Search

INTRODUCTION Edgardo Mortara, born in 1851 to Jewish parents living in the Papal States, was forcibly removed from his parents' custody by the police when he was six years old. [...], This Article explores parallels between integralists' defense of the Mortara case (in which Pius IX removed a child from his parents' care in order to provide him with a Catholic education) and contemporary progressive arguments for overriding the authority of parents who do not want their gender-dysphoric children to undergo social or medical gender transition. In Part I, I offer an overview of the natural law case for limited government, then in Part III turn more specifically to a natural law defense of parental rights as an essential aspect of limited government. In the following Part, I return to the Mortara case, analyzing it in light of the principles presented, in the previous sections to show why the Pope's actions (however well-intentioned) were contrary to natural law. Finally, in Part IV I argue that the Mortara case has troubling parallels in the attempts of contemporary progressives (also presumably well-intentioned) to allow gender-dysphoric children to undergo social transition and begin hormone therapies ivithout parental knowledge or consent, and to justify the removal of such children from the homes of loving parents who persist in opposing such interventions. I thus attempt to show, through these concrete examples related to parental rights, how natural law principles can save liberal political institutions not only from their integralist critics, but also from liberalism's own contemporary progressive excesses.

Byline: Anuj. Kunadia, Samuel. Moschella, Jessica. McLemore, Naveed. Sami The clinical presentation of localized pemphigus foliaceus (PF) often involves photo exposed areas. We describe five cases of localized PF, two [...]

CONDIC, Samuel B. and Maureen L. Condic. Human Embryos, Human Beings: A Scientific and Philosophical Approach. Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 2018. xi + 285 pp. Paper, [...]

The 2007-2008 financial crisis has once again prompted a Lively debate on the benefits and risks of capital account liberalization in emerging market countries. This paper contributes to this debate by looking back at the 1990s through the lenses of the International Monetary Fund (IMF). On the basis of archival research, the paper argues that the IMF looked at Mexico as evidence of the benefits of global financial integration both before and after the 1994 crisis, focusing on macroeconomic conditions and underestimating the soundness of the domestic financial sector. In the conclusions, the paper links the findings with the debate that followed the subprime crisis. Comparative Economic Studies (2010) 52, 589-609. doi: 10.1057/ces.2010.18; published online 2 September 2010 Keywords: Mexico, IMF, capital account liberalization, crisis, JEL Ctassifications: F3, N2 The financial crisis that started in the summer of 2007 in the small segment of the US subprime market has rekindled the debate about the benefits [...]

Many anthropic factors may contribute to the alteration of the natural evolution of the fiver environment. Among them, probably the most severe is the regulation of the stream flow by a dam. To minimize this impact normally a minimum flow release is guaranteed downstream from the dam. The minimum discharge constitutes an important parameter for the evaluation of the real impact of the reservoir on the catchments downstream. The assessment of this parameter is not easy because two conflicting objectives have to be taken into account: the maximum use of water and environmental protection. The objective of this study is to optimize, apply, and discuss different methods for evaluation of the minimum discharge found in the technical literature to the reservoir on the Menta stream in the province of Reggio Calabria, Italy. In this process particular emphasis is placed on the preservation not only of acceptable levels of discharge during dry months (summer) but also of the seasonal variability of the discharge that largely contributes to the safeguard of the biological potentialities of the stream. Among the methods tested, the one adopted by the Autorita di Bacino del Fiume Serchio (Serchio River Basin Authority, Italy), although modified, provides a good indication of the minimum discharge to be adopted. CE Database subject headings: Dams; Instream flow; Hydrology; Water management; Environmental issues; Italy.

Canopy-forming macroalgae are key species on temperate rocky shores. However, there is a lack of understanding of how the relative balance of physical and biological factors controls the establishment and persistence of intertidal macroalgae. Here we present an integrated study of the relative importance of wave-induced forces and grazing for the recruitment and survival of the canopy-forming intertidal macroalgae Fucus vesiculosus and F. spiralis. A set of overtopped breakwaters provided a nearly unconfounded gradient in wave exposure between seaward and landward sides. A biomechanical analysis was performed based on empirical measurements of maximum drag forces in breaking waves, a model of long-term maximum wave height, and the breaking stress of Fucus spp. The estimated maximum flow speed (7-8 m/s) on the seaward side of the breakwaters was predicted to completely dislodge or prune Fucus spp. larger than ~10 cm, while dislodgment was highly unlikely on the landward side for all sizes. Experimental transplantation of Fucus spp. supported the biomechanical analysis but also suggested that mechanical abrasion may further limit survival in wave-exposed locations. Experimental removal of the limpet Patella vulgata, which was the principal grazer at this site, resulted in recruitment of Fucus spp. on the seaward side. We present a model of limpet grazing that indicates that limpet densities >5-20 individuals/[m.sup.2] provide a proximate mechanism preventing establishment of Fucus spp., whereas wave action >2 m/s reduces persistence through dislodgment and battering. In a conceptual model we further propose that recruitment and survival of juvenile Fucus spp. are controlled indirectly by wave exposure through higher limpet densities at exposed locations. This model predicts that climate change, and in particular an increased frequency of storm events in the northeast Atlantic, will restrict fucoids to more sheltered locations. Key words: breaking waves; breakwaters; climate change; dislodgment; Fucus spp.; grazing; hydrodynamic drag; limpets; Patella vulgata; transplantation; Ulva sp.; wave exposure.

An insight of a case of a 68-year-old man suffering from progressive thickening of the skin of the arms and legs is presented. The patient's skin on the fourth hospital day was examined and found to be waxy, taut, hardened plaques with brown pigmentation extending from both upper thighs to the most distal point on the toes. The way diagnostic procedure is performed is revealed.

Theoretical studies have predicted that the disruptive role of the Rayleigh-Taylor (R-T) instability on the current conduction and implosion characteristics of annular Z-pinch loads will be mitigated by mass accretion if uniform fill or multiple annular shell loads are used. Holographic interferometry was used to study these physical processes during the implosion phase of puff-on-puff loads on a terawatt accelerator. Both axial (r-z) density perturbation and azimuthal (r = [theta]) filamentation modes of the R-T instability were observed. Significant ionization (Z [approximately equal to] 3 - 10) of the inner gas puff atoms was observed below the anode grid before the outer puff had imploded to this radial position. Radiation hydrodynamic calculations indicate that photoionization by radiation from the outer current carrying shell could not account for this ionization. Current flowing on the inner gas puff could be the source of this ionization. The effect of these physical processes on the radiation yield from z-pinches warrants further investigation. Index Terms--Holographic interferometry, phase-step reconstruction, Rayleigh-Taylor (R-T) instability, z-pinch.

We have spectroscopically observed, as suggested by Sanford et al. (1996), a transition from discrete wire implosions to the implosion of a more continuous plasma shell in aluminum-wire-array z pinches driven by a 7-TW electrical generator. The time history of magnesium dopant K-shell X-ray emission depended on the interwire spacing, as well as whether the dopant was introduced as an alloy in or a coating on the aluminum wires. We diagnose the final assembly of the hot, dense K-shell emitting core, a region of the pinch not accessible to laser interferometry or optical/UV emission measurements. Index Terms--K-shell X-ray production, plasma radiation sources, wire array z pinch, z pinch plasma.

We consider the question of how the temperature profile of a Z-pinch plasma can be determined and/or constrained by the requirement that its observed K-shell spectrum be replicated. As a case study we employ spatially integrated, time-resolved K-shell data obtained from the implosion of 30-wire Al:Mg alloy arrays on the Saturn driver at Sandia National Laboratories. Given the measured pinch size, its K-shell power and line intensities are compared with the predictions of a collisional-radiative-equilibrium plasma model whose temperature profile is varied in seeking agreement with the data. The Al data rules out a large range of possible temperature profiles, but two quite different temperature distributions can both match the measurements. These are: a uniform temperature, or, one with a sharply dropping temperature near the pinch outer edge. However, the measured ratio of the Mg [Alpha] resonance lines to those of Al, even though time-integrated, excludes the possibility of a uniform temperature distribution. Index Terms - Plasma measurements, plasma pinch, spectral analysis, X-ray measurements, X-ray production, X-ray spectroscopy.

The result of the characterization of a planar long-conduction-time plasma operating switch in an operating regime with the presence of both magnetohydrodynamic and electromagnetohydrodynamic effects shows that minimal electromagnetohydrodynamic effects are observed in the experimented regime. This result does not agree with the theoretical results under which the magnetohydrodynamic effect dominates the operation of the switch in this regime. Long conduction time plasma operating switches are used for the characterization of plasma.

The plasma opening switch (POS) is an integral part of inductive store pulsed power systems. Using flashboards coated with BaO and a dye laser tuned to the 493.4 nm ground state transition of the singly-ionized barium ion, resonant laser diagnostics have been employed to image the switch plasma and provide a measurement of the plasma density during conduction and opening. Gaps open during the conduction phase with their position in the inter-electrode region depending upon the initial fill plasma. There is little axial motion of the plasma, contrary to the predictions of analytical hydro model calculations performed using the measured switch parameters. This discrepancy may be due to a finite lifetime for ions in the switch that is less than the conduction time resulting in a larger effective mass. From a functional point of view modified bipolar model calculations best fit the data.

Coexpression of ryanodine receptor (RyR) and FK506-binding protein (FKBP 12) indicates that channel gating is modulated by an increase in channels with full conductance levels of FKBP 12. FKBP 12 decreases the open probability with an increase in open time. FKBP 12 was originally identified as a cytosolic receptor having a natural cellular function. It is a constituent of the functional Ca2+ release channel complex.

Inositol 1,4,5-trisphoshate (IP3) is a second messenger regulating Ca2+ release in many cell types. An investigation was conducted to determine if the IP3 signaling pathway is involved in cardiac contractility. In situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry showed that an IPR3 receptor (IP3R) is present in rat cardiac myocytes. Further characterization showed that the cardiac IP3R is structurally similar to vascular smooth muscle and brain IP3Rs.

A plasma source has been developed for use in cylindrical plasma opening switches (POS). The 'inverse pinch' (IP) produces a radially expanding plasma ring formed from a gas puff and is designed to be mounted inside the center conductor of a POS. Interferometric measurements and magnetic probes were used to study the expansion dynamics of the plasma that behaves similar to an ideal snowplow. Plasma density measurements were also made with the source in a POS configuration. These measurements have shown that the IP injects a discrete quantity of plasma into the POS gap over time scales of interest. This results in a number of different plasma density distributions depending on the source delay. Furthermore, the quantity of plasma can be controlled by adjusting the size of the gas puff. This fact, coupled with the ability to vary the type of gas, enables the inverse pinch to supply to the POS a wide range of mass densities. Index Terms--Inverse pinch, laser interferometry, plasma opening switches, plasma sources.