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Primary care (PC) is a unique clinical specialty and research discipline with its own perspectives and methods. Research in this field uses varied research methods and study designs to investigate myriad topics. The diversity of PC presents challenges for reporting, and despite the proliferation of reporting guidelines, none focuses specifically on the needs of PC. The Consensus Reporting Items for Studies in Primary Care (CRISP) Checklist guides reporting of PC research to include the information needed by the diverse PC community, including practitioners, patients, and communities. CRISP complements current guidelines to enhance the reporting, dissemination, and application of PC research findings and results. Prior CRISP studies documented opportunities to improve research reporting in this field. Our surveys of the international, interdisciplinary, and interprofessional PC community identified essential items to include in PC research reports. A 2-round Delphi study identified a consensus list of items considered necessary. The CRISP Checklist contains 24 items that describe the research team, patients, study participants, health conditions, clinical encounters, care teams, interventions, study measures, settings of care, and implementation of findings/results in PC. Not every item applies to every study design or topic. The CRISP guidelines inform the design and reporting of (1) studies done by PC researchers, (2) studies done by other investigators in PC populations and settings, and (3) studies intended for application in PC practice. Improved reporting of the context of the clinical services and the process of research is critical to interpreting study findings/results and applying them to diverse populations and varied settings in PC. Key words: guidelines; research report; checklist; primary care; research; consensus; stakeholder participation; Delphi studies; research impact; research design; surveys and questionnaires; authors; editors; reviewers; article; publishing; journals, INTRODUCTION Researchers, journals, and research users across many fields recognize the need to improve research reporting (1,2) and have developed research reporting guidelines to assist researchers. Many guidelines have been [...]

The Photographer as Autobiographer Arnaud Schmitt Palgrave Macmillan, 2022, 294 pp. ISBN 9783031088544, $109.99 hardcover. Photographs drive us crazy--or so I heard many years ago from Joel Snyder, an eminent [...]

Equivalence-based instruction (EBI) involves the teaching of socially relevant material (e.g., academic material) with stimulus equivalence procedures. In the research literature, training and testing of equivalence classes has been almost exclusively conducted on an individual basis. To extend the literature, the present study compared the effects of using EBI with an interdependent group contingency, individualized EBI (no group contingency), and a PowerPoint lecture on class formation with college students. The four equivalence classes taught consisted of information related to positive and negative reinforcement and punishment procedures. The members of each class were the name, definition, an example of the contingency, and the corresponding contingency table diagram. For the two EBI groups, a cloud-based student response system (SRS) application involving personal cell phones was used. To compare the effects of the different teaching protocols, three pretests and posttests were administered: (1) written fill-in, (2) written multiple-choice, and (3) card sorting. Results showed increased class-consistent responding across all three groups following training. However, written multiple-choice tests performances for the two EBI groups were significantly higher than for the lecture group, and the group-contingency EBI was significantly more effective for the fill-in written test than was lecture. Results also maintained at a 1-week follow-up. These results suggest that EBI can be effectively and efficiently implemented in more naturalistic settings, such as a classroom, while using free web-based technology. Keywords classroom instruction * group contingency * match to sample * stimulus equivalence * student response system, Stimulus equivalence refers to the establishment of stimulus-stimulus relations among a set of three or more physically disparate stimuli (Sidman & Tailby, 1982). The conditional discriminations required for the formation [...]

Staff training is an important line of research to ensure that clinicians in the field of applied behavior analysis provide quality services. One approach to providing training involves the use of asynchronous training materials in which the trainer and trainee do not need to be physically present at the same time. This allows for training despite limited numbers of trainers or geographic restrictions. The purpose of this study was to train participants to create equivalence-based instruction (EBI) materials in Qualtrics, a commercial survey software package. In the first phase of the study, participants experienced a training package consisting of a video model and task analysis that described how to create EBI materials. Phase 2, evaluated whether the EBI materials created in Phase 1 led to equivalence-based responding. Results indicated that the training was effective for training staff and that staff found the training socially acceptable. Results also demonstrated that the EBI materials resulted in the learning of the trained and derived relations. Keywords Equivalence-based instruction * Staff training * Task analysis * Video modeling, Staff trainers in the field of applied behavior analysis can choose from a wide variety of training procedures when teaching skills to staff. When the training procedure requires that the [...]

: Objective: To analyse local government (LG) policies concerned with creating a healthy, sustainable and equitable food system. Methods: All relevant policies on LG websites were identified and analysed against a framework of 34 recommendations for LG action on food system issues. Results: A total of 13 of 207 (New South Wales 128, Victoria 79) LGs had dedicated food system policies. Most actions on food system issues were in general (non‐food specific) policies. Most LGs acted on food safety, sustainable local food production, food waste, drinking water access and food system‐related education. Few used economic measures to support the consumption of healthier foods, restricted unhealthy food advertising, developed and implemented dietary guidelines in LG‐managed settings or influenced the opening of unhealthy/healthy retail food outlets. Conclusions: LGs undertook a range of actions relevant to creating a healthy, sustainable and equitable food system. Strategic opportunities for LGs include regulating the sale and marketing of unhealthy food and ensuring policy coherence. Implications for public health: LGs can be supported to act further on food system issues, including through ‘joined‐up’ state and federal policies. Further research should address how relevant LG policies can be developed, implemented and monitored effectively to address the complex challenges created by contemporary food systems., The food system can be defined as “[t]he web of actors, processes and interactions involved in growing, processing, distributing, consuming and disposing of foods…”.[sup.1(p3)] Sustainable food systems are those that [...]

Implementation of effective cross-sectoral nutrition policies remains a challenge worldwide. By reviewing reports from World Health Organization meetings and consultations - convened for policy-makers representing Member States of the Western Pacific Region--we provide an insight into how national policy-makers and external actors can support different dimensions of nutrition policy implementation. Key insights of policy-makers attending food and nutrition-centred meetings include that country-level implementation of nutrition policy relies on strong policy design, organizational planning and governance mechanisms that promote collective responsibility across multiple sectors. Policy-makers responsible for implementing nutrition policies face major challenges resulting from limited capacity, both within and external to government, particularly in relation to monitoring and enforcement activities. Successful implementation of nutrition policy measures will require greater political will to provide the requisite resources and institutional structures to ensure sustained policy effectiveness. Nongovernmental partners, including international agencies and researchers, have an opportunity to support policy implementation by providing technical support to Member States to frame action on nutrition in a more compelling way. They can also help policy-makers to build the organizational and structural capacity to coordinate cross-sectoral policy. Improved policy design, planning and governance and strategic capacity-building, supported by external partners, can strengthen the sustained implementation of cross-sectoral nutrition policy and improve nutrition outcomes. Le deploiement de mesures nutritionnelles intersectorielles efficaces reste un defi a travers le monde. En examinant des rapports de reunions et consultations convoquees par Organisation mondiale de la Sante (OMS) pour les representants des Etats Membres de la Region du Pacifique occidental, nous analysons la maniere dont les responsables politiques nationaux et les acteurs externes peuvent y contribuer a differents niveaux. Parmi les principaux enseignements tires des responsables ayant participe a des reunions sur l'alimentation et la nutrition, citons la necessite d'elaborer une politique solide pour appliquer des mesures nutritionnelles a l'echelle nationale, la planification organisationnelle et les mecanismes de gouvernance qui font appel a la responsabilite collective dans de multiples secteurs. Les legislateurs charges d'appliquer ces mesures nutritionnelles sont confrontes a des defis majeurs car ils disposent de capacites limitees, tant au sein du gouvernement qu'en dehors, en particulier lorsqu'il s'agit d'activites de surveillance et d'execution. Pour que la mise en reuvre de telles mesures soit couronnee de succes, il faut consolider la volonte politique afin de fournir les ressources et les structures institutionnelles requises pour garantir une efficacite durable. Les partenaires non gouvernementaux, notamment les chercheurs et les organismes internationaux, peuvent soutenir cette mise en reuvre en apportant une assistance technique aux Etats Membres, dans le but d'encadrer les mesures nutritionnelles de facon plus convaincante. Ils peuvent egalement aider les legislateurs a developper les capacites structurelles et organisationnelles leur permettant de coordonner les politiques intersectorielles. Ameliorer la gouvernance, la planification, l'elaboration de politiques et la creation de capacites strategiques avec le concours de partenaires externes peut renforcer l'application a long terme de politiques nutritionnelles intersectorielles et generer de meilleurs resultats en matiere de nutrition. La aplicacion de politicas intersectoriales de nutricion efectivas sigue siendo un desafio a nivel mundial. Mediante la revision de los informes de las reuniones y consultas de la Organizacion Mundial de la Salud (OMS), dirigidas a los responsables de formular politicas que representan a los Estados miembros de la region del Pacifico Occidental, se presenta una reflexion sobre como los responsables de formular las politicas nacionales y los agentes externos pueden apoyar las diferentes dimensiones de la aplicacion de las politicas de nutricion. Entre los principales puntos de vista de los responsables de formular politicas que asistieron a las reuniones sobre alimentacion y nutricion figura la idea de que la aplicacion de las politicas de nutricion a nivel nacional depende de un diseno solido de las politicas, de la planificacion organizativa y de los mecanismos de gobernanza que promueven la responsabilidad colectiva en multiples sectores. Las autoridades responsables de aplicar las politicas de nutricion se enfrentan a importantes retos derivados de la limitada capacidad, tanto dentro como fuera del gobierno, sobre todo en relacion con las actividades de seguimiento y cumplimiento. El exito de la aplicacion de las medidas politicas sobre nutricion requerira una mayor voluntad politica para suministrar los recursos necesarios y las estructuras institucionales que garanticen la efectividad sostenida de las politicas. Los asociados no gubernamentales, incluidos los organismos internacionales y los investigadores, tienen la oportunidad de apoyar la aplicacion de las politicas al proporcionar apoyo tecnico a los Estados miembros para estructurar las medidas sobre nutricion de manera mas convincente. Tambien pueden ayudar a los responsables de formular politicas a crear la capacidad organizativa y estructural necesaria para coordinar las politicas intersectoriales. La mejora del diseno, la planificacion y la gobernanza de las politicas, asi como la creacion de capacidades estrategicas, con el apoyo de asociados externos, pueden reforzar la aplicacion sostenida de las politicas intersectoriales de nutricion para mejorar sus resultados. [phrase omitted], Introduction Since 2015, undernourishment as well as the prevalence of overweight and obesity have increased in many countries. (1) The burden of malnutrition is a global health priority and Member [...]

Public health and safety concerns around the SARS-CoV-2 novel coronavirus and the COVID-19 pandemic have greatly changed human behaviour. Such shifts in behaviours, including travel patterns, consumerism, and energy use, are variously impacting biodiversity during the human-dominated geological epoch known as the Anthropocene. Indeed, the dramatic reduction in human mobility and activity has been termed the 'Anthropause'. COVID-19 has highlighted the current environmental and biodiversity crisis and has provided an opportunity to redefine our relationship with nature. Here we share 10 considerations for conservation policy makers to support and rethink the development of impactful and effective policies in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. There are opportunities to leverage societal changes as a result of COVID-19, focus on the need for collaboration and engagement, and address lessons learned through the development of policies (including those related to public health) during the pandemic. The pandemic has had devastating impacts on humanity that should not be understated, but it is also a warning that we need to redefine our relationship with nature and restore biodiversity. The considerations presented here will support the development of robust, evidence-based, and transformative policies for biodiversity conservation in a post-COVID-19 world. Key words: COVID-19, pandemic, conservation policy, biodiversity, transitions, Anthropause. Les preoccupations de sante et de securite publiques liees au nouveau coronavirus SRAS-CoV-2 et a la pandemie de COVID-19 ont considerablement modifie le comportement humain. De tels changements de comportement, notamment les modes de deplacement, la consommation et l'utilisation de l'energie, ont des repercussions diverses sur la biodiversite au cours de l'epoque geologique dominee par l'humain, connue sous le nom d'anthropocene. En effet, la reduction spectaculaire de la mobilite et de l'activite humaines a ete appelee << anthropause >>. La COVID-19 a mis en lumiere la crise actuelle de l'environnement et de la biodiversite et a fourni l'occasion de redefinir notre relation avec la nature. Les auteurs partagent ici 10 considerations a l'intention des decideurs en matiere de conservation, afin de soutenir et de repenser l'elaboration de politiques percutantes et efficaces a la lumiere de la pandemie de COVID-19. II est possible de tirer parti des changements societaux resultant de la pandemie de COVID-19, de mettre l'accent sur la necessite de la collaboration et de l'engagement, et de tenir compte des lecons tirees de 1'elaboration des politiques (y compris celles liees a la sante publique) pendant la pandemie. La pandemie a eu des effets devastateurs sur l'humanite qu'il ne faut pas sous-estimer, mais elle constitue aussi un avertissement que nous devons redefinir notre relation avec la nature et restaurer la biodiversite. Les considerations presentees ici soutiendront le developpement de politiques solides, fondees sur des preuves et transformatrices pour la conservation de la biodiversite dans un monde post-COVID-19. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: COVID-19, pandemie, politique de conservation, biodiversite, transitions, anthropause., Introduction The SARS-CoV-2 novel coronavirus (herein called COVID-19 recognizing that this is the resultant disease) pandemic has had an incredibly heavy human toll (from loss of life (Woolf et al. [...]

Obesity, which increases individuals' risk for a variety of health problems and is associated with increased health- care expenses, is considered a public health concern due to the rapidly increasing rates of people who are considered obese (World Health Organization [WHO], 2018). One potential method for decreasing rates of obesity is to teach people how to more accurately estimate portion sizes to decrease the amount of calories they consume. Previous researchers successfully taught participants to accurately estimate portion sizes through equivalence-based instruction. The purpose of the present study was to teach healthy adults to estimate portion sizes using nonfood items and to assess generalization of the skill across a variety of vessels not associated with training (a small plate, bowl, and plastic bag). All participants demonstrated improved accuracy of portion size estimations following training with both the training vessel and the generalization vessels. Keywords Equivalence-based instruction * Obesity * Portion-size estimation * Portion-size measurement aids * Stimulus equivalence, Obesity is a public health concern that is associated with increased medical expenses and health risks (e.g., cardiovascular diseases, diabetes; WHO, 2018), becoming increasingly common, and is caused by an [...]

Over 3,000 children under 10 years old died in 2017 as a result of unintentional injuries (e.g. suffocation, drowning, firearm discharge, burns, and accidental poisonings). Some of these deaths likely occurred when children came across a dangerous item while unsupervised. In the current study two typically developing 4-year-olds were taught to engage in a safety response in the presence of a variety of dangerous stimuli. Behavioral skills training plus in-situ training was used to teach a three- step response in the presence of one dangerous stimulus. Following mastery of this response, equivalence-based instruction was used to create classes of dangerous (i.e., medicine bottle, a lighter, and a handgun) and nondangerous (i.e., container, a flash drive, and a hair dryer) stimuli. Results demonstrated that the addition of equivalence-based instruction to behavioral skills training plus in-situ training was effective at training a safety response across multiple dangerous stimuli. Keywords Behavioral skills training * Equivalence-based instruction * In-situ training * Transfer of function * Safety skills, Over 3,000 children under 10 years old in the United States died in 2017 as a result of unintentional injuries (Centers for Disease Control [CDC], 2017). Specific unintentional injury causes [...]

Thousands of children die each year as a result of unintentional injuries. Some of these deaths may be preventable. Given that there are different types of safety responses, a comprehensive review of the literature would provide information on important deficits and avenues for future research. The purpose of the present review was to evaluate the extant literature on procedures for teaching safety responses and provide suggestions and considerations for future research. Our review of the literature revealed that although many safety categories are well represented in the current literature, others still warrant investigation. Furthermore, there is a call for future researchers to provide a more systematic description of experimental procedures and participants in their papers to allow for future replications. Future research would also benefit from further evaluations into specific procedural modifications that will lead to better generalization of safety responses to naturalistic settings and long-term maintenance outcomes., Author(s): Antonia R. Giannakakos [sup.1] , Jason C. Vladescu [sup.2] , April N. Kisamore [sup.3] , Kenneth F. Reeve [sup.2] , Daniel M. Fienup [sup.4] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.419401.9, 0000 [...]

In equivalence classes, stimulus relatedness is an inverse function of the nodal number for the same type of derived relation. Also, transitive relations are preferred to equivalence relations when the nodal number is held constant. The current study evaluated the combined effects of nodal number and relational type on relatedness of stimuli within equivalence classes. After eight college students formed two 7-node, 9-member equivalence classes, participants were presented with trials during within-class relational preference tests that pitted 1-node equivalence relations against 1- to 5-node transitive relations. Consistent with prior research, 1node transitive relations were always preferred to 1-node equivalence relations. For the six participants who formed classes rapidly, preference for the 1-node equivalence relation increased as a direct function of increases in the number of nodes in the competing transitive relation. In addition, the 1-node equivalence relation was equally preferred to an approximately 2-node transitive relation. Because equivalence classes remained intact after preference testing, performances documented the coexistence of equal and differential relatedness of class members. Two participants formed the classes on a delayed basis and produced inverted U-shaped preference functions instead of monotonic preference functions. Because the preference functions differed in terms of speed of emergence, the same nominal equivalence classes were not functionally equivalent to each other with regard to stimulus relatedness. Keywords Nodal distance * Relational type * Stimulus equivalence * Within-class preference tests * Equal and differential relatedness * Joint control, When N stimuli in a set are perceptually disparate and are also unrelated to each other, training N-1 stimulus-stimulus relations can result in the emergence of all untrained relations in [...]

David Reeve In 'The Paradox of Free Will' (SKEPTIC Vol. 26, No. 3) Dennis Middlebrooks mentions articles concerning free will that have appeared in various magazines. I wrote an article [...]

Climate change yields both challenges and opportunities. In both cases, costly adaptations and transformations are necessary and desirable, and these must be based on realistic and relevant climate information. However, [...]

Teaching individuals a safety response when they encounter a firearm may be one way to prevent accidental injuries or death. Previous researchers have used behavioral skills training (BST) with and without in situ training to teach individuals with and without disabilities to engage in a safety response in the presence of a firearm. However, few studies have arranged BST to ensure the safety response occurred in response to a representative sample of all relevant stimulus features for which a response should be evoked. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the extent to which BST conducted in a single context established stimulus control that would evoke the safety response across a range of contexts under which young children could encounter a dangerous stimulus in a room in their house. All participants demonstrated a discriminated safety response following BST. Further, safety responses generalized across all contexts not associated with training for all participants., Author(s): Nicole Lee [sup.1] , Jason C. Vladescu [sup.1] , Kenneth F. Reeve [sup.1] , Kathryn M. Peterson [sup.2] , Antonia R. Giannakakos [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (Aff1) 0000 0004 0383 [...]

Medication nonadherence is a significant clinical problem among individuals taking statins. Poor adherence is often attributable to several reasons, yet most adherence interventions target a single reason. Baseline data were examined from a randomized clinical trial of 236 patients with hyperlipidemia. A latent class analysis was then performed on patients reporting any nonadherence (n = 109). A 4-class solution provided the most optimal fit and differentiation of classes. Class 1 (N = 59, 54%) included patients who reported occasionally forgetting. Class 2 (N = 16, 14%) represented patients who were concerned about side effects. Class 3 (N = 17, 16%) represented patients who reported out-of-routine life events as contributing to nonadherence. Class 4 (N = 17, 16%) represented patients who endorsed a large number reasons indiscriminately. Class membership was almost uniformly unrelated to any patient demographic factors or treatment arm. Each cluster of reasons defining these patients may be best addressed through different intervention strategies., Author(s): Dan V. Blalock [sup.1] [sup.2] , Hayden B. Bosworth [sup.1] [sup.2] [sup.3] [sup.4] , Bryce B. Reeve [sup.3] , Corrine I. Voils [sup.5] [sup.6] Author Affiliations: (Aff1) Center for [...]

Stimulus equivalence paradigms are successful interventions for teaching individuals a variety of skills. In particular, researchers have taught individuals how to more accurately estimate portion sizes of foods using equivalence-based instruction (EBI). This area of research lacks information on the effects of using nonfood items during EBI. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate whether nonfood items could be used during training to increase portion-size estimation accuracy. Participants were three adult females. Preferred and nonpreferred foods were used to assess generalization of portion-size estimation accuracy. Foods were identified through an assessment and varied per participant. Two nonfood items were used for training and one novel nonfood item was to assess for generalization. Three classes of stimuli were taught using EBI (i.e., 1/4 cup, 1/2 cup, and 1 cup). The members of each class were represented by portion-size measurement aids, amounts on paper plates, and measuring cups. All participants more accurately estimated each portion size of nonfood items after training sessions. Accurate estimation also generalized to preferred and nonpreferred foods, as well as a novel nonfood item, for all participants.Keywords Equivalence-based instruction * Food preference * Portion-size estimation * Stimulus equivalence, The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2016) report that more than one-third of adults in the United States are obese. Obesity is a public health concern because it [...]

In our climate research project in Bangladesh, we work closely with local rural communities. The communities have designed their own citizen science projects in close dialogue with the project's climate [...]

The pouched lamprey (Geotria australis), one of four Southern Hemisphere lamprey species, is New Zealand's only freshwater representative of the agnathans. In contrast to that of Northern Hemisphere lampreys, the reproductive ecology of Southern Hemisphere lampreys is poorly understood, with no documented nesting sites or spawning behaviours. In the present study, we utilized passive integrated transponder tags to track migratory adult G. australis to locate spawning sites. Across 2 years, six cryptic nesting sites were discovered, each containing eggs and a single male and female lamprey. The postspawning pairs were all located underneath large boulders, with the eggs forming a coagulated cluster that adhered to the underside of the boulder. Both the male and female lamprey survived spawning for over 105 days. The observed spawning nests highlight a substantial divergence in the reproductive behaviour between Northern and Southern Hemisphere lampreys, as the present observations of G. australis are the first that support clustered cryptic egg deposition and an extended time to mortality postspawning. This study offers the first insights to the long-standing mystery of Southern Hemisphere lamprey reproduction. La lamproie a poche (Geotria australis), une des quatre especes de lamproies de l'hemisphere sud, est le seul agnathe d'eau douce de Nouvelle-Zelande. Contrairement a celle des lamproies de l'hemisphere nord, l'ecologie de la reproduction des lamproies de l'hemisphere sud demeure mal comprise, aucun lieu de frai ou comportement de frai n'ayant ete documente. Nous avons utilise des etiquettes a transpondeur passif integre pour suivre des G. australis adultes afin de localiser leurs lieux de frai. Sur une periode de 2 ans, six lieux de frai cryptiques ont ete decouverts, chacun contenant des reufs et un seul male et une seule femelle. Les paires ayant fraye ont toutes ete trouvees sous de gros blocs rocheux, les reufs formant une masse coagulee adherant a la face inferieure du bloc. Les lamproies males et femelles survivaient toutes plus de 105 jours apres le frai. Les nids de frai observes font ressortir une divergence considerable entre les comportements de reproduction des lamproies des hemispheres nord et sud, les observations presentees de G. australis etant les premieres qui indiquent un comportement de ponte cryptique de masses d'reufs et un important laps de temps avant la mort suivant le frai. L'etude est la premiere a lever le voile sur le mystere persistant qu'est la reproduction des lamproies de l'hemisphere sud. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction Lampreys can be regarded as 'living fossils' with a lineage that diverged from a common ancestor with jawed vertebrates some 500 million years ago (Janvier 2007). Extant lampreys have [...]

Purpose In 2009 the Kenyan Government introduced health system reforms to address persistently high maternal and newborn mortality including deployment of skilled birth attendants (SBAs) to health facilities in remote areas, and proscription of births attended by traditional birth attendants (TBAs). Despite these initiatives, uptake of SBA services remains low and inequitably distributed. This paper describes the development of an SBA/TBA collaborative model of maternal health care for pastoralist communities in Laikipia and Samburu. Description A range of approaches were used to generate a comprehensive understanding of the maternal and child health issues affecting these pastoralist communities including community and government consultations, creation of a booklet and film recognising the contributions of both TBAs and SBAs that formed the basis of subsequent discussions, and mixed methods research projects. Based on the knowledge and understanding collectively generated by these approaches we developed an evidence-based, locally acceptable and feasible model for SBA/TBA collaborative care of women during pregnancy and childbirth. Assessment The proposed collaborative care model includes: antenatal and post-natal care delivered by both SBAs and TBAs; TBAs as birth companions who support women and SBAs; training TBAs in recognition of birth complications, nutrition during pregnancy and following birth, referral processes, and family planning; training SBAs in respectful maternity care; and affordable, feasible redesign of health facility infrastructure and services so they better meet the identified needs of pastoralist women and their families. Conclusion The transition from births predominantly attended by TBAs to births attended by SBAs is likely to be a gradual one, and an interim SBA/TBA collaborative model of care has the potential to maximise the safety of pastoralist women and babies during the transition phase, and may even accelerate the transition itself., Author(s): Michelle Kermode [sup.1] , Alison Morgan [sup.1] , Josephat Nyagero [sup.2] , Florence Nderitu [sup.3] , Tanya Caulfield [sup.1] , Matthew Reeve [sup.1] , John Nduba [sup.2] Author Affiliations: [...]

Investigate how novice drivers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) differ from experienced drivers and whether virtual reality driving simulation training (VRDST) improves ASD driving performance. 51 novice ASD drivers (mean age 17.96 years, 78% male) were randomized to routine training (RT) or one of three types of VRDST (8-12 sessions). All participants followed DMV behind-the-wheel training guidelines for earning a driver's license. Participants were assessed pre- and post-training for driving-specific executive function (EF) abilities and tactical driving skills. ASD drivers showed worse baseline EF and driving skills than experienced drivers. At post-assessment, VRDST significantly improved driving and EF performance over RT. This study demonstrated feasibility and potential efficacy of VRDST for novice ASD drivers., Author(s): Daniel J. Cox [sup.1] , Timothy Brown [sup.2] , Veerle Ross [sup.3] , Matthew Moncrief [sup.1] , Rose Schmitt [sup.2] , Gary Gaffney [sup.2] , Ron Reeve [sup.1] Author [...]

Eva Hesse. Diaries. Edited by Barry Rosen with assistance from Tamara Bloomberg, Yale UP in association with Hauser & Wirth, 2016, 904 pp. ISBN 978-0300185508, $25.95. When a brain tumor [...]

Stimulus equivalence-based instruction (EBI) was used to teach four, 4-member classes representing functions of behavior to ten graduate students. The classes represented behavior maintained by attention (Class 1), escape (Class 2), access to tangibles (Class 3), and automatic reinforcement (Class 4). Stimuli within each class consisted of a single textual label, and multiple exemplars of textual descriptions, graphical representations, and clinical vignettes. EBI was conducted using custom computer software in a match-to-sample (MTS) format. A pretest-train-posttest design conducted during a single session evaluated performances on computer MTS, written multiple-choice, and oral tests. Scores improved from pretests to posttests on all three tests for all students following EBI. In addition, class-consistent performances maintained 2 weeks after posttests were conducted. These results demonstrated that EBI can be used to effectively teach the functions of behavior and that a MTS teaching protocol administered on a computer can promote the emergence of class-consistent responding to selection-based (i.e., multiple-choice) and topography-based (i.e., oral) tests., Author(s): Leif Albright[sup.1] , Lauren Schnell[sup.1] , Kenneth F. Reeve[sup.1] , Tina M. Sidener[sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) Department of Applied Behavior Analysis, Caldwell University, 120 Bloomfield Avenue, 07006, Caldwell, NJUSA [...]