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The traditional distinction between basic ('pure') and applied science has been much criticized in recent decades. The criticism is based on a combination of historical and systematic epistemic argument. The present paper is mostly concerned with the historical aspect. I argue that the critics impose an understanding at odds with the way the distinction was understood by its supporters in debates on science education and science policy in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. And I show how a distinction that refers to difference on several epistemic and social dimensions makes good sense of representative historical cases. If this argument is tenable it suggests more continuity in the epistemology and politics of science than has been claimed by a new paradigm of science studies and politics during recent decades., Author(s): Nils Roll-Hansen [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) IFIKK, University of Oslo, 0000 0004 1936 8921, grid.5510.1, , Box 1020, 0315, Blindern, Oslo, Norway Introduction Half a century ago, in the [...]

The term 'heterodox economics' has been in existence for several decades. Recent revival of heterodox economics can be regarded as a growing criticism of economists within the own profession of economics. Modern economics is designed as a one-world-capitalism without history and without regional specifications, without institutions, and without real human agents. Heterodox approaches have the aim to underline that different institutions matter, including religion, language, family structures and networks, systems of education, and industrial relations. Taking the discussion within a broader framework of the history of science acknowleges divergencies and convergencies between different approaches in economics that are also in permanent recomposition. The discussion comes up with the interpretation that recent academic developments provide chances for new modes of intellectual reintegration of formerly disparate areas.

The author investigates the relation between music and dance choreography with computer- assisted 'interactive dancer'. Implication of this investigation for artists is discussed.

The study lays out four fundamentally different traditions of social planning and social change that have shaped the ways of thinking about child welfare reform. Each has its own underlying assumptions and beliefs, its own methods or technologies, and its own approaches to knowledge building.

A conceptual framework connecting the creation city to modernity is presented by interpreting Fortier's archetypes through the anthropological work of W.T. Jones. The paradigmatic importance of the accumulation city seems to be increasing and the interest in the accumulation city is related to a discord, which is a characteristic of modernity.

An overview of the concepts paradigm theory, models and techniques and the dominant paradigms for interpreting and intervening in intimate partner violence (IPV) are described. The three paradigms that have dominated the field of IPV, namely feminist, clinical, and criminal justice are described along with the theories, models and techniques associated with them.

Rather than being based on an indefensible distinction between empiricists and interpretivists, this essay argues that such a distinction, although generally held by many persons, is actually not defensible on the basis of a supposed theory-data interaction. Covering law explanations are not part of common theory in communication research. Paradigmatic distinctions are typically thought of as being fundamental to the point of irresolvable, and when they are based on philosophical positions should be sharply questioned. Research is best performed when paradigms do not limit the activity or the thought of researchers.

Literature and science have a closer relationship than may at first meet the eye. In this paper, the catalytic function of literature in effecting important new ways of seeing and [...]

SUMMARY. Kuhn uses the distinction between '(simple) seeing', and 'seeing as' in order to claim that among competing paradigms there cannot be found any middle (experiential) ground; nothing 'same' can [...]

The Arabic verbal system, the prototypical example of templatic morphology is highlighted, with the aim of deriving some of its distinctly special traits from basic principles. Results reveal that paradigm coupled with general phonotactic constraints set limits on the theoretically possible diversity of stems within those paradigms.

According to Kuhn a new scientific discipline comes into existence when a group of scientists adopt a common paradigm within which to conduct research. The adoption of this paradigm serves to focus the attention of the group's members on a common explanatory task-at-hand and leads them to adopt similar methods and aims, thus making possible the standard puzzle solving activities that allow normal science to advance rapidly. However, Kuhn argues, in pre-paradigm periods and during revolutionary phases, scientists do not engage in such single-minded, puzzle-solving behavior, as the paradigm itself is put into question. Instead, during these periods, they become at least partially self-reflective in that they become interested in understanding the nature of their discipline and its relationships to other disciplines. In this paper, I argue that Philosophical Counseling is in a pre-paradigm period and is in need of a paradigm centered definition if it is to develop an identity and advance rapidly. In an Aristotelian mood, I seek this definition though an examination of the related fiends of psychotherapy and pastoral counseling.

The paradigm shift is a result of the rise of a number of pressing problems like climatic changes and international instability. The new kind of politics emerged by this shift in the developed nations will reshape the political landscape from top to bottom.

The National Health Service (NHS), like a military force is directable from a single point of control. But, the problem lays in the military paradigm an army to fight disease that has persisted in some form or another, since the NHS was created.