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Pathways linking climate to population dynamics of higher-trophic-level fish species such as Pacific salmon often involve a hierarchy in which regional-scale physical and biological processes mediate the effects of large-scale climate variability. We used probabilistic networks to investigate 17 potential ecological pathways linking climate to Oregon coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) recruitment. We found that pathways originating with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation were the most influential on recruitment, with the net effect being two to four times greater than for pathways originating with the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation or the Oceanic Nino Index. Among all environmental variables, sea surface temperature and an index of juvenile salmon prey biomass had the greatest effects on recruitment, with a 76% chance of recruitment being equal to or below average given that ocean temperatures were above average and a 34% chance of recruitment being below average given that prey biomass was above average. Our results provide evidence that shifts in climate patterns could strongly influence recruitment simultaneously through multiple ecological pathways and highlight the importance of quantifying cumulative effects of these pathways on higher-trophic-level species. Les voies qui relient le climat a la dynamique des populations d'especes de poissons de niveau trophique eleve comme les saumons du Pacifique definissent une hierarchie dans laquelle des processus physiques et biologiques a l'echelle regionale modulent les effets de la variabilite a grande echelle du climat. Nous avons utilise des reseaux probabilistes pour etudier 17 voies ecologiques potentielles reliant le climat au recrutement du saumon coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) de l'Oregon. Nous avons constate que les voies emanant de l'oscillation decennale du Pacifique exercent la plus grande influence sur le recrutement, leur effet net etant de deux a quatre fois superieur a celui des voies qui emanent de l'oscillation du tourbillon nord-pacifique ou de l'indice Nino oceanique. De toutes les variables environnementales, la temperature de la surface de la mer et un indice de biomasse des proies des saumons juveniles avaient les plus grands effets sur le recrutement, avec une probabilite de 76 % que le recrutement soit egal ou inferieur a la moyenne etant donne que les temperatures de l'ocean etaient superieures a la moyenne et une probabilite de 34 % que le recrutement soit inferieur a la moyenne etant donne que la biomasse de proies etait superieure a la moyenne. Nos resultats fournissent des preuves appuyant la these voulant que des changements des regimes climatiques puissent exercer simultanement une forte influence sur le recrutement par l'entremise de multiples voies ecologiques et ils soulignent l'importance de quantifier les effets cumulatifs de ces voies sur les especes de niveau trophique eleve. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) populations along the Northeast Pacific coast exhibit large interannual and interdecadal fluctuations in adult abundances. Changes in large-scale climate patterns are often associated with variability [...]

The community of trophically transmitted marine parasites of juvenile coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) salmon across 8 years (2002-2009) was related to indices of physical and biological ocean conditions and adult returns. When the biomass of lipid-poor, southern origin copepods in the coastal ocean was high during juvenile salmon outmigration from fresh water (April-June), yearling coho and Chinook salmon harbored a different trophically transmitted parasite fauna and exhibited lower survival compared with years when the southern copepod biomass was low. As copepods are key intermediate hosts in many marine parasite life cycles, these results support a trophic linkage between the copepod community and salmon prey. Interannual variation in the parasite community was correlated with survival of coho salmon (r = -0.67) measured 1 year later and adult returns of Upper Columbia River summer and fall Chinook salmon (r = -0.94) 3 years from the time of ocean entry. La communaute de parasites marins a transmission trophique des saumons cohos (Oncorhynchus kisutch) et quinnats (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) juveniles observee sur une periode de 8 ans (2002-2009) a ete reliee a des indices des conditions physiques et biologiques du milieu oceanique et aux retours d'adultes. Quand la biomasse de copepodes du sud pauvres en lipides dans l'ocean cotier etait elevee durant la descente des saumons juveniles a partir de leur milieu d'eau douce (d'avril a juin), les saumons cohos et quinnats de l'annee presentaient une faune de parasites a transmission trophique differente et des taux de survie plus faibles que durant les annees oU la biomasse de copepodes du sud etait faible. Comme les copepodes sont des hotes intermediaires cles dans le cycle biologique de nombreux parasites marins, ces resultats appuient l'existence d'un lien trophique entre la communaute de copepodes et les proies des saumons. Les variations interannuelles dans la communaute de parasites ont ete correlees avec la survie des saumons cohos (r = -0,67) mesuree 1 an plus tard et avec les retours de saumons quinnats adultes estivaux et automnaux du cours superieur du fleuve Columbia (r = -0,94) 3 ans apres leur entree en mer. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction Large fluctuations in the abundance of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) were documented soon after the arrival of Euro-American settlers in the Columbia River region in the early 1800s (Lichatowich [...]

In a country famous for its many festivals, the Ati-Atihan Festival on the island of Panay near the geographic center of the Philippines stands out not only for its devotion to the Santo Nino, or Holy Child, but because of its claim of being the country's oldest festival. Believed to date from 1212, this festival grafts the veneration of the Santo Nino onto a kind of thanksgiving commemorating the 'voluntary' gift of land from the indigenous population to their 'brothers' from present-day Borneo. This article traces the 'Mardi-Grasization' of the festival through an examination of its more extravagant, public, and theatrical elements, while considering what this weeklong event means for its tens of thousands of active participants., Billed as the 'Filipino Mardi-Gras' on numerous websites, the Ati-Atihan Festival in the provincial town of Kalibo juxtaposes the sacred and the profane as devotees of the Santo Nino (the [...]

The signature dances of the mountain-dwelling indigenous people of the Cordillera region in the Philippines circulate nationally and internationally as emblematic of Filipino culture, even as the diverse cultures of origin have been increasingly subjected to economic, political, and cultural domination by Tagalog-speaking lowlanders. Through an examination of how dance is situated on its home ground in and around the region's largest city, Baguio, this article demonstrates how indigenous dance based on traditional forms serves a range of masters and a variety of functions, while ultimately providing a space for indigenous people to reclaim, rediscover, and celebrate their culture. William Peterson is a senior lecturer and director of the Centre for Theatre and Performance at Monash University in Melbourne, Australia. He is the author of Theatre and the Politics of Culture in Contemporary Singapore (Wesleyan University Press, 2001) and has published widely on theatre, politics, and religion in Singapore, the Philippines, and Aotearoa/New Zealand. He extends special thanks to the University of the Philippines (Diliman) and Aquinas University of Legaspi for their support with this research., The indigenous people of the mountainous highlands of the Cordillera region in the Philippines have long served as emblematic of a proud and fiercely independent culture that has resisted colonization. [...]

The Singapore Arts Festival celebrated its thirtieth anniversary in 2007, an appropriate milestone for taking stock of the country's premiere cultural event. Under the leadership of Goh Ching Lee since 1999, the festival has sought to carve out a distinctive identity that is Asian and cutting-edge, while providing a model for other arts festivals in the region. By programming international work and commissioning Singaporean work that is slick, glossy, and easily transferable across cultural and geographic boundaries, the festival may be pointing toward a future in which the work circulating at international festivals assumes a form and content that is, in the words of George Ritzer (2007), increasingly 'grobal,' that is to say global and accessible, but increasingly devoid of content and removed from any concrete or stable cultural, political, or social context., International Context: Going 'Grobal' 'We have reached a stage in our economic and national development when we should devote greater attention and resources to culture and the arts in Singapore. [...]

People with disabilities are profoundly affected by what is built around and for them, yet far too often they are not consulted during the various phases of a product's life [...]

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2007.09.003 Byline: Jaime Gomez-Gutierrez (a), Leah R. Feinberg (b), Tracy C. Shaw (b), William T. Peterson (c) Keywords: Euphausiids; Broadcast spawning; Brood size; Spawning areas; Upwelling; Oregon coast; USA Abstract: Brood sizes of 1259 adult female Euphausia pacifica and Thysanoessa spinifera were measured during 48h incubations (10[degrees]C, [+ or -]0.5[degrees]C) on 27 oceanographic cruises between July 1999 and September 2004. The data set includes measurements from several stations off Newport, Oregon (Newport Hydrographic line, 44[degrees]39'N) made over a 5-year period and measurements from 14 more extensive cruises at stations representative of continental shelf, slope, and oceanic waters off Oregon and California, USA. E. pacifica had similar brood sizes at inshore (200m) stations with an average of 151 and 139 eggs brood.sup.-1 fem.sup.-1, respectively. T. spinifera brood sizes were considerably higher at inshore stations -- particularly at Heceta Bank (44[degrees]N) and south of Cape Blanco (42[degrees]50'N) -- than at offshore stations, 155 and 107 eggs brood.sup.-1 fem.sup.-1, respectively. Average brood sizes of E. pacifica increased during the study period, from 125 (in 2000) to 171 eggs brood.sup.-1 fem.sup.-1 (in 2003). Average percentage of carbon weight invested in spawning (reproductive effort) was higher in E. pacifica ([approximately equal to]14%) than in T. spinifera ([approximately equal to]6%), because both species have similar brood size but T. spinifera females are larger than E. pacifica females and produce smaller eggs. Reproductive effort for both species was higher during summer 2002, probably associated with anomalous cool subarctic waters and high chl-a concentration observed during that summer. Brood sizes and chl-a values remained relatively high in 2003-2004 compared to the 1999-2001 period. Geographical and temporal variability in brood sizes for both species were significantly correlated with in situ measurements of chl-a concentration but not with sea surface temperature. No gravid females were collected during late autumn and winter cruises, thus the spawning season along the Oregon coast appears to extend from March through September for both species. However, T. spinifera usually starts reproductive activity earlier in the spring (March) than E. pacifica. Both species had their highest brood sizes in summer during the period of most intense upwelling, which is associated with an increase in regional phytoplankton standing stock. Author Affiliation: (a) College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, 104 Ocean Administration Building, Corvallis, OR 97331-5503, USA (b) Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies, Hatfield Marine Science Center, 2030 South Marine Science Drive, Newport, OR 97365, USA (c) NOAA/NMFS, Hatfield Marine Science Center, 2030 South Marine Science Drive, Newport, OR 97365, USA Article History: Received 30 June 2006; Revised 5 September 2007; Accepted 11 September 2007

The week-long Moriones Festival on the island of Marinduque, south of Manila, weaves together a complex mix of events including street theatre, processions, religious ceremonies, and a three-night sinakulo that […]

Summertime wind stress along the coast of the northwestern United States typically exhibits intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) with periods from [approximately equal to] 15 to 40 days, as well as fluctuations on the 2 to 6-day 'weather-band' and 1-day diurnal time scales. Coastal upwelling of cool, nutrient-rich water is driven by extended periods of equatorward alongshore winds, and we show that the [approximately equal to] 20-day ISOs in alongshore wind stress dominated the upwelling process during summer 2001 off Oregon. These wind stress ISOs resulted from north-south positional ISOs of the atmospheric jet stream (JS). Upper-ocean temperature, phytoplankton, and zooplankton varied principally on the [approximately equal to] 20-day time scale as well, and these correlated with the ISOs in alongshore wind stress and JS position, even though there also were weather-band stress fluctuations of comparable magnitude. Such wind stress ISOs are typical along Oregon in the summer upwelling season, occurring in 10 of 12 years examined, including 2001. We present a previously unreported direct connection from the atmospheric JS to oceanic primary and secondary production on the intraseasonal time scale and show the leading importance of ISOs in driving this coastal upwelling ecosystem during a typical summer. coastal variability | wind-driven ocean upwelling | coastal marine ecosystems | marine ecology

The Cambridge Growth Project (CGP) 1960-1987 developed its own software packages for (1) single-equation then matrix-equation regression analysis and (2) matrix manipulation, then full dynamic nonlinear model solution. The hardware used by the project was the successor to EDSAC, the Titan computer, succeeded by an IBM mainframe, and one of the first personal computers, built by Acorn a local Cambridge company, which was replaced by the standard personal computer running under DOS. The development of the matrix approach to modelling stemmed from the emphasis on social accounting associated with the work of Richard Stone. The software was developed around the concept of the zero-, one-, two- or three-dimensional tensor (scalar, vector, matrix, or 3D tensor) a powerful way of organizing data that are both cross-section and time-series. The programs, written in FORTRAN, that were developed over the period 1973-1978 MREG and IDIOM are still in use today, although they have gone through many versions, they are able to manage much larger data sets, and they have become much faster in operation.

Byline: William Peterson (1) Abstract: The National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR), U.S. Department of Education, is the only federal agency mandated to improve the functional capabilities of people with disabilities. The application of technology is one means for addressing this mandate, so NIDRR operates programs that research, develop and commercialize assistive technology devices and services. To support this activity, the NIDRR collaborates with other federal agencies, and supports a national technology transfer center focused on bringing new or improved products to the marketplace. Author Affiliation: (1) U.S. Department of Education, National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research, 330 C Street, SW, Washington, DC, 20202 Article History: Registration Date: 07/10/2004

Historical plays by Kone Kouka portray how Maoris responded to social disruptions in the 20th century. Like most Maoris, Kouka believes the present is based on the past and his characters coexist in modern and traditional worlds.

This paper presents a Lagrangian Relaxation based technique for solving the power system thermal unit commitment problem. As a general approach, Lagrangian relaxation has proven to be an efficient method of solving the thermal unit commitment problem. The specific technique described in this paper focuses on finding a feasible commitment, then attempting to improve on the optimality of the solution. A new method for processing ramp rate constraints is also introduced. The algorithm has been implemented on a large scale power system, and results are shown using actual power system data. KEYWORDS: Unit Commitment, Generation Scheduling, Economic Operation, Lagrangian Relaxation, Interchange Evaluation

The vertical distribution, feeding behavior and grazing impact of female Temora longicornis in Long Island Sound were examined throughout the season of growth to analyze diel variability. T. longicornis normally carried out diel vertical migration with deep residence during the day and ascended to near-surface waters in the night for variable periods. The form of diel migration was unaffected by either the vertical distribution or comparative abundance of chlorophyll in the water column. The relation between the amplitude of vertical migration and food concentration was not conclusively established.

A processing algorithm to automatically detect a specific type of ion distribution (called the ion conic distribution) in data obtained from a space-based mass spectrometer has been devised. Automation of this task is necessary due to the sparseness of conic events within the very large databases typical of space plasma instruments. This paper reports on the algorithm used to perform this automated analysis, along with a description of the methods used to verify the algorithm and a summary of initial results on the characterization of the near-earth space plasma.

A study was conducted to examine to what extent the endothelium dependent and endothelium independent vasodilation in the pulmonary circulation of conscious dogs is changed by left lung autotransplantation (LLA). Considerable damage in vasolidation which is endothelium dependent is connected with LLA, but vasodilation which is not dependent on endothelium is unchanged compared with controlled conscious dogs. An important part of the continuous movement in the pulmonary vascular pressure-flow (LPQ) relationship post-LLA is passive and does not show an enhancement in baseline vasomotor tone.

Corporate Investment Decisions and Economic Analysis, Exercises and Case Studies By Denis Babusiaux and Axel Pierru IFP Publications/Editions Technip, Paris, 2005 This volume by Drs. Denis Babusiaux and Axel Pierru, [...]

Richard Maxwell, ed. The Victorian Illustrated Book. (Victorian Literature and Culture.) Charlottesville, Va.: University Press of Virginia. 2002. Pp. xxx, 440. $45.00. ISBN 0-8139-2097-3. The history of British printing was, [...]

Author(s): Xabier Irigoien (corresponding author) [1]; Roger P. Harris [2]; Hans M. Verheye [3]; Pierre Joly [4]; Jeffrey Runge [4, 5]; Michel Starr [4]; David Pond [6]; Robert Campbell [7]; [...]

The production of 'Desdemona,' which was inspired by William Shakespeare's Othello, by the Singapore theater group TheaterWorks is examined. The work includes performers from different countries each performing in different cultural fashions. The reaction of audiences and critics to the play is also examined.

Zealure C. HOLCOMB. Los Angeles, CA: Pyrczak Publishing, 1998, viii + 128, $21.95, ISBN: 1-884585-09-4. Modern textbooks on introductory statistics base many examples and exercises on data drawn from research [...]

Beauty and the Book: Fine Editions and Cultural Distinction in America. By Megan L. Benton. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2000. xii, 323 pp. $30.00. ISBN 0-300-08213-4. Fine [...]