Search

Extensive urbanization of the Eastern Seaboard has meant that the forests of the eastern United States now reflect complex and highly dynamic patterns of change depending on the spatial and [...]

We investigate land conversion to development in micropolitan areas in Appalachia and the Black Belt. Both of these areas have legacies of spatial inequality, with many counties historically lagging behind [...]

Based on the proposition that leasing is environmentally superior to selling, some firms have adopted a leasing strategy and others promote their existing leasing programs as environmentally superior to 'green' their image. The argument is that because a leasing firm retains ownership of the off-lease units, it has an incentive to remarket them or invest in designing a more durable product, resulting in a lower volume of new production and disposal. However, leasing might be environmentally inferior because of the direct control the firm has over the off-lease products, which may prompt the firm to remove them from the market to avoid cannibalizing the demand for new products. Motivated by these issues, we adopt a life-cycle environmental impact perspective and analytically investigate if leasing can be both more profitable and have a lower total environmental impact. We find that leasing can be environmentally worse despite remarketing all off-lease products and greener than selling despite the mid-life removal of off-lease products. Our analysis also provides insights for environmental groups and entities that use different approaches to improve the environmental performance of business practices. We show that imposing disposal fees or encouraging remanufacturing, under some conditions, can actually lead to higher environmental impact. We also identify when educating consumers to be more environmentally conscious can improve the relative environmental performance of leasing. Key words: durable goods; sustainable operations; green marketing; environment; servicizing History: Received May 21, 2009; accepted June 25, 2011, by J. Miguel Villas-Boas, marketing. Published online in Articles in Advance October 28, 2011., 1. Introduction Making firms responsible for their products post-use has been discussed as a mechanism to improve their environmental performance. The argument is that this may give the firms an [...]

Doi: 10.1080/10473289.2011.615267 INTRODUCTION Professor Tim Townsend's critical review (CR)(1) presented a comprehensive discussion of the hazards associated with disposal of used or waste electronics and electrical equipment (WEEE) and their [...]

Ethanol can be used as a better substitute of lead additives, and gasoline, due to its falling costs in Africa. Fuel ethanol though cheap, does not arise automatically, and poses local and international problems.

Use of elemental mercury in certain cultural and religious practices can cause high exposures to mercury vapor. Uses include sprinkling mercury on the floor of a home or car, burning [...]

Analysis of the environmental policies of the Soviet Union and the former Soviet Union region indicate an emphasis on preventing pollution from multiple threats, instead of human exposure to individual pollutants. While Soviet bans on lead-based paint and leaded gasoline have been effective, post-Soviet environmental problems involve control of lead-acid batteries.

This article presents a analysis of the relation between the use of lead in gasoline and population blood levels from 19 studies from six continents. In 17 of the studies, there are data changes in blood lead levels before and after the changes in use of lead in gasoline. In 11 of the studies, there are data on air lead levels. The analysis of the data suggests that reductions in gasoline lead levels have been a major causal factor in the observed reductions in population blood lead levels at these locations. Tables and cites are included.

Studies have shown that environmental dixon levels are far in excess of known emissions. These findings suggest that there are unknown sources of dioxin or that scientists have underestimated natural sources. Efforts to account for dioxin emissions have improved over the years but more research needs to be conducted to gain a more accurate picture of the behavior of dioxins.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has developed an estimate of the human cancer risk from dioxin, using the standard low-dose linear extrapolation approach. This estimate has been controversial because [...]

Cinnamon, passion fruit, nutmeg, melons, mountain streams, waterfalls, lush vegetation, roti, rum punch, blazing hot sun, long white sandy beaches coconut water, roast saltfish and breadfruit oildown, mangoes, sugar-apple palm [...]