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Mesophase pitch fractions provide a cost-effective route for synthesizing carbon fibers from hydrocarbons such as naphthalene and methylnaphthalene. These carbon fibers, however, are less strong than those obtained from polyacrylonitrile. Proper control of the carbon fibers micro- and macrostructures and macro- and microvoid defects, and reduction of the mesopitch molecular weight distribution help improve the compressive and tensile strength of the graphite fibers.