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A study is conducted to demonstrate room-temperature low-threshold-current lasing action from electrically driven wavelength-scale high-quality photonic crystal lasers with large spontaneous emission factors by solving the theoretical and technical constraints laid upon by the additional requirement of the current injection. Extremely small mode volume, low threshold current and large spontaneous emission factor are observed in the laser.

Optical loss and polarization characteristics of the photonic crystal stick waveguide resonator modes are investigated using both theory and experiment. Depending on the mode symmetry, linear polarizations parallel or perpendicular to waveguide are observed.

Room temperature optical pumping is used to characterize the square lattice single defect lasers fabricated in the InGaAsP air-bridge slab. The mode patterns, polarization and below-threshold spectra are measured to clarify the distinctive characteristics of each laser mode.