, and treatment compliance. New randomised controlled trials should establish the optimal viscosity level for each phenotype of dysphagic patients and descriptors, terminology and viscosity measurements must be standardised. This white paper is the first step towards the development of a clinical guideline on bolus modification for patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
180. EAPC White Paper on outcome measurement in palliative care: Improving practice, attaining outcomes and delivering quality services – Recommendations from the European Association for Palliative Care (EAPC) Task Force on Outcome Measurement.
- Author
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Bausewein, Claudia, Daveson, Barbara A., Currow, David C., Downing, Julia, Deliens, Luc, Radbruch, Lukas, Defilippi, Kath, Lopes Ferreira, Pedro, Costantini, Massimo, Harding, Richard, and Higginson, Irene J.
- Subjects
BENCHMARKING (Management) ,CLINICAL medicine ,MEDICAL quality control ,HEALTH outcome assessment ,PALLIATIVE treatment ,PROFESSIONAL associations ,QUALITY assurance ,RESEARCH funding ,SPIRITUALITY ,TERMINAL care ,KEY performance indicators (Management) ,BURDEN of care - Abstract
Background: Outcome measurement plays an increasing role in improving the quality, effectiveness, efficiency and availability of palliative care. Aim: To provide expert recommendations on outcome measurement in palliative care in clinical practice and research. Methods: Developed by a European Association for Palliative Care Task Force, based on literature searches, international expert workshop, development of outcome measurement guidance and international online survey. A subgroup drafted a first version and circulated it twice to the task force. The preliminary final version was circulated to wider expert panel and 28 international experts across 20 European Association for Palliative Care member associations and the European Association for Palliative Care Board of Directors and revised according to their feedback. The final version was approved by the European Association for Palliative Care Board for adoption as an official European Association for Palliative Care position paper. Results: In all, 12 recommendations are proposed covering key parameters of measures, adequate measures for the task, introduction of outcome measurement into practice, and national and international outcome comparisons and benchmarking. Compared to other recommendations, the White Paper covers similar aspects but focuses more on outcome measurement in clinical care and the wider policy impact of implementing outcome measurement in clinical palliative care. Patient-reported outcome measure feedback improves awareness of unmet need and allows professionals to act to address patients’ needs. However, barriers and facilitators have been identified when implementing outcome measurement in clinical care that should be addressed. Conclusion: The White Paper recommends the introduction of outcome measurement into practice and outcomes that allow for national and international comparisons. Outcome measurement is key to understanding different models of care across countries and, ultimately, patient outcome having controlled for differing patients characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
181. Recovered paper: A global view.
- Author
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Ervasti, Ilpo
- Subjects
PAPER recycling ,PAPER industry ,PAPERBOARD industry ,RAW materials ,COMMERCIALIZATION ,FIBERS - Abstract
The article reports on the increasing use of recovered paper in the paper industry as raw materials. Total global collection and use of recovered paper was approximately 177 million tons in 2004, which accounts for the 49 percent of the total global paper and paperboard consumption in the same year. The global recovered paper markets are dominated by Europe and North America. Demand for recovered paper in China is increasing. Recovered paper already has been a finished product. So, it is a special raw material. It has been found that single fiber can he recycled up to seven to ten times in laboratory surroundings. Recycled paper is an internationally traded commodity.
- Published
- 2006
182. Rediscovering Civil Society: The European Union and the White Paper on Governance.
- Author
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Armstrong, Kenneth A.
- Subjects
CIVIL society ,SOCIAL policy - Abstract
The concept of ‘civil society’ has been rediscovered in contemporary discourses concerning the relationship between democracy and governance. This paper analyses this rediscovery in the more specific context of the European Commission’s 2001 White Paper on European Governance. However, processes of transnationalisation, governmentalisation and autonomisation may compromise much of the potential of ‘European civil society’ as an intermediating sphere of social action. By reinforcing these processes, the White Paper undermines the normative claims made for a civil society premised upon the voluntary nature of its associative forms and its distinctive open, communicative and deliberative rationality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
183. Patterns of integration in global value chains and the changing structure of employment in Europe.
- Author
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Bontadini, Filippo, Evangelista, Rinaldo, Meliciani, Valentina, and Savona, Maria
- Subjects
VALUE chains ,EMPLOYMENT changes ,LABOR supply ,WESTERN countries ,EUROPEAN integration ,BLUE collar workers - Abstract
This paper aims at revisiting the empirical evidence on the recent trends of countries' integration in global value chains (GVCs) in Europe. It investigates two potential sources of unbalances that these processes might relate to (i) the sectoral specialization of the patterns of international fragmentation, whether high-technology manufacturing or knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS), and (ii) the occupational categories that have benefited or been penalized by these trends. A rich empirical mapping of these trends in the European countries is provided, based on World Input–Output Database and European Union Labour Force Survey (EU LFS) data. The results on the overall and sectoral-specific trends of integration in GVCs and the associated changes in the shares of managers and manual workers show dual-speed and qualitatively different integration patterns in Europe, with Eastern European (EE) countries rapidly integrating in high-tech manufacturing and the core of Western countries strengthening their mutual integration in the KIBS area. Despite the relatively "good quality" integration of EE countries, the evidence does not seem to reveal a mirroring upgrading of employment structures. While this empirical contribution does not attempt to identify causal relationships, the picture provided in the paper shows that, overall, integration in GVCs seems to reproduce and perhaps exacerbate the initial asymmetries in the sectoral and employment structure, with employment shares of manual workers reducing on the whole and knowledge-intensive occupations concentrating in Western Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
184. EANM–ESR white paper on multimodality imaging. A white paper for a black project: towards the decline of nuclear medicine as an independent specialty in Europe?
- Author
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Karcher, G., Als, C., Goldman, S., Mundler, O., and Sayman, H.B.
- Subjects
MEDICAL imaging systems ,NUCLEAR medicine ,MEDICAL radiology ,SOCIETIES - Abstract
The authors comment on the position paper entitled "White paper of the European Association of the Nuclear Medicine (EANM) and the European Society of Radiology (ESR) on multimodality imaging" published in the August 2007 issue. They examine the position paper's justifications for a new definition of the contours of nuclear medicine in Europe. They also consider the white paper's propositions of the re-definition of nuclear medicine, which they believe is unnecessary.
- Published
- 2008
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185. Technical Characteristics of Incunabulum in Europe.
- Author
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Bolanča, Stanislav, Mirković, Ivana Bolanča, and Pučić, Ivan
- Subjects
TECHNOLOGICAL progress ,LATIN language ,CITIES & towns ,JOB descriptions ,CULTURE ,CROATS ,PRINT materials - Abstract
Incunabula are printed materials created in Europe from the time of Johann Gutenberg's invention until 1500. Incunabula originate from the Latin language (lat. Incunabulum) and mean cradle or the beginning of something. In this paper, the representation of individual states and cities in the creation of incunabula is investigated and presented. The persons responsible for such development are also listed. Special attention is given to the presentation of Croatian incunabula. The mentioned works describe the characteristic features. Incunabula testify to a high level of culture, standards, and technological development of a particular area. The studied works reveal and confirm, as confirmed in this paper, the attitude of society towards literacy, education, and the national culture of each nation. This paper aims to comprehensively present the importance of incunabula for the development of European and Croatian culture, technological and comprehensive progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
186. HOW DO BANK CREDIT TERMS AFFECT CREDIT ACCESS OF ENTERPRISES IN EUROPE? AN EMPIRICAL RESEARCH FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF INSTITUTION-BASED VIEW.
- Author
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Voznakova, Iveta, Civelek, Mehmet, and Hlawiczka, Roman
- Subjects
LOGISTIC regression analysis ,TERM loans ,BANK loans ,EMPIRICAL research ,BUSINESS enterprises - Abstract
Copyright of Transformations in Business & Economics is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
187. The Importance of Portfolio Composition and Home Ownership in Wealth Distribution in Europe.
- Author
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Bielskis, Karolis
- Subjects
WEALTH distribution ,HOME ownership ,WEALTH inequality ,CONSUMPTION (Economics) ,PORTFOLIO performance ,WEALTH ,GLOBAL Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 - Abstract
The paper analyzes household portfolio dynamics in Europe, focusing on the period from 2010 to 2017 using data from the European Central Bank's Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS). The study examines the evolution of household portfolios after the 2008 financial crisis, with housing assets found to be one of the key drivers. On the aggregate level, the household portfolio remained stable between 2010 and 2017. Housing importance remained crucial during all the time and drove the majority of portfolio performance for households in 40-99 percentiles of the wealth distribution. With the evolution of household portfolios, age cohorts 45-54, 65 and older strengthen their positions by increasing the share of their owned assets in comparison to other age cohorts, which lost part of their shares. I conclude the paper with some stylized facts showing the relationship between home ownership, the share of portfolio in housing assets and wealth inequality between countries. The stylized facts provide evidence that household portfolios significantly concentrated in housing assets during the analyzed decade. Furthermore, the transition of households from renters to home owners contributed significantly to the changes in wealth inequality that occurred after the 2008 financial crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
188. Monitoring of Damages to Cultural Heritage across Europe Using Remote Sensing and Earth Observation: Assessment of Scientific and Grey Literature.
- Author
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Cuca, Branka, Zaina, Federico, and Tapete, Deodato
- Subjects
SCIENTIFIC literature ,GREY literature ,CULTURAL property ,SCIENTIFIC observation ,HISTORIC sites ,REMOTE sensing - Abstract
This research is part of a wider framework of index literature studies that have been conducted in the past few years. Some of these have had a focus on specific remote sensing (RS) technologies, while others have tackled specific threats to cultural heritage and landscapes. By considering both damages to heritage sites and technologies used for documentation and the monitoring of such occurrences, this paper unveils the current trends on a global scale in the study of the threats to heritage caused by both human-induced and natural hazards. Papers published by Europe-based researchers over the last 20 years using RS and Earth Observation (EO) techniques were surveyed alongside recommendations and programmatic documents issued by institutions in charge of heritage protection and management of several countries in Europe. Around 300 documents, including scientific articles (published from 2000 until 2022) and Grey literature (from 2008 and 2022), were analysed. The data collection and analysis were undertaken by a working group that was intentionally composed to bring together diverse perspectives and expertise, i.e., requirements of heritage professionals using RS and EO technologies, knowledge on technologies and their use in the field, and expertise in methodology implementation to support heritage management. The results highlight the type of hazards considered the most and the geographical distribution of the archaeological sites and monuments targeted by these studies; the countries the researchers are affiliated with; the types of RS and specifically satellite-based technologies used (and hence the type of data used); the tendencies of satellite data usage—visual interpretation, image processing, employment of machine learning, and AI; the technologies most applied by public institutions and practitioners; and many others. Recommendations and future trajectories are then outlined to efficiently reframe discrepancies between types of damage that have received the greatest attention in the literature and the most impactful ones in terms of the number of sites damaged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
189. RECON Online Working Paper 2011/06.
- Author
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Menéndez, Agustín José
- Subjects
CONSTITUTIONAL law ,PLURALISM ,SOVEREIGNTY ,SOCIAL integration - Abstract
This paper aims at putting forward the key elements of a constitutional theory of European law on the basis of D. Neil MacCormick's theory of European constitutional pluralism. Firstly, I consider how the institutional theory of law fleshed out by MacCormick creates the theoretical space within which it is be possible to make sense of legal and political phenomena below, above and beyond the nation-state, and particularly, of the EU. Secondly, I ponder on how this affects standard constitutional theories of Community law. Because standard theoretical re-constructions of Community law are premised on the close relationship between law and nation-state, they turn to be incapable of providing a satisfactory and simultaneous answer to three fundamental questions, namely the genesis of EU law, the primacy of EU law and the endurance and growth of EU law. Thirdly, I consider the many achievements of MacCormick's European constitutional pluralism, in particular, the thesis that Community law can be approached from at least two differentiated, but equally authoritative, standpoints (the differentiated but equal standpoints thesis) and that the stability of the European legal order is rooted on non-legal bases that reveal the transformation of sovereignty in contemporary Europe (the stability beyond sovereignty thesis). But I also consider the turn that the Scottish philosopher made towards a moderate pluralism under international, a shift that is decisive in order to understand the problématique of Community law and the questions that MacCormick was struggling to solve. Fourthly, I sketch the theory of constitutional synthesis, a constitutional theory of European integration which aims to apply the key insights of MacCormick's European constitutional pluralism to solving the problems which were left open by the theory of the Edinburgh professor. It emphasises the singularity of the European path towards a democratic constitution, the theory of constitutional synthesis combines sensitivity towards the fundamental pluralistic traits of Union law with a commitment towards the idea of constitutional law as a monistic means of social integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
190. Recovered Paper Hard to Come By in Europe.
- Subjects
CORRUGATED paperboard ,PAPER recycling - Abstract
The article presents an interview with Roberto Villaquiran, president of FEFCO which is the European Federation of Corrugated Board Manufacturers. He talks about the lack of sufficient supply of recovered paper in Europe. According to him, strong demand for recovered paper in Asian countries is creating problems for European corrugated board manufacturers. He also dicusses the corrugated paper recycling and the use of recycled paper by FEFCO member companies.
- Published
- 2012
191. Pulp fiction?
- Author
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Kleiner, Kurt
- Subjects
TRANSGENIC plants ,PAPER industry - Abstract
Focuses on the effects of genetically modified trees on the paper industry in Europe. Use of less chemicals in the paper production; Quality of the paper produced; Support of the European Union for the process.
- Published
- 2002
192. Immigrants and the paper market: borrowing, renting and buying identities.
- Author
-
Vasta, Ellie
- Subjects
IMMIGRANTS ,FORGED identification cards ,POWER (Social sciences) ,EUROPEAN emigration & immigration ,GOVERNMENT policy ,UNDOCUMENTED immigrants ,IDENTITY (Psychology) - Abstract
The focus of this paper is on how the state sets up discriminatory structures, how immigrants work out ways of managing those structures and how in this process they construct flexible and innovative identities. Two main issues are explored. The first is the relationship between state control and exclusion and immigrant resistance. The paper shows how, despite increased surveillance and digital nets mounted by European states to keep immigrants out of their territory, the British state is ambivalent towards irregular immigrants. At the same time, it is in the interstices of ambiguity that immigrants, by buying, renting and borrowing documents, have found ways through their networks and communities to resist or get around exclusionary and contradictory regulations. Second, the paper is concerned with the construction of innovative and flexible identities. The research reveals how immigrants occupy rebellious spaces and construct identities in difficult situations at the intersection of self and structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
193. EDITORIAL.
- Author
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Devlieghere, Jochen and Roose, Rudi
- Subjects
SERIAL publications ,SOCIAL services ,SOCIAL case work - Abstract
An editorial is presented on providing a forum for the social professions in all parts of Europe and beyond, analyzing and promoting European and international developments in social work, social policy, social service institutions, and strategies for social change by publishing refereed papers on contemporary key issues. The article discusses that they found that the social policy value, emphasizing the right to equal participation in society, are being trade for economic austerity goals.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
194. WHITE PAPER ON DAMAGE ACTIONS FOR BREACH OF THE EC ANTITRUST RULES: PLEA FOR A MORE HOLISTIC APPROACH TO ANTITRUST ENFORCEMENT.
- Author
-
Kloub, Jundrich
- Subjects
ANTITRUST law ,BREACH of contract ,PATENT infringement ,PATENT law ,ANTITRUST violations ,COMMERCIAL policy - Abstract
The article focuses on the White Paper on damage actions for breach of Articles 81 and 82 EC published by the European Commission in Europe on April 2, 2008. The published White Paper features a comprehensive recommendation to help victims of competition law infringements abuses in claiming full compensation for the damages that they suffered. The White Paper aspires to strengthen and improve the private implementation of Articles 81 and 82 of the EC Treaty. It also tries to simplify the primary goals of antitrust enforcement framework and facilitate whether the antitrust enforcement framework in the European Union (EU) obtain those goals, if not, it offers an optimal and effective substitute.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
195. Reporting nuclear cardiology: a joint position paper by the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI).
- Author
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Trägaårdh, Elin, Hesse, Birger, Knuuti, Juhani, Flotats, Albert, Kaufmann, Philipp A., Kitsiou, Anastasia, Hacker, Marcus, Verberne, Hein J., and Edenbrandt, Lars
- Subjects
HEART anatomy ,MYOCARDIUM physiology ,ACADEMIC medical centers ,CARDIOLOGY ,CARDIOPULMONARY system ,DEMOGRAPHY ,DEOXY sugars ,DIAGNOSTIC imaging ,EXERCISE tests ,CARDIAC patients ,LEFT heart ventricle ,HEART physiology ,CARDIAC radionuclide imaging ,MEDICAL protocols ,MEDICAL societies ,NUCLEAR medicine ,PHYSICIANS ,RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS ,REPORT writing ,POSITRON emission tomography ,X-ray spectroscopy ,CORONARY angiography - Abstract
The report of an imaging procedure is a critical component of an examination, being the final and often the only communication from the interpreting physician to the referring or treating physician. Very limited evidence and few recommendations or guidelines on reporting imaging studies are available; therefore, an European position statement on how to report nuclear cardiology might be useful. The current paper combines the limited existing evidence with expert consensus, previously published recommendations as well as current clinical practices. For all the applications discussed in this paper (myocardial perfusion, viability, innervation, and function as acquired by single photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography or hybrid imaging), headings cover laboratory and patient demographics, clinical indication, tracer administration and image acquisition, findings, and conclusion of the report. The statement also discusses recommended terminology in nuclear cardiology, image display, and preliminary reports. It is hoped that this statement may lead to more attention to create well-written and standardized nuclear cardiology reports and eventually lead to improved clinical outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
196. READY: a web-based geographical information system for enhanced flood resilience through raising awareness in citizens.
- Author
-
Albano, R., Sole, A., and Adamowski, J.
- Subjects
GEOGRAPHIC information systems ,AWARENESS ,FLOODS ,FLOOD risk ,FLOOD control ,MANAGEMENT - Abstract
As evidenced by the EU Floods Directive (2007/60/EC), flood management strategies in Europe have undergone a shift in focus in recent years. The goal of flood prevention using structural measures has been replaced by an emphasis on the management of flood risks using non-structural measures. One implication of this is that it is no longer public authorities alone who take responsibility for flood management. A broader range of stakeholders, who may experience the negative effects of flooding, also take on responsibility to protect themselves. Therefore, it is vital that information concerning flood risks are conveyed to those who may be affected in order to facilitate the self protection of citizens. Experience shows that even where efforts have been made to communicate flood risks, problems persist. There is a need for the development of new tools, which are able to rapidly disseminate flood risk information to the general public. To be useful, these tools must be able to present information relevant to the location of the user. Moreover, the content and design of the tool need to be adjusted to laypeople's needs. Dissemination and communication influences both people's access to and understanding of natural risk information. Such a tool could be a useful aid to effective management of flood risks. To address this gap, a Web-based Geographical Information System, (WebGIS), has been developed through the collaborative efforts of a group of scientists, hazard and risk analysts and managers, GIS analysts, system developers and communication designers. This tool, called "READY: Risk, Extreme Events, Adaptation, Defend Yourself", aims to enhance the general public knowledge of flood risk, making them more capable of responding appropriately during a flood event. The READY WebGIS has allowed for the visualization and easy querying of a complex hazard and risk database thanks to a high degree of interactivity and its easily readable maps. In this way, READY has enabled fast exploration of alternative flood scenarios or past calamitous events. Combined also with a system of graphic symbols designed ad hoc for communication of self-protection behaviors, it is believed READY could lead to an increase in citizen participation, informed discussion and consensus building. The platform has been developed for a site-specific application, i.e. the Basilicata Region, Italy, has been selected as pilot application area. The goal of the prototype is to raise citizen awareness of flood risks, and to build social capacity and enhanced resilience to flood events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
197. AIR POLLUTION AND URBAN STRUCTURE LINKAGES: EVIDENCE FROM EUROPEAN CITIES - ENVIRONMENT WORKING PAPER No. 96.
- Author
-
Rodríguez, Miguel Cárdenas, Dupont-Courtade, Laura, and Oueslati, Walid
- Subjects
AIR pollution ,PARTICULATE matter ,ECONOMETRICS ,SULFUR dioxide ,METROPOLITAN areas - Abstract
Copyright of OECD Environment Working Papers is the property of Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
198. The White Paper on Opioids and Pain: A Pan-European Challenge: The European White Paper on the Use of Opioids in Chronic Pain Management.
- Subjects
OPIOIDS ,PAIN ,GOVERNMENT policy ,PATIENTS - Abstract
This document was developed by a group of over two dozen pain clinicians and investigators from Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany Ireland, Israel, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway. Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom and funded by an educational grant form Mundipharma International, Limited. The stated aim of the White Paper is to identify inequalities in government policies towards opioids that contribute to inadequate treatment of pain. It calls for their replacement with policies that will support doctors and patients in their efforts to relieve pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
199. Scientific papers presented at the European Congress of Radiology 2000: publication rates and characteristics during the period 2000-2004.
- Author
-
Miguel-Dasit, Alberto, Martí-Bonmatí, Luis, Sanfeliu, Pilar, Aleixandre, Rafael, and Martí-Bonmatí, Luis
- Subjects
RADIOLOGY ,ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc. ,CONFERENCES & conventions ,MEDLINE ,SCIENTIFIC development ,ABSTRACTING & indexing services ,MANUSCRIPTS ,MEDICAL specialties & specialists ,PROBABILITY theory ,PUBLISHING ,CONTINUING medical education ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors - Abstract
To determine the rate at which abstracts orally presented at the ECR 2000 were published between 2000-2004, and to identify predictive factors of publication and differences between abstracts and subsequently published papers. Specific search profiles were devised to retrieve items from the Medline database. From 1020 abstracts originating from 39 countries, 479 articles (publication rate 47%) were subsequently published in 139 Medline-indexed journals, most frequently in European Radiology (14%). Country of origin statistically (P<0.0001) influences the subsequent publication of the abstract, Germany having the highest number of presentations (n=343) and derived articles (publication rate 54%). Abstracts presented by authors from the USA (n=21) had the highest publication rate (76%). Most papers were published within the first 3 years after the meeting, as original articles and in English-language journals. Both the study sample size and the first author frequently changed. Chest and cardiac studies had the highest publication rates (56%, both). In summary, abstracts presented at the ECR 2000 had a high publication rate in Medline-indexed journals. Country of origin and subspecialty of presentation appeared to influence subsequent full publication. More articles were published in European Radiology than in other journal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
200. The EC Commission's white paper on environmental liability.
- Author
-
Wilde, M
- Subjects
ENVIRONMENTAL law - Abstract
Focuses the issues and implications of the Commission of the European Communities (CEC) publication of white paper on environmental liability. Consistency of the proposals with the aims of the CEC environmental policy; Possibility on the increase of damage cost made by polluters; Role of civil liability in environmental protection.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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