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To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2005.11.002 Byline: Tor Korneliussen (a), PA[yen]l A. Pedersen (b), Kjell GrA[cedilla]nhaug (c) Keywords: Quality; Quality rating; Environmental uncertainty; Institution Abstract: Quality assessment is frequently applied in business-to-business marketing. It is usually assumed that quality assessment builds on the use of 'objective' rules and criteria, but this is not always true. In a longitudinal study it was found that an institutionalized practice of quality assessment was based on both 'objective' product characteristics, as well as more subjective supply/demand considerations, making quality assessment much more complex than usually assumed. Theoretical and managerial implications are highlighted. Author Affiliation: (a) BodA[cedilla] Graduate School of Business, Department of Marketing, 8049 BodA[cedilla], Norway (b) BodA[cedilla] Graduate School of Business, Department of Economics, 8049 BodA[cedilla], Norway (c) The Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration, Department of Strategy and Management, 5045 Bergen, Norway Article History: Received 4 January 2005; Revised 26 September 2005; Accepted 11 November 2005

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2006.05.005 Byline: Toril KolA[yen]s (a), Ola D. Saugstad (b), Anne K. Daltveit (c)(d), Stein T. Nilsen (e), PA[yen]l Aian (f) Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine neonatal outcomes among women with a planned cesarean and a planned vaginal delivery at term. Author Affiliation: (a) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway (b) Department of Pediatric Research, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (c) Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, Section for Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Bergen (d) The Medical Birth Registry of Norway, Bergen, Norway (e) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway (f) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of North Norway, TromsA[cedilla], Norway Article History: Received 8 September 2005; Revised 16 April 2006; Accepted 4 May 2006 Article Note: (footnote) Supported by the Norwegian Medical Association.

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2004.12.016 Byline: Katherine T. Chen (a)(b), Anne Eskild (c), Michaeline Bresnahan (b), Babill Stray-Pedersen (d), Arnold Sher (b), PA[yen]l A. Jenum (e) Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the association between previous maternal Toxoplasma gondii (T gondii) infection and risk of fetal death. Author Affiliation: (a) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University (b) Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University, New York, NY (c) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ulleval University Hospital, Department of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health (d) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Hospital, Oslo, Norway (e) Department of Microbiology, Laboratory Services, Asker and BA[bar]rum Hospital, Rud, Norway; Department of Microbiology, National Hospital, Oslo, Norway Article History: Received 25 October 2004; Revised 25 October 2004; Accepted 7 December 2004 Article Note: (footnote) Supported in part by a Women's Reproductive Health Research Career Development Center grant from the National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development (to Dr Chen).

Stocks in the toiletries/cosmetics industry outperformed other industries in 1996, and are also expected to do well in 1997. The European and US markets for these products are well established and are in line with demographics in spite of retail shelf constraints, the proliferation of new products, and irregular order patterns. However, profit increases in 1997 are expected to be good. Investors must focus on solid stocks in this timely industry.

Byline: Terese FolgerA[cedilla], Norunn Storbakk, Torberg Torbergsen, PA[yen]l Aian Keywords: Preeclampsia; genetics; mitochondrial dysfunction; mitochondrial transfer ribonucleic acid mutations Abstract: OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether maternally inherited mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid mutations could be associated with preeclampsia because mendelian models fail to explain all the aspects of inheritance in preeclampsia. STUDY DESIGN: In two families with a high occurrence of preeclampsia and eclampsia the 22 mitochondrial transfer ribonucleic acid genes were sequenced in eight and three women, respectively. RESULTS: An A-to-G mutation in transfer ribonucleic acid.sup.leu[UUR] at nucleotide 3243 was found in one family, and in the other there was an A-to-G mutation at nucleotide 12308 in transfer ribonucleic acid.sup.leu[CUN]. Mutations of mitochondrial transfer ribonucleic acid genes are generally considered to have systemic consequences, which might explain the multiorgan involvement seen in preeclampsia. CONCLUSION: We report for the first time mutations in mitochondrial transfer ribonucleic acid genes in two families with a high occurrence of preeclampsia and eclampsia. Mitochondrial dysfunction caused by point mutations of mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid is maternally inherited, but in the case of mutations of nuclear genes mitochondrial dysfunction can be inherited as an autosomal recessive or dominant trait. (AM J OBSTET GYNECOL 1996;174:1626-30.) Author Affiliation: TromsA[cedilla], Norway Article History: Received 25 May 1995; Revised 18 September 1995; Accepted 28 September 1995 Article Note: (footnote) [star] From the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecologya and Neurology, b University of TromsA[cedilla]. , [star][star] Reprint requests: Terese FolgerA[cedilla], MD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of TromsA[cedilla], N-9038 TromsA[cedilla], Norway., a 0002-9378/96 $5.00 + 0 6/1/69617

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2009.06.003 Byline: Anne Eskild (a)(b), PA[yen]l R. Romundstad (c), Lars J. Vatten (c) Keywords: birthweight; large for gestational age; placental weight; preeclampsia; small for gestational age Abstract: Placental weight and infant birthweight may be markers of different types of preeclampsia. We studied birthweight within placental weight percentiles in pregnancies with and without preeclampsia. Author Affiliation: (a) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Medical Faculty Division, University of Oslo, and Akershus University Hospital, LA[cedilla]renskog, Oslo, Norway (b) Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway (c) Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway Article History: Received 10 March 2009; Revised 14 April 2009; Accepted 1 June 2009 Article Note: (footnote) This study was supported by the University of Oslo and by the Norwegian University of Science and Technology., Cite this article as: Eskild A, Romundstad PR, Vatten LJ. Placental weight and birthweight: does the association differ between pregnancies with and without preeclampsia? Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009;201:595.e1-5.

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2008.07.021 Byline: Dorthe Fuglenes (a), PA[yen]l Aian (b), Ivar SA[cedilla]nbA[cedilla] Kristiansen (a)(c) Keywords: cesarean section; fear of litigation; maternal request; risk attitude Abstract: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that obstetricians' choice of delivery method is influenced by their risk attitude and perceived risk of complaints and malpractice litigation. Author Affiliation: (a) Institute of Health Management and Health Economics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (b) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of North Norway and the Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of TromsA[cedilla], TromsA[cedilla], Norway (c) Institute of Public Health, Research Unit of General Practice, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark Article History: Received 5 February 2008; Revised 23 April 2008; Accepted 8 July 2008 Article Note: (footnote) Cite this article as: Fuglenes D, Aian P, Kristiansen IS. Obstetricians' choice of cesarean delivery in ambiguous cases: is it influenced by risk attitude or fear of complaints and litigation? Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009;200:48.e1-48.e8. , This study was financed by the University of Oslo.

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2006.10.909 Byline: Lars J. Vatten (1), Anne Eskild (3), Tom I.L. Nilsen (1), Stig Jeansson (4), PA[yen]l A. Jenum (5), Anne Cathrine Staff (2) Keywords: length of pregnancy; placenta growth factor; population study; preeclampsia; soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 Abstract: This study was undertaken to assess changes in placenta growth factor and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 as predictors of preeclampsia. Author Affiliation: (1) Department of Public Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (2) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UllevA[yen]l University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (3) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo, and the Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway (4) Department of Microbiology, UllevA[yen]l University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (5) Department of Microbiology, Asker and BA[bar]rum Hospital, BA[bar]rum, Norway. Article History: Received 7 August 2006; Revised 7 September 2006; Accepted 27 October 2006 Article Note: (footnote) This study was supported by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health, the Norwegian Research Council, and the Norwegian Ministry of Health Care. Cite this article as: Vatten LJ, Eskild A, Nilsen TIL, Jeansson S, Jenum PA, Staff AC. Changes in circulating level of angiogenic factors from the first to second trimester as predictors of preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007;196:239.e1-239.e6. Reprints not available from the authors.