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This paper proposes an approach coupling security-constrained optimal power flow with time-domain simulation to determine an optimal combination of preventive and corrective controls ensuring a voltage stable transition of the system towards a feasible long-term equilibrium, if any of a set of postulated contingencies occurs. A security-constrained optimal power flow is used to adjust the respective contribution of preventive and corrective actions. Furthermore, information is extracted from (quasi steady-state) time-domain simulations to iteratively adjust the set of coupling constraints used by a corrective security-constrained optimal power flow until its solution is found dynamically secure and viable. Numerical results are provided on a realistic 55-bus test system. Index Terms--Emergency control, optimal power flow, preventive control, time-domain simulation, voltage stability.

This paper proposes a simple procedure to identify the onset of long-term voltage instability from the time evolution of the distribution voltages controlled by load tap changers. The moving average of sampled measurements is computed and used to trigger local emergency signals. The method is validated on voltage signals obtained from time simulation of a realistic test system. The ability to identify instability in the critical area is demonstrated in three test cases. Index Terms--Emergency detection, load tap changer, long-term voltage stability, overexcitation limiter, voltage collapse.

A new load shedding scheme against long-term voltage instability is proposed. It uses a set of distributed controllers, each monitoring transmission voltages in a zone and controlling a group of related loads. Each controller acts in closed-loop, shedding amounts that vary in magnitude and time according to the evolution of its monitored voltage. The whole system can operate without information exchange between controllers, the latter being implicitly coordinated through network voltages. The operation, design and robustness features are illustrated through simulations of a real system. Index Terms--distributed control, system protection scheme, undervoltage load shedding, voltage stability.

This paper deals with the analysis of situations where load increases and/or contingencies cause transmission voltages to become unstable or unacceptably low. Simple sensitivities are proposed to determine the relative efficiency of candidate remedial actions, which are parameter changes likely to strengthen the system. To this purpose, the sensitivities of the bus voltage magnitude experiencing the largest drop are considered. In the neighborhood of a loadability limit or a critical point, it is shown that these sensitivities and those based on eigenvalue and eigenvector computation are essentially the same. However, the proposed analysis can also deal with low but stable situations. The accuracy of the proposed sensitivities is demonstrated on the models of two real systems, in which the parameters of concern are bus power injections. Index Terms--Bifurcation, eigenanalysis, quasi steady-state simulation, sensitivity analysis, voltage security analysis, voltage stability.

The problem of defining and classifying power system stability has been addressed by several previous CIGRE and IEEE Task Force reports. These earlier efforts, however, do not completely reflect current industry needs, experiences and understanding. In particular, the definitions are not precise and the classifications do not encompass all practical instability scenarios. This report developed by a Task Force, set up jointly by the CIGRE Study Committee 38 and the IEEE Power System Dynamic Performance Committee, addresses the issue of stability definition and classification in power systems from a fundamental viewpoint and closely examines the practical ramifications. The report aims to define power system stability more precisely, provide a systematic basis for its classification, and discuss linkages to related issues such as power system reliability and security. Index Terms--Frequency stability, Lyapunov stability, oscillatory stability, power system stability, small-signal stability, terms and definitions, transient stability, voltage stability.

This paper presents a Simulink-based educational tool developed for the purpose of illustrating power system control and stability notions as well as introducing students to realistic, though tractable in size, design problems. Relevant courses are taught to last-year undergraduate as well as graduate students at the University of Liege, Belgium, and the National Technical University of Athens, Greece. After a brief description of the corresponding curricula, the paper describes the simulation tool and gives examples of problems and assignments given to the students. Index Terms--Computer simulation, Matlab, power system control, power system stability, Simulink.

This paper addresses the problem of changing the operating point of a power system in order to keep voltage security margins with respect to contingencies above some minimal value. Margins take on the form of maximum pre-contingency power transfers either between a generation and a load area or between two generation areas. They are determined by means of a fast time-domain method. We will first discuss the use of a general optimal power flow, in which linear voltage security constraints are added. The simultaneous control of several (possibly conflicting) contingencies is considered. Then, we will focus on the minimal control change objective. Among the possible controls, emphasis is put on generation rescheduling and load curtailment. Examples are presented on an 80-bus test system as well as on a real system. Index Terms--Dynamic security analysis, generation rescheduling, load curtailment, preventive control, voltage stability.

A new design of load shedding against long-term voltage instability is proposed. It uses a set of distributed controllers, each monitoring a transmission voltage, controlling a group of loads, acting in closed-loop, and adjusting its action to the voltage evolution. The whole system operates without information exchange between controllers. Index Terms--Distributed control, system protection scheme, undervoltage load shedding, voltage stability.

An approach inspired by model predictive control is proposed to determine a sequence of control actions aimed at alleviating thermal overloads. The algorithm brings the line currents below their limits in the time interval left by protections while accounting for constraints on control changes at each step. Its closed-loop nature allows to compensate for model inaccuracies. Index Terms--Emergency control, model predictive control, thermal overload.