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High rates of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) comorbidity have been described in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study searched for predictors at toddlerhood of the severity of ADHD symptoms at adolescence. The study included 65 participants, (mean age = 13:8 year), diagnosed with ASD at toddlerhood. Participants underwent a comprehensive assessment of cognitive ability, adaptive skills and autism severity at toddlerhood and adolescence. More severe restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRB) in toddlerhood predicted the severity of Inattention symptoms. In addition, more severe RRB and lower adaptive skills in the toddler years significantly predicted the severity of Hyperactivity/Impulsivity symptoms. Adolescents with elevated ADHD symptoms diagnosed at toddlerhood with ASD showed lower cognitive and adaptive skills and more severe autism symptoms., Author(s): Ditza A. Zachor [sup.1] , Esther Ben-Itzchak [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (Aff1) grid.12136.37, 0000 0004 1937 0546, Department of Pediatrics, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, The Autism Center/ALUT, Assaf Harofeh Medical [...]

Byline: Annio. Posar, Paola. Visconti We describe a girl with syndromic autism spectrum disorder (ASD), who at the end of the medical workup proved affected by a succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase [...]

We investigated the longitudinal relationship between socio-economic disadvantage (SED) and trajectories of emotional and conduct problems among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who had comorbid attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; ASD + ADHD) or not (ASD - ADHD). The sample was 209 children with ASD who took part in the UK's Millennium Cohort Study. Trajectories of problems across ages 3, 5 and 7 years were analyzed using growth curve models. The ASD - ADHD group decreased in conduct problems over time but the ASD + ADHD group continued on a high trajectory. Although SED was not a risk factor for ASD + ADHD, it was associated with elevated emotional problems among children with ASD + ADHD. This effect of SED on emotional problems was not attenuated by parenting or peer problems. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10803-015-2456-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users., Author(s): Eirini Flouri[sup.1] , Emily Midouhas[sup.1] , Tony Charman[sup.2] , Zahra Sarmadi[sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, 25 Woburn [...]

I. Early Origins of Adult Disease: Hypotheses and Controversies A. Origins of the hypothesis B. The thrifty phenotype hypothesis, programming, and developmental plasticity II. Cardiovascular Disease and Hypertension A. Epidemiological [...]

Objective:: To examine the associations of dietary sodium and potassium, as reflected by the urinary sodium/potassium excretion, and calcium intake with blood pressure and the prevalence of hypertension among older Chinese vegetarians in Hong Kong. Design:: Cross-sectional study. Setting:: Research clinic in a teaching hospital in Hong Kong. Subjects:: A total of 111 ambulatory vegetarians over the age of 55 were recruited from members of religious organizations or old age hostels. Main outcome measures:: Hypertension was defined as supine blood pressure [greater than] 140/90 mmHg or a history of hypertension. Dietary sodium, potassium and calcium intakes were assessed by 24[??]h recall method or fasting urinary sodium or potassium/creatinine ratios. Results:: Seventy-one subjects (64%) were found to have hypertension. Compared with normotensive subjects, hypertensive subjects had lower calcium intake (411[plus or minus]s.d. 324 vs 589[plus or minus]428[??]mg, P=0.04), but higher urinary sodium/creatinine ratio (32.6[plus or minus]19.3 vs 21.0[plus or minus]12.4, P=0.00) and sodium/potassium ratio (4.7[plus or minus]2.8 vs 3.4[plus or minus]2.3, P=0.02). Among 88 subjects not taking diuretics or antihypertensive drugs, systolic blood pressure was related to calcium intake (r=-0.40), urinary sodium/creatinine ratio (r=0.39), urinary sodium/potassium ratio (r=0.30) and age (r=0.23). Diastolic blood pressure was related to urinary sodium/creatinine (r=0.29). Twenty-three subjects with high urinary sodium/potassium and low calcium intake and 16 subjects with low urinary sodium/potassium ratio and high calcium intake differed markedly with respect to systolic blood pressure (159[plus or minus]26 vs 130[plus or minus]15[??]mmHg) and prevalence of hypertension (78% vs 25%). Conclusion:: Older Chinese vegetarians are predisposed to hypertension because of their sodium-rich but calcium-deficient diets. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2003) 57, 299-304. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601553 Keywords: hypertension, vegetarianism, calcium, sodium, diet, aged, Author(s): T C Y Kwok [1]; T Y K Chan [1]; J Woo [1] Introduction Vegetarians have lower blood pressure than non-vegetarians after adjustments for the effects of age, sex [...]