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Computing the amounts of light arriving from different directions enables a diffusely reflecting surface to play the part of a mirror in a periscope--that is, perform non-line-of-sight imaging around an obstruction. Because computational periscopy has so far depended on light-travel distances being proportional to the times of flight, it has mostly been performed with expensive, specialized ultrafast optical systems.sup.1-12. Here we introduce a two-dimensional computational periscopy technique that requires only a single photograph captured with an ordinary digital camera. Our technique recovers the position of an opaque object and the scene behind (but not completely obscured by) the object, when both the object and scene are outside the line of sight of the camera, without requiring controlled or time-varying illumination. Such recovery is based on the visible penumbra of the opaque object having a linear dependence on the hidden scene that can be modelled through ray optics. Non-line-of-sight imaging using inexpensive, ubiquitous equipment may have considerable value in monitoring hazardous environments, navigation and detecting hidden adversaries.A faint penumbra in a photograph of a diffuse surface enables recovery of the position of the object creating the penumbra and an image of the scene behind it., Author(s): Charles Saunders [sup.1] , John Murray-Bruce [sup.1] , Vivek K Goyal [sup.1] Author Affiliations:(1) Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, USAMain The ability to accurately image [...]

Fungi in the genus Malassezia are ubiquitous skin residents of humans and other warm-blooded animals. Malassezia are involved in disorders including dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis, which together affect >50% of humans. Despite the importance of Malassezia in common skin diseases, remarkably little is known at the molecular level. We describe the genome, secretory proteome, and expression of selected genes of Malassezia globosa. Further, we report a comparative survey of the genome and secretory proteome of Malassezia restricta, a close relative implicated in similar skin disorders. Adaptation to the skin environment and associated pathogenicity may be due to unique metabolic limitations and capabilities. For example, the lipid dependence of M. globosa can be explained by the apparent absence of a fatty acid synthase gene. The inability to synthesize fatty acids may be complemented by the presence of multiple secreted lipases to aid in harvesting host lipids. In addition, an abundance of genes encoding secreted hydrolases (e.g., lipases, phospholipases, aspartyl proteases, and acid sphingomyelinases) was found in the M, globosa genome. In contrast, the phylogenetically closely related plant pathogen Ustilago maydis encodes a different arsenal of extracellular hydrolases with more copies of glycosyl hydrolase genes. M. globosa shares a similar arsenal of extracellular hydrolases with the phylogenetically distant human pathogen, Candida albicans, which occupies a similar niche, indicating the importance of host-specific adaptation. The M. globosa genome sequence also revealed the presence of mating-type genes, providing an indication that Malassezia may be capable of sex. fungal genomics | fungal proteomics | seborrheic dermatitis | skin | fungal mating

Byline: Nir Menachemi, PhD, MPH (Center on Patient Safety, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahasse, nir.menachemi@med.fsu.edu); Askar Chukmaitov, MD, PhD (Division of Health Affairs Florida State University College of [...]

A study was conducted on the high resolution structures of transition state complexes between enzymes and substrates. The experiment proposes the use of interscaffolding additivity as a criterion to determine which of at least two different expectations for the conformation of the Lys+ side chain in the transition state complex of a substrate is correct. The criterion was applied and showed that kcat/KM for the substrate is additive to the OMTKY3 system and strongly non-additive to the BPTI system.

The association of two standard mechanism protein inhibitor of serine proteinases eglin c and turkey ovomucoid third domain (OMTKY3), with their cognate enzymes was studied in terms of the nature of their primary specificity residue (P1). The Ka values obtained from testing both inhibitors with six serine proteinases indicated that the changes at P1 are highly additive, save the P1 Pro. This could be due to the disulfide bridges at P3 of OMTKY3 which makes it more difficult to deform than the eglin c main chain.

High-dose epinephrine may be more effective than low-dose epinephrine for the initial treatment of patients with cardiac arrest outside the hospital. Among 816 patients with cardiac arrest who were treated by paramedics, 286 were treated with high-dose epinephrine (HDE), 260 were treated with standard-dose epinephrine (SDE) and 270 were treated with high-dose norepinephrine bitartrate (NE). Thirty-seven patients (13%) treated with HDE regained a pulse outside the hospital compared with twenty-two patients (8%) treated with SDE. Fifty patients (18%) in the NDE group were admitted to the hospital, compared with 27 patients (10%) in the SDE group. The number of patients treated with NE who regained a pulse outside the hospital and who were admitted to the hospital was similar to the number treated with HDE. Survival was not significantly higher among patients treated with HDE than among patients in the other two treatment groups.

ABSTRACT. We monitored breeding bird populations in a woodland plot in Hamilton County, OH. By comparing historical data (1991-1998) with 2003 populations, we observed a decrease in the populations of [...]

Dear Editor, After recently reviewing back issues of The International Journal of Humanities and Peace, I feel compelled to write this letter of praise and appreciation for those who have [...]