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Luther's Works on CD-ROM. Version 1.0. Edited by Jaroslav Pelikan and Helmut T. Lehmann. Fortress/Concordia, $179.00. MY LIBRARY BOASTS seven linear feet of red-bound volumes of Luther's Works, American Edition [...]

Luther's Works on CD-Rom. Edited by Jaroslav Pelikan and Helmut T. Lehmann (Fortress Press; Concordia Publishing House, $179). In addition to the complete 55-volume set of the American Edition of [...]

Background Eimeria genus belongs to the apicomplexan parasite phylum and is responsible for coccidiosis, an intestinal disease with a major economic impact on poultry production. Eimeria tenella is one of the most virulent species in chickens. In a previous study, we showed a negative impact of caecal microbiota on the physiopathology of this infection. However, the mechanism by which microbiota leads to the physiopathology remained undetermined. Macrophages play a key role in inflammatory processes and their interaction with the microbiota during E. tenella infection have never been investigated. We therefore examined the impact of microbiota on macrophages during E. tenella infection. Macrophages were monitored in caecal tissues by immunofluorescence staining with KUL01 antibody in non-infected and infected germ-free and conventional chickens. Caecal cells were isolated, stained, analyzed and sorted to examine their gene expression using high-throughput qPCR. Results We demonstrated that microbiota was essential for caecal macrophage recruitment in E. tenella infection. Furthermore, microbiota promoted a pro-inflammatory transcriptomic profile of macrophages characterized by increased gene expression of NOS2, ACOD1, PTGS2, TNF[alpha], IL1[beta], IL6, IL8L1, IL8L2 and CCL20 in infected chickens. Administration of caecal microbiota from conventional chickens to germ-free infected chickens partially restored macrophage recruitment and response. Conclusions Taken together, these results suggest that the microbiota enhances the physiopathology of this infection through macrophage recruitment and activation. Consequently, strategies involving modulation of the gut microbiota may lead to attenuation of the macrophage-mediated inflammatory response, thereby limiting the negative clinical outcome of the disease. Keywords: Eimeria tenella, Macrophages, Microbiota, Inflammation, Immune response, Germ-free, Chicken, Author(s): F. Tomal[sup.1,2], A. Sausset[sup.1], Y. Le Vern[sup.1], L. Sedano[sup.1], C. Techer[sup.2], S. Lacroix-Lamandé[sup.1], F. Laurent[sup.1], A. Silvestre[sup.1] and F. I. Bussière[sup.1] Introduction Coccidiosis is caused by an apicomplexan protozoan [...]

Abstract The extinct betulaceous genus Palaeocarpinus accommodates fossils with a mixture of characters shared by fruits of the extant genera Carpinus and Corylus. Originally described from the Paleocene of southeastern [...]

We developed an enantioselective voltammetric sensor based on a carbon-paste electrode modified by enantiomorphic crystals of bromotriphenylmethane for the recognition and determination of tryptophan enantiomers. Enantiomorphic crystals of bromotriphenylmethane were obtained under the condition of Viedma ripening. The electrochemical and analytical characteristics of the sensor were studied. The proposed sensor was used to recognize and determine the enantiomers of L- and D-tryptophan in model solutions of pharmaceutical preparations and in human urine and blood plasma samples. The sensor is easy to manufacture and exhibits high reproducibility and stability. It was shown that, in using chemometric data processing, the presence of even slight differences between the voltammograms of enantiomers recorded using the proposed carbon-paste electrode is sufficient for their reliable recognition., Author(s): Yu. A. Yarkaeva [sup.1], E. N. Islamuratova [sup.1], L. R. Zagitova [sup.1], V. Yu. Gus'kov [sup.1], R. A. Zil'berg [sup.1], V. N. Maistrenko [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.77269.3d, 0000 [...]

This essay traces the varying implications of the word-concept conversion from the early Reformation to its use in John Donne's poems and sermons, in a sermon by Lancelot Andrewes, and in John Milton's Paradise Lost. Conversion is by definition a turning, usually a turning to or toward something, although also a turning back or even around, like a top. Historically, the English word derives from the Latin verb vertere, meaning 'to turn,' and over time it develops a wide range of sociocultural applications. Its religious application--a redirecting, renewal, or reconfiguration of faith--is the most familiar. Another common word in the Renaissance that also means 'turn' is trope, which refers to a figure of speech, such as metaphor. Like a trope (or turn), a conversion (or turn) involves a change, a shift, or a movement from one thing to another. Not surprisingly, given this intertwined background, controversies about the figurative or literal interpretation of the words with which Christ instituted the Eucharist in the Bible were at the very heart of religious conversion in England and on the Continent during the Reformation. Evident in these controversies is the changing perception of matter itself, of the material world, and of its relation to spirit. In Donne's, Andrewes's, and Milton's writings, the persistence of religious tradition is equally evident, along with its radical appropriation to other meanings., During the long Reformation period in England, from the early sixteenth century well into the seventeenth, religious change-conversion in its broadest sense--coincided with the reading and interpretation of the Bible, [...]

'To my knowledge,' Bruce D. Marshall notes in his foreword to this welcomed volume, 'no systematic theologian of his generation commented on the Bible as extensively as [Jenson] did.' Likewise, [...]

Abstract This article investigates an uncharted facet of Martin Luther's Hebrew translation method. It is one of the more fascinating aspects of his translation, which demonstrates both the complexity of [...]

Controlled synthesis of the electroluminescent polymer PFO-MEH-PPV (poly[(9,9-dioctyl-2,7-divinylenefluorenylene)-alt-co-(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene)]) provided samples of varying molecular weight (Mw) in the range 20-360 kDa, as determined by gel-permeation chromatography and light scattering. The samples were used as the active layers in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), and the performanceofthe devices was examinedasafunctionofMw. Turn-on voltages fellinthe range 1.92-2.78 V, luminances varied from 231 to 5826 cd/m (2), and luminous efficacies ranged from 0.06 to 0.90 lm/W. The emitted colour was found to vary from green to yellow as Mw increases. Optimal performance was attained by using PFO-MEH-PPV with Mw = 100 kDa. To help reveal how Mw determines the performance of OLEDs, relative quantum yields of photoluminescence in solutions and films were measured, and films were characterized by atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Key words: organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), electroluminescent polymers, molecular weight, photoluminescence quantum yield. La synthese controlee du polymere electroluminescent PFO-MEH-PPV (poly[(9,9-dioctyl-2,7-divinylenefluorenylene)-alt-co-(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene)]) a permis de generer des echantillons de divers poids moleculaires (Mw) dans l'intervalle de 20 a 360 kDa, que nous avons determines par chromatographie sur gel permeable et diffusion de la lumiere. Nous avons utilise ces echantillons comme couches actives dans des diodes electroluminescentes organiques (DELO) dont nous avons examine la performance en fonction du Mw. Les valeurs de tension d'activation se trouvaient dans l'intervalle de 1,92 a 2,78 V, les valeurs de luminance variaient de 231 a 5826 cd/[m.sup.2] et les valeurs d'efficacite lumineuse, de 0,06 a 0,90 lm/W. Nous avons observe que la couleur emise passe duvertau jaunea mesure queleMwaugmente. La performance optimale a ete atteinte avecle PFO-MEH-PPV de Mw = 100 kDa. Afin de mieux comprendre la maniere dont le Mw determine la performance des DELO, nous avons mesure les rendements quantiques relatifs de photoluminescence en solutions et dans les films, et nous avons caracterise ces derniers par microscopie a force atomique et microscopie electronique en transmission. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : diodes electroluminescentes organiques (DELO), polymeres electroluminescents, poids moleculaire, rendement quantique de photoluminescence., Introduction The world needs renewable sources of energy to reduce dependency on fossil fuels, and efforts must also be made to moderate the increasing global demand for energy. At present, [...]

Byline: Arun. Chougule, Gourav. Jain [INLINE:1] Author: The IAEA officer responsible for this publication was Giorgia Loreti of the Division of Human Health. Edition: First Edition Publisher: International Atomic Energy [...]

Byline: Pratik. Kumar Novel Positron Emission Tomography Tracer for Biology-Guided Radiation Therapy Researchers at Stanford University, USA, have created a new 89Zr radioisotope-based positron emission tomography (PET) tracer called 89Zr-Panitumumab [...]

Byline: Ben. Perrett, Jaysree. Ukath, Emma. Horgan, Chris. Noble, Prabhakar. Ramachandran This paper aims to provide guidance and a framework for commissioning tests and tolerances for the ExacTrac Dynamic image-guided [...]

Byline: Athena. Sharifi-Razavi, Narges. Karimi, Hamed. Jafarpour Background: Selenium is a trace element that protects against cellular damage by oxygen radicals through selenoproteins. Ischemic stroke is associated with the generation [...]

Background Members of the genus Arcobacter are considered as emerging zoonotic food and waterborne pathogens that cause gastroenteritis and bacteremia in humans. However, the potential risk that Arcobacter species pose to public health remains unassessed in various countries, including Baltic states. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility and presence of putative virulence genes of Arcobacter isolates recovered from humans, food products and environmental water in Lithuania. Results A total of 1862 samples were collected and examined from 2018 to 2020 in the city of Kaunas. Overall, 11.2% (n = 208) of the samples were positive for the presence of Arcobacter spp. The highest prevalence was detected in chicken meat (36%), followed by environmental water (28.1%), raw cow milk (25%), ready-to-eat salad mixes (7.1%) and human stool (1.7%). A. butzleri was the most frequently isolated species (n = 192; 92.3%), followed by A. cryaerophilus (n = 16; 7.7%). Arcobacter spp. antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed unimodally distributed aggregated minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for gentamicin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin and erythromycin. However, a bimodal distribution for azithromycin was found with 96.2% of determined MICs above the epidemiological cut-off value (ECOFF) defined for Campylobacter jejuni (0.25 [micro]g/ml). Majority of the Arcobacter isolates (n = 187; 89.9%) showed high susceptibility to ciprofloxacin with MICs below or equal to the ECOFF value of 0.5 [micro]g/ml. The putative virulence genes cadF (100%), ciaB (100%), cj1349 (99%), tlyA (99%), mviN (97.9%) and pldA (95.8%) were the predominant genes detected among A. butzleri isolates. In contrast, the mviN and ciaB genes were present in all, whereas cj1349 (12.5%), tlyA (25%) and hecA (12.5%) were only detected in few A. cryaerophilus isolates. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that food products and environmental water in Lithuania are frequently contaminated with Arcobacter spp. that carry multiple putative virulence genes. Furthermore, A. butzleri were isolated from 1.7% of inpatients. Fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides were found to be more effective against Arcobacter in comparison to other antimicrobial agents. However, further studies are needed to determine the pathogenic mechanisms and factors that facilitate the spread of Arcobacter infections. Keywords: Arcobacter, Humans, Food, Environmental water, Prevalence, Antimicrobial susceptibility, Virulence genes, Author(s): Dainius Uljanovas[sup.1], Greta Gölz[sup.2], Vanessa Brückner[sup.2], Audrone Grineviciene[sup.3], Egle Tamuleviciene[sup.4], Thomas Alter[sup.2] and Mindaugas Malakauskas[sup.1] Background The genus Arcobacter was proposed in 1991 [1] based on DNA-rRNA, DNA-DNA hybridization [...]

This article explores the future genre of android ghosts, utilizing age-old concepts of ghosts, and souls, in helping to prepare for the difficult social, legal, and ethical questions raised by the introduction of artificially-intelligent human simulacra ('androids') into our contemporary lives. KEYWORDS: Cyborg, Ghosts, Androids, Posthumanism, The introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) problematizes our discrete categorizations of folklore and folk groups. As humans interact with AI more and more, folklorists must ask to what degree is [...]

Abstract.--A large-scale monitoring program associated with the establishment of a marine protected area network in southern California provided an opportunity to observe and document unique or rare species across the [...]

The human brain is unusually large. It has tripled in size from Australopithecines to modern humans.sup.1 and has become almost six times larger than expected for a placental mammal of human size.sup.2. Brains incur high metabolic costs.sup.3 and accordingly a long-standing question is why the large human brain has evolved.sup.4. The leading hypotheses propose benefits of improved cognition for overcoming ecological.sup.5-7, social.sup.8-10 or cultural.sup.11-14 challenges. However, these hypotheses are typically assessed using correlative analyses, and establishing causes for brain-size evolution remains difficult.sup.15,16. Here we introduce a metabolic approach that enables causal assessment of social hypotheses for brain-size evolution. Our approach yields quantitative predictions for brain and body size from formalized social hypotheses given empirical estimates of the metabolic costs of the brain. Our model predicts the evolution of adult Homo sapiens-sized brains and bodies when individuals face a combination of 60% ecological, 30% cooperative and 10% between-group competitive challenges, and suggests that between-individual competition has been unimportant for driving human brain-size evolution. Moreover, our model indicates that brain expansion in Homo was driven by ecological rather than social challenges, and was perhaps strongly promoted by culture. Our metabolic approach thus enables causal assessments that refine, refute and unify hypotheses of brain-size evolution.Using estimates of metabolic costs of the brain and body, mathematical predictions suggest that the evolution of adult Homo sapiens-sized brains and bodies is driven by ecological rather than social challenges and is perhaps strongly promoted by culture., Author(s): Mauricio González-Forero [sup.1] , Andy Gardner [sup.1] Author Affiliations:(1) School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UKMain The leading hypotheses for the evolution of brain size make [...]

Hereditary Polyposis Syndromes are a group of rare, inherited syndromes characterized by the presence of histopathologically specific or numerous intestinal polyps and an increased risk of cancer. Some polyposis syndromes have been known for decades, but the development in genetic technologies has allowed the identification of new syndromes.. The diagnosis entails surveillance from an early age, but universal guideline on how to manage and surveille these new syndromes are lacking. This paper represents a condensed version of the recent guideline (2020) from a working group appointed by the Danish Society of Medical Genetics and the Danish Society of Surgery on recommendations for the surveillance of patients with hereditary polyposis syndromes, including rare polyposis syndromes. Keywords: Cancer, Polyposis, Genetics, Hereditary, Surveillance, Management, Guideline, Author(s): Anne Marie Jelsig[sup.1], John Gásdal Karstensen[sup.2,3], Niels Jespersen[sup.2], Zohreh Ketabi[sup.4], Charlotte Lautrup[sup.5], Karina Ranlund[sup.6], Lone Sunde[sup.5], Karin Wadt[sup.1], Ole Thorlacius-Ussing[sup.7,8] and Niels Qvist[sup.9,10] Background Hereditary Polyposis Syndromes (HPSs) are [...]

Byline: Atul. Vijay, Akshy. Kumar, Shivani. Saini, Shail. Agarwal Sir, Ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens (IBS), type of bullous ichthyosis, is distinguished from more severe and deeper bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma [...]

General Studies Surveys Cameron, Euan. The European Reformation. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. Hillerbrand, Hans. The Division of Christendom: Christianity in the Sixteenth Century. Louisville, KY: Westminster John [...]

Abstract The 2017 commemoration of the Reformation is an opportunity to reflect on the dynamic of the Reformation as a phenomenon of change, change that seems to be needed in [...]

Abstract While Luther did not intend to start a Reformation with his 95 Theses, the increasingly sharp conflict with the ecclesiastical authorities led to a separation between Luther and his [...]

Abstract This article argues that the commemoration of the Reformation is not just a time to look back historically, but an occasion to reflect where reform and reformation is needed [...]

Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) in the intensive care unit is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Objectives To determine and update previous recommendations for the prevention of AKI, specifically the role of fluids, diuretics, inotropes, vasopressors/vasodilators, hormonal and nutritional interventions, sedatives, statins, remote ischaemic preconditioning and care bundles. Method A systematic search of the literature was performed for studies published between 1966 and March 2017 using these potential protective strategies in adult patients at risk of AKI. The following clinical conditions were considered: major surgery, critical illness, sepsis, shock, exposure to potentially nephrotoxic drugs and radiocontrast. Clinical endpoints included incidence or grade of AKI, the need for renal replacement therapy and mortality. Studies were graded according to the international GRADE system. Results We formulated 12 recommendations, 13 suggestions and seven best practice statements. The few strong recommendations with high-level evidence are mostly against the intervention in question (starches, low-dose dopamine, statins in cardiac surgery). Strong recommendations with lower-level evidence include controlled fluid resuscitation with crystalloids, avoiding fluid overload, titration of norepinephrine to a target MAP of 65-70 mmHg (unless chronic hypertension) and not using diuretics or levosimendan for kidney protection solely. Conclusion The results of recent randomised controlled trials have allowed the formulation of new recommendations and/or increase the strength of previous recommendations. On the other hand, in many domains the available evidence remains insufficient, resulting from the limited quality of the clinical trials and the poor reporting of kidney outcomes., Author(s): M. Joannidis [sup.1], W. Druml [sup.2], L. G. Forni [sup.3], A. B. J. Groeneveld, P. M. Honore [sup.4], E. Hoste [sup.5], M. Ostermann [sup.6], H. M. Oudemans-van Straaten [sup.7], [...]

ABSTRACT Background: Traditionally, molecular docking is primarily employed to screen pure compounds; the top-ranking chemicals are subsequently selected for experimental validation. Unlike synthetic chemicals, most natural products are commercially unavailable. [...]

The aim of this systematic review (PubMed, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed and Cochrane, www.cochrane.org; last entry 31 December 2014) was to present data from recent clinical studies investigating parenteral trace element provision in adult patients and to draw conclusions for clinical practice. Important physiological functions in human metabolism are known for nine trace elements: selenium, zinc, copper, manganese, chromium, iron, molybdenum, iodine and fluoride. Lack of, or an insufficient supply of, these trace elements in nutrition therapy over a prolonged period is associated with trace element deprivation, which may lead to a deterioration of existing clinical symptoms and/or the development of characteristic malnutrition syndromes. Therefore, all parenteral nutrition prescriptions should include a daily dose of trace elements. To avoid trace element deprivation or imbalances, physiological doses are recommended. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2016) 70, 886-893; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2016.53; published online 6 April 2016, INTRODUCTION In human physiology, inorganic elements that are found in low concentrations in body tissues and fluids are generally termed as trace elements. (1) For nine trace elements, at least [...]

Background Arcobacter constitute emerging food- and waterborne pathogens causing gastroenteritis in humans, but the underlying mechanisms are only incompletely understood. We therefore characterized Arcobacter isolates derived from human stool samples that had been collected during a prospective prevalence study in Germany in vitro. Thirty-six bacterial isolates belonging to the species A. butzleri (n = 24), A. cryaerophilus (n = 10) and A. lanthieri (n = 2) were genotyped by ERIC-PCR, the presence of 10 putative virulence genes was assessed and cytotoxic effects on the human intestinal cell line HT-29/B6 were analyzed applying the WST-assay. Results Genotyping revealed high genetic diversity within the species A. butzleri, A. cryaerophilus and A. lanthieri. Both, A. butzleri and A. lanthieri encoded for a large number of putative virulence genes, while fewer genes were detectable in A. cryaerophilus isolates. Notably, the three cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) genes cdtA, cdtB and cdtC were abundant in both A. lanthieri isolates. Furthermore, all A. butzleri and A. lanthieri, but only one of the A. cryaerophilus isolates exerted cytotoxic effects. Conclusions Our study provides evidence for the abundance of putative virulence genes in Arcobacter isolates and prominent cytotoxic effects of A. butzleri and A. lanthieri in vitro. The presence of cdtA, cdtB, cdtC in A. lanthieri points towards CDT secretion as potential mechanism underlying cytotoxicity as opposed to A. butzleri. However, the association of the Arcobacter virulence factors detected and human morbidity should be addressed in future studies. Keywords: Arcobacter, Human, Cytotoxicity, Virulence genes, Genotyping, Author(s): Vanessa Brückner[sup.1], Ulrike Fiebiger[sup.2], Ralf Ignatius[sup.2,3], Johannes Friesen[sup.3], Martin Eisenblätter[sup.4], Marlies Höck[sup.5], Thomas Alter[sup.1], Stefan Bereswill[sup.2], Markus M. Heimesaat[sup.2] and Greta Gölz[sup.1] Background Arcobacter constitute Gram-negative, motile bacilli belonging [...]

Byline: Alireza. Rezaeiashtiani, Ali. Jadidi, Ali. Khanmohammadi-Hezaveh, Seyyed. Aghaeipour, Yasaman. Pourandish, Shima. Malekhosseini, Keivan. Ghassami, Abolfazl. Mohammadbeigi Background: Many patients presenting with migraine also complain of constipation. The relationship between [...]

We continue the analysis of modifications of the total variation image inpainting method formulated on the space BV[([OMEGA]).sup.M] and treat the case of vector-valued images where we do not impose any structure condition on the density F and the dimension of the domain Q is arbitrary. We discuss the existence of generalized solutions of the corresponding variational problem and show the unique solvability of the associated dual variational problem. We establish the uniqueness of the absolutely continuous part [[nabla].sup.a]u of the gradient of BV-solutions u on the domain Q and get the uniqueness of BV-solutions outside the damaged region D. We also prove new density results for functions of bounded variation and for Sobolev functions. Bibliography: 36 titles., UDC 517.9 1 Introduction In this paper, we continue the analysis of some perturbations of the total variation image in-painting model started in [1] from a more theoretical point of [...]

The Cantiones sacrae of Andreas Pevernage Although Ruhling's tablature and the Sistine Chapel diaries show that the exegetical use of motets transcended both regional and confessional boundaries, it remains difficult [...]

The interpretation of genetic variation on and among corals on reefs has rarely been contextualized in an explicitly spatial framework where each individual has both genetic and spatial parameters. Here, we explore interactions between sampling effort, sampling design, and the presence of spatial genetic structure (SGS) on the ability to effectively characterize genetic diversity on a coral reef. To do this, we take our dataset of 2352 genotypes (78 unique multi-locus genotypes) of the coral, Pocillopora damicornis, collected from June 2007 to October 2009, a dataset of near-exhaustive sampling of a single patch reef in Kane'ohe Bay, Hawai'i (21°27.462N, 157°48.405W), and subsample from it using three different strategies: (1) random sampling from throughout the reef; (2) saturation sampling all corals from within a pre-defined area of the reef, avoiding the reef's edge; and (3) sampling all nearest neighbors of a randomly chosen coral while allowing for the inclusion of the reef's edge. Our results demonstrate appreciable variation (e.g., 0.35-0.46) in estimates of observed heterozygosity (H.sub.O) using a typical sample size of 50 and that in the presence of SGS, non-random sampling schemes can give biased estimates of genetic diversity. Furthermore, our results indicate that over 1000 samples (i.e., ~40 % of the total number of colonies) are required to reveal the true pattern of spatial genetic structure at our site. We also demonstrate by rarefaction analysis that the bias in estimating clonal richness (i.e., the proportion of unique genotypes in a given sampling area relative to the total number of samples surveyed) for small sample numbers is due to the predominance of clones (i.e., high level of clonality) and not skew in genet frequency distribution. Overall, we argue that: (1) consideration of sampling design is important in population genetic studies, particularly since non-random sampling in the presence of SGS can give biased estimates of genetic diversity and (2) intense to near-exhaustive sampling schemes may be important for characterizing genetic diversity in highly clonal populations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00227-015-2634-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users., Author(s): Kelvin D. Gorospe[sup.1] , Megan J. Donahue[sup.1] , Stephen A. Karl[sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, P.O. Box 1346, 96744, Kane'ohe, [...]

* Everything Happens with Absolute Necessity Among the quotations from Luther's works condemned by the pope in 1520 was the statement that free will is something that exists in name [...]

Several studies have demonstrated the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of fruit and seed extracts from Pterodon emarginatus Vogel (Fabaceae). The objective of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive activity of the hydroethanolic extract of P. emarginatus leaves in mice and characterize its chemical composition using HPLC coupled to UV-vis diode array detection and mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization. Our results showed that the doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg produced an antinociceptive effect, as observed in the hot plate test and writhing induced by acetic acid. The chromatographic profile and spectral mass data suggest the presence of di-C-glycosylflavones (e.g., vicenin-2 and schaftoside), C,O-glycosylflavones (e.g., chrysoeriol-8-C-glucosyl-2'-0-glucuronide-6-C-arabinoside) and luteolin-7-C,O-rutinoside as the main constituents. Lower levels of oleanane-type saponins, such as soyasaponin Bb and Be, and the saponin derivatives hederagenin and aglycone B, which are typical of Fabaceae family, were also found. From this study, it is suggested that the analgesic effect observed is not due to the terpenoids previously reported from fruit and seed extracts, but could be attributed to flavones and the hederagenin derivatives that were identified as main constituents of the hydroethanolic extract from the leaves. Keywords: Pterodon emarginatus Fabaceae Antinociceptive Di-C-glycosylflavones Di-CO-giycosylflavones Soyasaponins, Introduction The genus Pterodon (Fabaceae/Leguminosae) is widely distributed over the savannahs of central and southern Brazil. Pterodon emarginatus Vogel (synonyms Pterodon pubescens Benth. and Pterodon polygaliflorus Benth.), also known as [...]