Search

Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli are causes of foodborne enteric infection worldwide (1). Campylobacter spp. are among the most frequent pathogens identified in diarrheal samples from persons in Africa, particularly [...]

Preparing and serving allergen-free meals continue to be challenging for food service establishments due to the associated costs and complexity of menu items. Our study assessed food allergy policies and procedures in independently owned restaurants (n = 103) within the Orlando metropolitan area in Florida. The Florida Department of Business and Professional Regulation HR 5030-038 from the Division of Hotels and Restaurants requires all food service managers and employees to know and name the top 8 major allergens and describe common food allergy symptoms. In total, 71 restaurants accommodated customers who have food allergies. Further, 25 restaurants reported having written food allergy policies and procedures, 63 did not, and 5 did not know. Approximately one half (49) of the owners, operators, and managers did not receive food allergy training. Of the training provided, 27 restaurants offered training in English and 20 restaurants offered training also in Spanish. Food service establishments will benefit from developing and implementing food allergy policies and procedures to serve food safely to customers who have food allergies. Keywords: food service, food allergy, policies and procedures, independently owned restaurant, Introduction A food allergy is an immune system reaction to proteins in food and can cause life-threatening situations. Food allergies affect 33 million individuals (Food Allergy Research & Education [FARE], [...]

Lyme disease (LD) is the most reported vector-borne disease in the United States (1). In separate efforts designed to better measure the burden of disease in the United States, we [...]

Since the arrival of clade 2.3.4.4b avian influenza A(H5N1) in North America in late 2021, frequent mammal spillover events have occurred in a diverse range of species, including 1 human [...]

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health challenge and the most frequent cause of illness and death among persons living with HIV (PLHIV) (1). Globally, TB occurs in congregate settings [...]

Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in >650 million infections and 6.5 million deaths during March 2020-December 2022 (2,2). Uganda recorded its first case of SARS-CoV-2 infection on March 21, 2020; [...]

The fortnights visit that Audrey Dyer paid her old friend Dorothy Bly, conserved in twenty cabinets. The toilet After the plane and the Tube and the unfamiliar walk and grubbing [...]

Back then, everybody smoked. I knew guys who could jump-start a Zippo lighter just by snapping their fingers. People smoked in restaurants, movie theaters, airplanes, trains, college classrooms, funeral homes. [...]

The Music of Peter Maxwell Davies. By Nicholas Jones and Richard McGregor. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell, 2020. [xiii, 368 p. ISBN 9781783274833 (hardcover), $115; ISBN 9781787446823 (ebook), $29.95.] Music examples, illustrations, [...]

Objective To describe the scale-up of cervical cancer screening and treatment for women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), aged 25-49 years in Uganda, and to analyse the programme data. Methods The health ministry targeted existing HIV clinics in a 2-year scale-up of cervical cancer screening services from October 2020. In preparation, we trained health workers to assess women attending HIV clinics for screening eligibility, provided either by human papillomavirus (HPV) testing and/or visual inspection with acetic acid. Clinic staff treated women with precancerous cervical lesions with thermocoagulation or referred women with suspected cancer to external services. We analysed data reported every 6 months for the number of clinics offering screening, screening uptake, the number of positive diagnoses and the number of women who received treatment. Findings The number of HIV clinics offering cervical cancer screening services increased from 11, before the programme launch, to 1571. During the programme, screening uptake increased from 5.0% (6506/130 293) to 107.3% (151872/141 527) of targets. The cumulative proportion of positive diagnoses was 5.9% (23 970/407 323) overall, but was much lower for screening offering visual inspection only compared with clinics offering HPV testing. Although the proportion of women receiving treatment if positive increased from 12.8% (53/413) to 84.3% (8087/9592), the World Health Organization target of 90% was not reached. Conclusion We demonstrated marked increases, potentially replicable by other countries, in screening and treatment. These increases could be improved further by expanding HPV testing and same-day treatment of precancerous lesions. Objectif Decrire Intensification du depistage et du traitement du cancer du col de l'uterus chez les femmes vivant avec le virus de l'immunodeficience humaine (VIH) et agees de 25 a 49 ans en Ouganda, puis analyser les donnees du programme. Methodes Le Ministere de la Sante a cible les cliniques de prise en charge du VIH existantes dans le cadre d'un renforcement des services lies au cancer du col de l'uterus sur une periode de deux ans, a partir d'octobre 2020. En amont, nous avons forme des professionnels de la sante a examiner les femmes frequentant les cliniques du VIH afin de determiner leur admissibility au depistage, par un test de detection du papillomavirus humain (HPV) et/ou une inspection visuelle apres application d'acide acetique. Le personnel des cliniques a traite les femmes presentant des lesions precancereuses du col de l'uterus par thermocoagulation, ou les ont renvoyees vers des services externes lorsqu'elles etaient susceptibles d'etre atteintes d'un cancer. Nous avons analyse les donnees transmises tous les six mois concernant le nombre de cliniques proposant un depistage, la participation au depistage, le nombre de diagnostics positifs et le nombre de femmes ayant repu un traitement. Resultats Le nombre de cliniques du VIH disposant de services de depistage du cancer du col de l'uterus a augmente: 11 avant le lancement du programme, 1571 apres. Au cours de ce programme, la participation au depistage est passee de 5,0% (6506/130 293) a 107,3% (151 872/141 527) des cibles. Le pourcentage cumule de diagnostics positifs s'elevait a 5,9% (23 970/407 323) au total; cependant, il etait nettement moins important dans des cliniques effectuant uniquement des inspections visuelles que dans celles proposant un test de detection du HPV. Bien que le pourcentage de femmes ayant regu un traitement en cas de diagnostic positif ait progresse de 12,8% (53/413) a 84,3% (8087/9592), l'objectif de l'Organisation mondiale de la Sante, fixe a 90%, n'a pas ete atteint. Conclusion Nous avons observe des hausses considerables, susceptibles de se reproduire dans d'autres pays, en matiere de depistage et de prise en charge. Ces hausses pourraient etre accentuees par le developpement des tests de detection du HPV et de traitement des lesions precancereuses le jour meme. Objetivo Describir la ampliacion del cribado y tratamiento del cancer de cuello uterino para mujeres con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) de entre 25 y 49 anos en Uganda, y analizar los datos del programa. Metodos El Ministerio de Salud se centro en las clinicas de VIH existentes en una ampliacion de dos anos de los servicios de cribado del cancer de cuello uterino a partir de octubre de 2020. Como preparacion, formamos a profesionales sanitarios para que evaluaran a las mujeres que acudian a las clinicas de VIH para determinar si cumplian los requisitos para someterse al cribado, mediante pruebas del virus del papiloma humano (VPH) o inspeccion visual con acido acetico. El personal clinico trato a las mujeres que presentaban lesiones cervicales precancerosas con termocoagulacion o derivo a las mujeres con sospecha de cancer a servicios externos. Se analizaron los datos comunicados cada seis meses sobre el numero de clinicas que ofrecian el cribado, la aceptacion del cribado, el numero de diagnosticos positivos y el numero de mujeres que recibieron tratamiento. Resultados El numero de clinicas de VIH que ofrecen servicios de cribado del cancer de cuello uterino aumento de 11, antes del lanzamiento del programa, a 1571. Durante el programa, la aceptacion del cribado aumento del 5,0% (6506/130 293) al 107,3% (151 872/141 527) de los objetivos. El porcentaje acumulado de diagnosticos positivos fue del 5,9% (23 970/407 323) en general, pero fue mucho menor en el caso de los diagnosticos en clinicas que solo ofrecian inspeccion visual en comparacion con las clinicas que ofrecian pruebas del VPH. Aunque el porcentaje de mujeres que recibieron tratamiento en caso positivo aumento del 12,8% (53/413) al 84,3% (8087/9592), no se alcanzo el objetivo del 90% que habia fijado la Organizacion Mundial de la Salud. Conclusion Se registraron aumentos notables, potencialmente reproducibles en otros paises, en el cribado y el tratamiento. Estos aumentos podrian mejorarse aun mas ampliando las pruebas del VPH y el tratamiento en el mismo dia de las lesiones precancerosas. [phrase omitted], Introduction Cervical cancer is a disease of the female reproductive tract caused primarily by oncogenic types of human papillomavirus (HPV). In 2020, it was the fourth most common cancer among [...]

The global demand for crabs, coupled with increasing threats to natural populations, creates the need to investigate captive breeding programs. To achieve this, it is crucial to acquire a comprehensive understanding of key aspects of their life cycle. This study represents the early comprehensive characterization of the red mangrove crab, Ucides occidentalis. Furthermore, leveraging epifluorescent microscopy, we examined the effect of six distinct microaigae diets on the progression of larval stages and their subsequent survival. Embryonic development in U. occidentalis unfolded over a period of 14 days, systematically detailed across eight distinct phases, each marked by the progressive emergence of the embryo and its associated appendages. Notably, an increase in the heart rate was registered just prior to spawning. Following spawning, a brief period of 10-15 min elapsed before the embryos successfully ruptured the chorion. Larval development underwent segmentation into five zoeal stages (zI-zV), spanning a 15-day duration, with an equivalent temporal period encompassing the megalopal stage until the attainment of the first juvenile crablet. Each transition between stages was heralded by a molting event. Despite our observations confirming the ingestion and digestion of the assessed microaigae, it became evident that diet supplementation with rotifers and brine shrimp is essential to optimize molting periods and, consequently, enhance survival rates. Specifically, diatoms Chaetoceros gracilis and Chaetoceros muelleri were ingested and digested up to the zoea V stage. In contrast, the microaigae Tetrase/mis maculala and Rhodomonas salina, while undergoing ingestion and digestion, were only able to sustain larvae until the zoea III stage. The outcomes of our research affirm the viability of U. occidentalis crablet production within a laboratory setting, thereby offering the potential inclusion of this species as a valuable aquaculture product. This endeavor holds the promise of contributing to the conservation and enhancement of wild U. occidentalis populations. KEY WORDS: Ucides occidentalis, embryonic development, crab feeding, early crab description, epiffuorescence, crab production, INTRODUCTION The species Ucides occidentalis (Ortmann, 1987), commonly referred to as the red mangrove crab, exhibits a geographical distribution that encompasses the tropical West Pacific region. Specifically, this species is [...]

After Indianapolis Star reporter Rick Johnson suggested to his editors in 1966 that they send him to South Vietnam to interview Hoosier soldiers as the American involvement there escalated, he [...]

Ever since 1960, when he was appointed associate editor of the Catholic Historical Review, Msgr. Robert F. Trisco has been a towering figure at the journal. He was promoted to [...]

1. Finding the Red Wheelbarrow 2023 is the 100th anniversary of the publication of William Carlos Williams's 'The Red Wheelbarrow.' It didn't originally have that title, or any title, but [...]

Preventing the onset of autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) is feasible through pharmacological interventions that target molecular stress-responsive mechanisms. Cellular stresses, such as nutrient deficiency, viral infection, or unfolded proteins, trigger the integrated stress response (ISR), which curtails protein synthesis by phosphorylating eukaryotic translation initiation factor-2[alpha] (eIF2[alpha]). In T1D, maladaptive unfolded protein response (UPR) in insulin-producing [beta] cells renders these cells susceptible to autoimmunity. We found that inhibition of the eIF2a kinase PKR-like ER kinase (PERK), a common component of the UPR and ISR, reversed the mRNA translation block in stressed human islets and delayed the onset of diabetes, reduced islet inflammation, and preserved [beta] cell mass in T1D-susceptible mice. Single-cell RNA-Seq of islets from PERK-inhibited mice showed reductions in the UPR and PERK signaling pathways and alterations in antigen-processing and presentation pathways in p cells. Spatial proteomics of islets from these mice showed an increase in the immune checkpoint protein programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in [beta] cells. Golgi membrane protein 1, whose levels increased following PERK inhibition in human islets and EndoC-[beta]H1 human [beta] cells, interacted with and stabilized PD-L1. Collectively, our studies show that PERK activity enhances [beta] cell immunogenicity and that inhibition of PERK may offer a strategy for preventing or delaying the development of T1D., Introduction Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a disorder of glucose homeostasis that results from the autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing islet [beta] cells. The importance of the immune system in initiating [...]

Recently developed antimigraine therapeutics targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) signaling are effective, though their sites of activity remain elusive. Notably, the lymphatic vasculature is responsive to CGRP signaling, but whether meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs) contribute to migraine pathophysiology is unknown. Mice with lymphatic vasculature deficient in the CGRP receptor ([Calcrl.sup.iLEC] mice) treated with nitroglycerin-mediated (NTG- mediated) chronic migraine exhibit reduced pain and light avoidance compared with NTG-treated littermate controls. Gene expression profiles of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) isolated from the meninges of [Rpl22.sup.HA/+];[Lyve1.sup.Cre] RiboTag mice treated with NTG revealed increased MLV-immune interactions compared with cells from untreated mice. Interestingly, the relative abundance of mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule 1-interacting (MAdCAMI-interacting) [CD4.sup.+] T cells was increased in the deep cervical lymph nodes of NTG-treated control mice but not in NTG-treated [Calcrl.sup.iLEC] mice. Treatment of cultured hLECs with CGRP peptide in vitro induced vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cadherin) rearrangement and reduced functional permeability. Likewise, intra cisterna magna injection of CGRP caused rearrangement of VE-cadherin, decreased MLV uptake of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and impaired CSF drainage in control mice but not in [Calcrl.sup.iLEC] mice. Collectively, these findings reveal a previously unrecognized role for lymphatics in chronic migraine, whereby CGRP signaling primes MLV-immune interactions and reduces CSF efflux., Introduction The meninges have traditionally been considered a protective and physical barrier to the brain, shielding the central nervous system from external trauma or systemic insults such as infection and [...]

Newborn mammalian cardiomyocytes quickly transition from a fetal to an adult phenotype that utilizes mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation but loses mitotic capacity. We tested whether forced reversal of adult cardiomyocytes back to a fetal glycolytic phenotype would restore proliferative capacity. We deleted Uqcrfsl (mitochondrial Rieske iron- sulfur protein, RISP) in hearts of adult mice. As RISP protein decreased, heart mitochondrial function declined, and glucose utilization increased. Simultaneously, the hearts underwent hyperplastic remodeling during which cardiomyocyte number doubled without cellular hypertrophy. Cellular energy supply was preserved, AMPK activation was absent, and mTOR activation was evident. In ischemic hearts with RISP deletion, new cardiomyocytes migrated into the infarcted region, suggesting the potential for therapeutic cardiac regeneration. RNA sequencing revealed upregulation of genes associated with cardiac development and proliferation. Metabolomic analysis revealed a decrease in a-ketoglutarate (required for TET-mediated demethylation) and an increase in 5-adenosylmethionine (required for methyltransferase activity). Analysis revealed an increase in methylated CpGs near gene transcriptional start sites. Genes that were both differentially expressed and differentially methylated were linked to upregulated cardiac developmental pathways. We conclude that decreased mitochondrial function and increased glucose utilization can restore mitotic capacity in adult cardiomyocytes, resulting in the generation of new heart cells, potentially through the modification of substrates that regulate epigenetic modification of genes required for proliferation., Introduction Mitochondria generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), but they also participate in diverse biological functions that include redox signaling (1), metabolite signaling (2), calcium signaling (3), and the generation [...]

One critical mechanism through which prostate cancer (PCa) adapts to treatments targeting androgen receptor (AR) signaling is the emergence of ligand-binding domain-truncated and constitutively active AR splice variants, particularly AR-V7. While AR-V7 has been intensively studied, its ability to activate distinct biological functions compared with the full- length AR (AR-FL), and its role in regulating the metastatic progression of castration- resistant PCa (CRPC), remain unclear. Our study found that, under castrated conditions, AR-V7 strongly induced osteoblastic bone lesions, a response not observed with ARFL overexpression. Through combined ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq, and RNA-seq analyses, we demonstrated that AR-V7 uniquely accesses the androgen-responsive elements in compact chromatin regions, activating a distinct transcription program. This program was highly enriched for genes involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis. Notably, we discovered that SOX9, a critical metastasis driver gene, was a direct target and downstream effector of AR-V7. Its protein expression was dramatically upregulated in AR-V7-induced bone lesions. Moreover, we found that Ser81 phosphorylation enhanced AR-V7's pro-metastasis function by selectively altering its specific transcription program. Blocking this phosphorylation with CDK9 inhibitors impaired the AR-V7-mediated metastasis program. Overall, our study has provided molecular insights into the role of AR splice variants in driving the metastatic progression of CRPC., Introduction The androgen receptor (AR) is critical in driving prostate cancer (PCa) development, with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) being the standard treatment for PCa patients. Although initial responses are generally [...]

Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) constitute the backbone of modern acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) prophylaxis regimens but have limited efficacy in the prevention and treatment of chronic GVHD (cGVHD). We investigated the effect of CNIs on immune tolerance after stem cell transplantation with discovery-based single-cell gene expression and T cell receptor (TCR) assays of clonal immunity in tandem with traditional protein-based approaches and preclinical modeling. While cyclosporin and tacrolimus suppressed the clonal expansion of [CD8.sup.+] T cells during GVHD, alloreactive [CD4.sup.+] T cell clusters were preferentially expanded. Moreover, CNIs mediated reversible dose-dependent suppression of T cell activation and all stages of donor T cell exhaustion. Critically, CNIs promoted the expansion of both polyclonal and TCR-specific alloreactive central memory [CD4.sup.+] T cells ([T.sub.CM]) with high self-renewal capacity that mediated cGVHD following drug withdrawal. In contrast to posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PT-Cy), CSA was ineffective in eliminating IL-17A-secreting alloreactive T cell clones that play an important role in the pathogenesis of cGVHD. Collectively, we have shown that, although CNIs attenuate aGVHD, they paradoxically rescue alloantigen-specific [T.sub.CM], especially within the [CD4.sup.+] compartment in lymphoid and GVHD target tissues, thus predisposing patients to cGVHD. These data provide further evidence to caution against CNI-based immune suppression without concurrent approaches that eliminate alloreactive T cell clones., Introduction Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell or bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is a curative therapy for many hematological diseases and metabolic disorders. However, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) contributes to considerable morbidity and [...]

BAMBINO A ROMA CHICO BUARQUE 176pp. Companhia das Letras. 16.45 [euro]. Bambino a Roma is not the first work of fiction by Chico Buarque to mine his life. In O [...]

Information about post-disturbance regeneration success and successional dynamics is critical to predict forest ecosystem resistance and resilience to disturbances and climate change. Our objective was to identify and classify post-disturbance empirical research conducted by the Canadian Forest Service (CFS) of Natural Resources Canada and their collaborators to provide guidance on future research needs, improving our understanding of post-disturbance recovery in a Canadian context. To achieve our objective, we collected and classified peer-reviewed and non-published literature produced by the CFS between 1998 and 2020 that concerned post-disturbance ecology. We focused on research addressing natural or anthropogenic disturbances, such as wildfires, pest outbreaks, windthrows, forest management, seismic lines, and those that studied processes related to soil, vegetation, fauna, hydrology, and microbial communities. We found that forest harvesting was the disturbance most studied by CFS between 1998 and 2020, followed by fire. Despite the fact that large, forested areas are affected annually by pests, studies on recovery after pest outbreaks were scarce. Other disturbances, such as mining and seismic lines or other abiotic disturbances were rare in CFS literature. Most studies (70%) examined changes in vegetation related to forest management and fire and they were mainly focussed on post-disturbance tree regeneration success. Post-disturbance changes in understory species diversity were also well-studied. Our results provide a geographic overview of CFS research on post-disturbance recovery in Canada and enable the identification of key knowledge gaps. Notably, research focusing on recovery after natural disturbances was underrepresented in the assessed literature compared to studies centered around harvesting. Long-term research sites, chronosequences that substitute space for time, and studies focused on consecutive disturbances are especially important to maintain and establish sustainable forest management strategies in the face of climate change. Key words: forest regeneration, forest recovery, sustainable forest management, natural disturbance, long-term research, Introduction Forest disturbances are becoming more frequent, intense, and widespread due to global change (Sommerfeld et al. 2018; Lindenmayer and Taylor 2020; Collins et al. 2021). These changes in disturbance [...]

Introduction Smoking during pregnancy adversely affects perinatal outcomes for both women and infants. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of the state-funded Comprehensive Tobacco Treatment Program (CTTP) - the largest maternal tobacco cessation program in San Bernardino County, California - to determine the real-world program effectiveness and to identify variables that can potentially improve effectiveness. Methods During 2012-2019, women who smoked during pregnancy were enrolled in CTTP's multicomponent behavioral smoking cessation program that implemented components of known efficacy (i.e., incentives, biomarker testing, feedback, and motivational interviewing). Results We found that 40.1% achieved prolonged abstinence by achieving weekly, cotinine-verified, 7-day abstinence during 6 to 8 weeks of enrollment. Using intention-to-treat analyses, we computed that the self-reported point prevalence abstinence rate (PPA) at the six-month telephone follow-up was 36.7%. Cohort members achieving prolonged abstinence during the CTTP were five times more likely to achieve PPA six months after CTTP. Several non-Hispanic ethnicities (Black, Native American, White, or More than one ethnicity) in the cohort were two-fold less likely (relative to Hispanics) to achieve prolonged abstinence during CTTP or PPA at six months after CTTP. This disparity was further investigated in mediation analysis. Variables such as quitting during the first trimester and smoking fewer cigarettes at enrollment were also associated with achieving PPA at six months. Discussion Racial/ethnic health disparities that have long been linked to a higher rate of maternal smoking persist even when the pregnant smoker enrolls in a smoking cessation program., Author(s): Stacey D. Wiles [sup.1] , Jerry W. Lee [sup.1] , Anna Nelson [sup.1] , Anne Berit Petersen [sup.2] , Pramil N. Singh [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/04bj28v14, grid.43582.38, 0000 [...]

Australia has committed to reducing its greenhouse gas emissions in a manner consistent with limiting anthropogenic climate change to no more than 2 degrees Celsius. One of the ways in which this commitment is being realised is through a shift towards variable renewable energy (VRE) within Australia's National Electricity Market (NEM). Substituting existing dispatchable thermal plant with VRE requires consideration of long-term energy resource adequacy given the unpredictability of solar and wind resources. While pumped hydro and battery storage are key technologies for addressing short-term mismatches between resource availability and demand, they may be unable to cost effectively address 'energy droughts'. In this article, we present a time sequential solver model of the NEM and an optimal firming technology plant mix to allow the system to be supplied by 100% VRE. Our conclusion is that some form of fuel-based technology (most likely hydrogen) will probably be required. This has important implications for Australian energy policy. Keywords: Energy storage, Electricity markets, Energy market modelling, 1. INTRODUCTION Australia has committed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions consistent with limiting anthropogenic climate change to no more than 1.5-2 degrees Celsius. These commitments imply a 50% and 75% [...]

Objectives Patterns of physical behaviors including physical activity, sedentary time, and sleep are unknown during pregnancy, but are likely to influence health outcomes. The purpose was to first identify 'physical behavior phenotypes' from accelerometer-measured physical behaviors in pregnant women during the first trimester and secondly, to explore the associations between the identified phenotypes with demographic variables and body-mass-index (BMI). Methods Data were from the Glowing Study (gov ID: NCT01131117), collected between 2011 and 2017 with accelerometer-measured physical behaviors of women in their 12th week of pregnancy. Latent class analysis was used to identify patterns of total physical activity, sleep time, sedentary time, and variation in physical activity. Maternal Body-Mass-Index (BMI). BMI and sociodemographic characteristics were compared between physical behavior phenotypes. Results A total of 212 pregnant women were included in the study (mean age 30.2 years (range 22.1 to 42.4), mean days wear 4.3 (SD 0.7)). Three physical behavior phenotypes were identified from the four physical behavior constructs: low sedentary and stable activity (n = 136, 64%), variable activity (n = 39, 18%), high sedentary and low sleep (n = 37, 17%). BMI, race, and education were significantly different between the three phenotypes, with the low sedentary and stable activity phenotype having the lowest BMI and a higher percentage of white and college educated women. Conclusions for Practice Total physical activity and physical behavior phenotypes during the first trimester were associated with early-pregnancy BMI, race, and education. Future research should examine whether these physical behavior phenotypes are associated with maternal and child health outcomes., Author(s): Erin K. Howie [sup.1] [sup.2] , Alexander Nelson [sup.3] , Joanne A. McVeigh [sup.2] [sup.4] , Aline Andres [sup.5] [sup.6] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/05jbt9m15, grid.411017.2, 0000 0001 2151 0999, [...]

The ancient disease cholera remains a major public health threat in countries lacking safe drinking water, optimal sanitation, and preventive hygiene practices (1). In Haiti, which had not had a [...]

Today's image of people inhabiting the vast steppe landscapes of Mongolia is inseparably linked to mobile animal herding. Indeed, archaeologists have confirmed that human-animal communities comprised of human herders and domestic livestock roamed across Mongolia's grassland environment and utilized semi-arid to arid regions such as the Gobi steppe desert for thousands of years. However, it is much rarer to catch a glimpse of the time before the advent of pastoralism in this part of the world. During the Neolithic (ca. 6000-1800 B.C.), the Gobi was much less of a desert than it is today. Sparsely scattered archaeological sites testify to the presence of hunter-gatherer groups that successfully exploited rich wetland environments. As a result of the pedestrian survey carried out by the Dornod Mongol Survey in the greater region of Delgerkhaan Uul, we discovered in situ remains of a Neolithic habitation site. Excavations at the Margal site uncovered a stratified hearth and a lithic assemblage embedded in a habitation layer and accompanied by a few faunal bone fragments. Our finds correspond with the Oasis 2 stage (ca. 6000-3000 B.C.) of the scheme established by Janz and colleagues dividing the Mongolian Neolithic into phases based on habitation, as well as subsistence patterns and technology. However, some typical Oasis 2 markers such as pottery and grinding tools are missing from the small assemblage uncovered from test excavations in 2017 and 2018. Margal likely belonged to a regional network of extended hunter-gatherer occupation relying on wild plant and faunal resources. The site represents the first of its kind in the region and has potential to shed light on hunter-gatherer subsistence and habitation decisions. In concert with adjacent archaeological surface scatters and contextualized in the supraregional network of hunter-gatherer habitation, it will contribute to refining current models of lifeways and transformations in Mongolian prehistory. KEYWORDS: hunter-gatherers, subsistence strategies, fire pit, Neolithic, Inner Asia, Mongolia., INTRODUCTION A century ago, political upheaval rumbled across the deserts, forests, and steppes of Mongolia. Warlords from China, White Russians, Bolsheviks, and a Buddhist sovereign all contended for control over [...]

This article places the labor contracts signed in Tennessee by landowners and freedmen at the center of a study of a paradox of freedom in the United States. The text argues that freedmen's health--which included medical care, sustenance, and physical protection --was negotiated during and after the Civil War with the goal of subjugating the interests of blacks, the state, and landowners to an ideal of social relations of production governed by freedom, law, and the market. Through an examination of labor contracts and their medical clauses, the article revisits the medical-political approach that has repeatedly led historians to the failure of Reconstruction. It also places the black family in the process of emancipation and production through contracts and a rereading of the 'culture of dissemblance' proposed by historian Darlene Clark Hine over thirty years ago. Finally, the article moves away from a reading that reduces contracts to the oppression blacks faced after the Civil War. As additional input, the article invites an examination of the debates over citizenship that followed the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment. Keywords: freedom, Reconstruction, contracts, work, health, family, African Americans Dans cet article, les contrats de travail signes au Tennessee par les proprietaires fonciers et les affranchis sont places au centre d'une etude sur un paradoxe de la liberte aux Etats-Unis. Nous soutenons l'idee que la sante des affranchis--qui comprend les soins medicaux, la subsistance et la protection physique--se negocie durant et apres la guerre de Secession dans le but d'assujettir les interets des Noirs, de l'Etat et des proprietaires terriens a un ideal de relations sociales de production regi par la liberte, le droit et le marche. En examinant les contrats de travail et leurs clauses medicales, nous revisitons l'approche medicopolitique qui a maintes FOIs conduit les historiens a la these de l'echec de la Reconstruction. Nous placons aussi la famille noire dans le processus d'emancipation et de production par la voie des contrats et d'une relecture de la << culture de la dissimulation >> proposee par l'historienne Darlene Clark Hine il y a plus de trente ans. Enfin, nous nous eloignons d'une lecture qui reduit les contrats a la seule oppression dont etaient victimes les Noirs apres la guerre de Secession. En complement, nous invitons le lecteur a examiner les debats sur la citoyennete qui ont suivi la ratification du treizieme amendement. Mots clefs : emancipation, Reconstruction, contrats, travail, sante, famille, Noirs, DANS CET ARTICLE, NOUS EXAMINONS les origines d'un paradoxe de la liberte aux Etats-Unis en tentant de repondre a deux questions : Pourquoi le gouvernement federal, par l'entremise de son [...]

The Situation of the Catholic Novelist Trevor Cribben Merrill Milwaukee, WI: Wiseblood Books, 2021. Contemplative Realism: A Theological-Aesthetical Manifesto Joshua Hren San Diego, CA: Benedict XVI Institute, 2022. French critic [...]

Among strategies that campus leaders and research administrators employ to spur interdisciplinary research in U.S. higher education, one of the costliest--and increasingly popular--is designated interdisciplinary research spaces and buildings. Yet while interdisciplinary research buildings, often focused on the sciences, stand as significant investments and concrete manifestations of institutional interdisciplinary commitment, empirical research thus far has shed little light on who leads them, the challenges these leaders face, and buildings' broader aims and effectiveness. Using interviews with 26 leaders of and documents related to interdisciplinary research buildings at ten U.S. higher education R1 institutions, this qualitative multi-site case study begins to fill this gap. In probing key issues attending interdisciplinary buildings as a growing tool for research administration and development, this study describes various types of interdisciplinary building leaders; details novel challenges, lessons learned and suggested leadership practices; and explores how leaders already do (and future scholarship might) conceptualize and gauge building effectiveness. In doing so, this work provides novel and timely contributions to the current practice of leading interdisciplinary research efforts and grounds future directions for research Keywords: Interdisciplinary, higher education, research administration, infrastructure, leadership, organizational priorities, MAKING INTERDISCIPLINARITY CONCRETE: UNDERSTANDING HIGHER EDUCATION INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH BUILDINGS AND THEIR LEADERSHIP In U.S. higher education today, institutions of higher education (IHEs) and research administrators make many attempts to spur [...]

In this study, we investigated the association between positive emotion expression in children's writing at age 11, as indicated by objective raters, and age 50 self-reported well-being outcomes-positive emotions, optimism, life satisfaction, meaning in life, social well-being, and physical health. Using a representative sample (N = 436) from the United Kingdom who participated in the National Child Development Study (NCDS), we found that positive emotion expression at age 11 was related to greater optimism, life satisfaction, meaning in life, and social well-being, but not positive emotions or physical health, at age 50 after controlling for socioeconomic status (SES) in adulthood. The associations between positive emotion expression in childhood and well-being in adulthood remained significant when accounting for age 11 academic ability and SES. By using an observational measure of positive emotion during childhood and accounting for relationships among well-being outcomes in adulthood, our findings offer important insights regarding the long-term correlates of children's positive emotions., Author(s): John K. Coffey [sup.1] [sup.2] , S. Katherine Nelson-Coffey [sup.1] [sup.2] , Hannah Parsley [sup.1] , Michael Pluess [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.267628.f, 0000 0001 2149 5776, Psychology Department, [...]