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Background: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent and ubiquitous chemicals associated with risk of adverse birth outcomes. Results of previous studies have been inconsistent. Associations between PFAS and birth outcomes may be affected by psychosocial stress. Objectives: We estimated risk of adverse birth outcomes in relation to prenatal PFAS concentrations and evaluate whether maternal stress modifies those relationships. METHODS: We included 3,339 participants from 11 prospective prenatal cohorts in the Environmental influences on the Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program to estimate the associations of five PFAS and birth outcomes. We stratified by perceived stress scale scores to examine effect modification and used Bayesian Weighted Sums to estimate mixtures of PFAS. Results: We observed reduced birth size with increased concentrations of all PFAS. For a 1-unit higher log- normalized exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), we observed lower birthweight-for-gestational-age z-scores of [beta] = -0.15 [95% confidence interval (CI): -0.27, -0.03], [beta] = -0.14 (95% CI: -0.28, -0.002), [beta] = -0.22 (95% CI: -0.23, -0.10), [beta] = -0.06 (95% CI: -0.18, 0.06), and [beta] = -0.25 (95% CI: -0.37, -0.14), respectively. We observed a lower odds ratio (OR) for large-for-gestational-age: ORpfna = 0.56 (95% CI: 0.38, 0.83), [OR.sub.PFDA] = 0.52 (95% CI: 0.35, 0.77). For a 1-unit increase in log-normalized concentration of summed PFAS, we observed a lower birthweight-for-gestational-age z- score [-0.28; 95% highest posterior density (HPD): -0.44, -0.14] and decreased odds of large-for-gestational-age (OR = 0.49; 95% HPD: 0.29, 0.82). Perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) explained the highest percentage (40%) of the summed effect in both models. Associations were not modified by maternal perceived stress. Discussion: Our large, multi-cohort study of PFAS and adverse birth outcomes found a negative association between prenatal PFAS and birthweight-for-gestational-age, and the associations were not different in groups with high vs. low perceived stress. This study can help inform policy to reduce exposures in the environment and humans. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10723, Introduction Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of synthetic chemicals used in nonstick and stain- and water-resistant consumer products, as well as in industrial processes. PFAS are persistent [...]

OBJECTIVES: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most frequently diagnosed neurobehavioral disorder of childhood, yet its etiology is not well understood. In this review we present evidence that environmental chemicals, [...]

OBJECTIVES: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most frequently diagnosed childhood neurobehavioral disorder. Much research has been done to identify genetic, environmental, and social risk factors for ADHD; however, we [...]

BACKGROUND: Developmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) or methylmercury (MeHg) can result in a variety of neurotoxic effects, including long-term auditory deficits. However, little is known about the effects of [...]

Consumption of sport-caught fish from the Great Lakes is a recognized source of human exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Understanding temporal changes in PCB body burden is crucial for evaluating [...]

In the last decade advances in the analytic methods for quantification of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have resulted in widespread availability of congener-specific analysis procedures, and large amounts of data on [...]

A large number of chemical pollutants including phthalates, alkylphenolic compounds, polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, organochlorine pesticides, bisphenol A, and metals including lead, mercury, and cadmium have the ability to [...]

Methodologies for establishing a polychlorinated biphenyl congener profile are presented, based on subjects who eat Great Lakes fish and those who do not. These included dual column capillary column gas chromatography of serum samples.

An association between in utero polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure and impaired childhood intellectual functioning has been reported, but the potential impact of PCB exposure during adulthood on intellectual functioning has [...]

In response to Brondum's comments we would like to reiterate that the main purpose of our review (Eubig et al. 2010) was to examine the parallels between cognitive domains affected [...]

As Scott Fields points out in his Focus article (Fields 2005), the Great Lakes are one of the most important water resources on Earth. Together the five lakes contain around [...]

In his letter critiquing our study of neuropsychologic functioning in older adults exposed to PCBs and DDE (1), Kaufman states that there were some serious flaws in the research design [...]

Blood samples from 285 4-year-old Michigan children were tested for concentrations of 11 environmental contaminants. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were found in half the children tested. (PCBs are used, among other places, in the oil surrounding electrical transformers). Polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs, used in some fire-fighting materials) were found in 13 to 21 percent of the children tested. The insecticide dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDT) was found in more than 70 percent. Mothers' milk was the principle source of these chemicals. At least one highly toxic chemical related to PCB, pentachlorobiphenyl, was found. These results demonstrate the multigenerational impact of exposure to persistent environmental contaminants of this type.