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The physical properties of semi-insulating polycrystalline silicon (SIPOS) are investigated and SIPOS are found to be thin SiO(sub x) films deposited by low pressure chemical vapor deposition on suitable substrates. SIPOS has applications in the semiconductor and solar cell technology and the physical properties of the SIPOS depend on the oxygen context x. The physical properties of SIPOS is investigated using different methods such as nuclear reaction analysis, secondary ion mass spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and electrical conductivity measurements.

The interface between polycrystalline-silicon and crystalline silicon, which is important for the passivation of high-voltage device, is investigated by an infrared diagnostic method based on a modified attenuated total reflection configuration. The investigation shows that the interface consists of silicon oxides in the monolayer range with a thickness of 7 plus or minus 2 angstroms.

The study of the optical properties of semi-insulating polycrystalline silicon (SIPOS), in the spectral range from the infrared to the ultra-violet region, shows that both frequency-dependent conductivity and the total oscillator strength depend on the real defect structure consisting of Silicon grains embedded in the oxide matrix consisting of SiO2 and SiO and other suboxides. The refractive index and the absorption coefficient are evaluated as a function of the oxygen content and photon energy.

Byline: Priya. Priyadarshi, Bikram. Behera, Satyajeet. Misra Background and Aims: Different techniques of i-gel insertion have been described with variable success rates. This study aimed to assess the incidence of [...]

Transnasal humidified rapid insufflation ventilatory exchange (THRIVE) is a recent technique that delivers warm humidified high flow oxygen to patients, allowing for prolonged apneic oxygenation. A review of current literature was performed to determine the use of THRIVE in apneic patients undergoing surgery in a shared airway setting. An initial free hand search was done to identify keywords followed by a systematic search of major databases with no date or language restrictions. Inclusion criteria include all apneic patients who receive THRIVE for any operative procedure. Fifteen studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. There were ten case series, two case reports, two review articles and one randomized controlled trial. All of the studies discussed the use of THRIVE during laryngopharyngeal surgeries. The median apnea time reported ranged between 13 and 27 min. There were no significant complications reported as a result of using THRIVE. Most studies identified in this review were observational in nature involving laryngopharyngeal procedures. They have demonstrated THRIVE to be effective in providing apneic oxygenation during short procedures in adult patients. Further studies are required to determine the limitations of safe use in specific populations and when THRIVE is combined with diathermy or laser use., Author(s): Lucy Huang [sup.1] [sup.2], Nuwan Dharmawardana [sup.1] [sup.2], Adam Badenoch [sup.3], Eng H. Ooi [sup.1] [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.414925.f, 0000 0000 9685 0624, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and [...]

Byline: Sumit. Chowdhury, Rakesh. Kumar, Nirmal. Shanmugam, Rakesh. Kumar Sir, Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a benign disease of viral origin that spreads throughout the respiratory tract and is notorious [...]

Objective I-gel is a noncuff type of laryngeal airway mask. No horizontal line has yet been determined as an ideal position for pediatric sizes because of the variability in length of the oropharyngeal-laryngeal arch in children. We investigated whether there is a correlation between insertion length and patient body weight or height for the pediatric I-gel sizes from 1.5 to 2.5. Methods With parental informed consent, we planned to maintain the airway of 130 children aged from 7 months to 13 years by using the I-gel device under general anesthesia. The following two parameters were evaluated: (1) distance between the teeth and the connector wing; (2) insertion length (distance from the distal end of the gastric tube to the teeth). Size selection was determined on the basis of patients' body weight. We identified the relationship between each parameter and height or weight. Results Average insertion length became gradually longer with increasing height and weight. Spearman's R between insertion length and height or weight was 0.8. There was more correlation with height than with weight in pediatric size 2.5. Conclusion Results suggested that it is possible to draw an ideal line on the I-gel with sizes 1.5 and 2 only., Author(s): Yukako Abukawa[sup.1] , Koichi Hiroki[sup.1] [sup.2] , Hiroko Iwakiri[sup.1] , Tomoko Fukada[sup.1] , Makoto Ozaki[sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Tokyo Women's, Medical University, 8-1 [...]

Byline: Rakhi. Khemka, Sonal. Rastogi, Arunangshu. Chakraborty, Subir. Sinha Background and Aims: Use of ultrasound (US) during internal jugular vein (IJV) cannulation reduces the risk of associated complications in children [...]

Byline: Priyam. Saikia Surveys in medical research are useful means to accumulate information on and to understand attitudes to healthcare practices.[1] Recent surveys across the globe suggest that the pattern [...]

Purpose We compared the insertion performance of the pediatric size 1.5-3 i-gel airway device with that of the ProSeal laryngeal mask airway (PLMA) in anesthetized children in a prospective, randomized, controlled manner. Methods We included 134 children, aged 3 months to 15 years, scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia. They were randomly divided into the i-gel and the PLMA groups according to the airway device used. The primary outcome variable was oropharyngeal leak pressure. Other outcome variables were ease of insertion, required time for insertion, fiberoptic view, and first-attempt and overall success rates. Results There were no differences in the ease of insertion, insertion time, or leak pressure between the devices. Fiberoptic view was significantly better with the i-gel than with the PLMA (P = 0.002). The view was significantly better with the sizes 2, 2.5, and 3 i-gel than with the size 1.5 i-gel (P = 0.02, 0.004 and 0.002, respectively), and the view was significantly better with the sizes 2.5 and 3 PLMA than with the size 1.5 PLMA (P = 0.02 and 0.005, respectively). The first-attempt success rates were 94 and 97 % in the i-gel and the PLMA groups, respectively; the success rates including the second attempt were 100 % in both groups. No children developed side effects requiring treatment with either device. Conclusion Both the pediatric i-gel and the PLMA were successfully inserted in children. The fiberoptic view was better with the i-gel than with the PLMA. Keywords Airway * Device * Intubation * i-gel * ProSeal laryngeal mask airway * Pediatrics, Introduction The pediatric i-gel (Intersurgical, Wokingham, Berkshire, UK) is a new single-use, latex-free supraglottic airway device for children [1]. It is a smaller model of the i-gel device used in [...]

Purpose Insertion of a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) is occasionally difficult in children because of their anatomical features and variations. A new single-use supraglottic airway device, the i-gel airway, was recently introduced. The objective of this study was to show the initial experience of the i-gel airway device by the residents for pediatric patients. Methods With approval from the local ethics committee and parental informed consent, 70 children undergoing minor surgery in the supine position, ASA score I-II, were investigated. Exclusion included patients having thoracic, neurosurgical, spine, and otolaryngological procedures. Patients were divided into three groups: group 1 was airway size 1.5 for patients weighing 5-12 kg, group 2 was size 2 for 10-25 kg, and group 3 was size 2.5 for those weighing 25-35 kg. The following seven characteristics were evaluated: (1) ease of the i-gel and gastric tube insertion; (2) leak pressure; (3) tidal volume/body weight at leak pressure point; (4) fiberscope score; (5) insertion time; (6) hypoxia rate (laryngospasm); and (7) coughing and trace of bleeding. Results The overall insertion success rate and the success rate at first attempt were 99% and 94%, respectively. Gastric tube insertions were easy in all patients. The overall leak pressure was 23 ± 5 cm[H.sub.2]O. The tidal volume per body weight was 24 ± 10 ml/kg. A good view of the fiberscope was achieved in 79%. In group 1 (size 1.5), one failed insertion, two dislocations, and one dysphonia were observed. Hypoxia rate was 1%. There was no case with coughing and trace of bleeding. Conclusion These results show that the i-gel airway is a safe and effective device for use by residents who do not have experience with insertion of a pediatric LMA. However, using size 1.5, special caution should be taken to protect the infant airway, similar to what has been previously reported for other airway devices. Keywords i-gel * Airway device * Laryngeal mask * Pediatric general anesthesia, Introduction Since the early 1990s, pediatric anesthetic practice has been significantly advanced by using the laryngeal mask airway (LMA). Several smart devices have been developed. However, sometimes we are still [...]

Byline: R. Nirupa, Satinder. Gombar, Vanita. Ahuja, Preeti. Sharma Background and Aims: i-gel™ is a newer supraglottic airway device with a unique non-inflatable cuff. We aimed to compare i-gel™ with [...]

Byline: S. Bhaskar 'The greater the difficulty, the more glory in surmounting it. Skillful pilots gain their reputation from storms and tempests' - Epictetus (55 AD-135 AD) Airway management is [...]

Byline: A. Sahoo [AUTHOR:1] With profound grief, ISA Bihar and Jharkhand State Chapter informs the sad demise of Dr. Kapil Dev Prasad, retired Professor and Head of Department of Anaesthesiology, [...]