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A novel method is developed to provide high-resolution, full-field retardation measurement of the liquid crystal cell using a phase shift polariscope. The phase retardation of a liquid crystal cell is influenced by its thickness, and hence an accurate measurement of the full field retardation gives the thickness distribution of the liquid crystal cell. In the phase shift polariscope, phase shift images obtained by rotating the analyzer are recorded and analyzed to obtain the phase retardation and hence the whole field thickness distribution of the liquid crystal cells. The results obtained using this method are compared with those using a commercial pointwise sensor with good agreement. The proposed method yields accurate and repeatable full-field cell gap measurement of the liquid crystal cell with a simple experimental setup. Society of America OCIS codes: 050.5080, 120.5050, 160.3710.

A computational protocol (HierDock) is described for predicting the relative energies of binding of phenylalanine analogues to phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (PheRS). The results obtained suggest that the HierDock protocol may be useful for virtual screening of amino acid analogues prior to experiment.

Taiwan considers its precision machinery industry among the nation's top 10 industries yet sets its long-term industrial policy for only 3 to 5 years. A 10-year technological forecast is made here for the country's machinery industry, and proposals are offered for governmental investment strategy and policy.

Three mutations at the D94 residue (D94E, D94A, and D94N) to evaluate its role in the decay of the peroxide intermediate are studied. These studies provide new insight into the role of D94 and proton involvement in the reductive cleavage of the O-O bond.

Incorporation of 5TFI was confirmed by tryptic peptide analysis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) of the protein product. Amino acid analysis showed that more than 93 percent of the encoded isoleucine residues were replaced by 5TFI. 5TFI was successfully introduced into the cytokine murine interleukin-2 (mIL-2) at the encoded isoleucine positions.