Search

Fish stocking occurs in aquatic systems for conservation purposes, to create or enhance recreational fisheries and to enhance wild-catch commercial fisheries. Identifying and quantifying the contribution of stocking efforts to wild populations is crucial to informing these management objectives. Provenance determination methods trade off accuracy, replicability, and costeffectiveness at fishery-relevant scales. We present and assess multiple methods for provenance determination using a case study of barramundi (Lates calcarifer) in the Dry Tropics region of northern Australia. A novel application of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is compared to two established methods for fish provenance, otolith microchemistry and genetic parentage analysis using microsatellites. The otolith microchemistry method was able to provide extremely high provenance resolution (>99% accuracy). The microsatellite parentage analysis method had a slightly lower overall accuracy (95%), likely as a result of genetic introgression in this region. Provenance determination using otolith NIRS had the lowest overall accuracy (76%). Once limitations regarding spectral noise, image resolution, and sample size are addressed, NIRS may have potential for costeffectively determining provenance in fish. Key words: barramundi, Lates calcarifer, provenance, natal origin, fish stocking, stock enhancement, otolith microchemistry, NIRS, microsatellite parentage analysis, Introduction Fish stocking occurs in aquatic systems around the world for conservation purposes, to create or enhance recreational fisheries and to enhance wild-catch commercial fisheries (Warren-Myers et al. 2018). Identifying [...]

Objective Although Haiti and the Dominican Republic (DR) share the same island of Hispaniola, exclusive breastfeeding is much higher in Haiti. As prelacteal feeding also differs between the two countries, it was hypothesize that prelacteal feeding would account for the subsequent differences in breastfeeding exclusivity between the two countries, while controlling for other potentially influencing differences. Methods Data for infants under 6 months of age were extracted from the cross-sectional Demographic and Health Surveys from Haiti (2012) and the DR (2013). Bivariate analysis and ordered logistic regression models were used. Results Data were available for 686 Haitian infants [mean age: 2.9 (SD: 1.6) months] and 264 Dominican infants [mean age: 2.6 (SD: 1.6) months]. Haitian infants were more likely to be exclusively breastfed than Dominican infants, 41.3% versus 8.0%, at the time of the survey, and less likely to have been exposed to any prelacteal feeds, 20.1% versus 69.8%, respectively. Furthermore, Dominican infants were more likely to have been exposed to milk-based prelacteal feeds. Dominican status, any prelacteal feeds, and milk-based prelacteal feeds significantly and independently reduced the odds of breastfeeding exclusivity. Conclusions for Practice Identification of factors beyond prelacteal feeding are necessary to explain the substantially lower breastfeeding exclusivity in the DR compared to Haiti and to determine why so many Dominican infants are exposed to milk-based prelacteal feeds., Author(s): John D. McLennan [sup.1] [sup.2] , Hugues Sampasa-Kanyinga [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.22072.35, 0000 0004 1936 7697, Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, , Calgary, Canada (2) grid.414148.c, 0000 [...]

REPORT ON THE 27th ORNAC NATIONAL CONFERENCE: CHARTING THE FUTURE OF PERIOPERATIVE PRACTICE Au nom de l'Association des infirmières et infirmiers de salle d'opération du Canada (AIISOC), et surtout du [...]

This article examines examples of indigenous conceptions of well-being and locally meaningful forms of community development in the Pacific and considers how these coincide, or collide, with development driven by the private sector. The focus is on indigenous communities who live in the vicinity of large multinational corporations, using case studies from Papua New Guinea and Fiji. We investigate how communities' perceptions of well-being intersect with the concept of development as it emanates from the private sector. In order to do this, we explore how communities perceive well-being, what materializes as being significant to its achievement, and what this means in the presence of international capital. Ultimately the purpose of investigating these concepts is to establish a point of reference for considering the effectiveness and value of corporate community development intervention from a community perspective. KEYWORDS: well-being, community development, mining, tourism, the good life, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AND INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL Growth in the South Pacific tourism industry along with rising demand for mineral resources has led to increasing numbers of multinational corporations operating across the [...]

Purpose: Recent research on perception of emotionally charged material has found both an 'emotionality effect' in which participants respond differently to emotionally charged stimuli relative to neutral stimuli in some cognitive-linguistic tasks and a 'negativity bias' in which participants respond differently to negatively charged stimuli relative to neutral and positively charged stimuli. The current study investigated young adult listeners' bias when responding to neutralmeaning words in 2 tasks that varied attention to emotional intonation. Method: Half the participants completed a word identification task in which they were instructed to type a word they had heard presented binaurally through Sony stereo MDR-ZX100 headphones. The other half of the participants completed an intonation identification task in which they were instructed to use a SuperLab RB-740 button box to identify the emotional prosody of the same words over headphones. For both tasks, all auditory stimuli were semantically neutral words spoken in happy, sad, and neutral emotional intonations. Researchers measured percent correct and reaction time (RT) for each word in both tasks. Results: In the word identification task, when identifying semantically neutral words spoken in happy, sad, and neutral intonations, listeners' RTs to words in a sad intonation were longer than RTs to words in a happy intonation. In the intonation identification task, when identifying the emotional intonation of the same words spoken in the same emotional tones of voice, listeners' RTs to words in a sad intonation were significantly faster than those in a neutral intonation. Conclusions: Results demonstrate a potential attentional negativity bias for neutral words varying in emotional intonation. Such results support an attention-based theoretical account. In an intonation identification task, an advantage emerged for words in a negative (sad) intonation relative to words in a neutral intonation. Thus, current models of emotional speech should acknowledge the amount of attention to emotional content (i.e., prosody) necessary to complete a cognitive task, as it has the potential to bias processing., Optimal exchanges of information between humans often involve the communication of emotion through speech prosody. Despite the importance of emotional prosody in day-to-day speech communication, researchers have yet to fully [...]

When the price of crude oil plunged to $37.63 a barrel early in 2020, it was viewed as another blow to the fledgling recycled plastics market. After all, when used [...]

ABSTRACT. A Canadian Arctic-Subarctic Biogeoclimatic Ecosystem Classification (CASBEC) is proposed as a standardized classification approach for Subarctic and Arctic terrestrial ecosystems across Canada and potentially throughout the circumpolar area. The [...]

This article argues that while Anderson's films are often characterized as concerned with youth, this is inaccurate. Interactions between adults and young people are key. Focusing on Moonrise Kingdom (2012) and Rushmore (1998), it explores how a young man's coming of age prompts a crisis of maturity for male adults. It also considers aging in Anderson's oeuvre more widely, contending that Anderson's explorations of aging are ultimately conservative, prioritizing male experience and adulthood. KEYWORDS: adolescence, experience, gender, limits, rite of passage, ritual, teen film, WES ANDERSON'S MOONRISE Kingdom (2012) focuses on the romance between twelve-year-olds Sam Shakusky (Jared Gilman) and Suzy Bishop (Kara Hayward), who run away twice from their homes on the island [...]

In his essay Contre Sainte-Beuve, Proust asserts that the writing self is not to be identified with the writer as a social being. So it seems to me that he [...]

Author(s): Stuart McLennan [sup.1], David Shaw [sup.1], Leo Anthony Celi [sup.2] [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) 0000 0004 1937 0642, grid.6612.3, Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University of Basel, , Bernoullistrasse 28, [...]

In late December, in a remote New York state prison, some 80 inmates were released from the isolation cells in which they had been individually interred 24 hours a day, [...]

A plane is standing still in the air above the skyscrapers Emmanuel Hocquard, conditions of light --trans. Jean-Jacques Poucel 1. A shared experience does not necessarily mean shared response. His [...]

F. Scott Fitzgerald's short story 'The Curious Case of Benjamin Button' (1922) is told by an anonymous first-person narrator who recounts the life of Benjamin Button from his birth in [...]

Learning Objectives Upon completion of this activity, participants will be able to: 1. Distinguish patient factors associated with a higher risk for mortality from injection anthrax 2. Evaluate variables at [...]

Purpose The effect of advanced age per se versus severity of chronic and acute diseases on the short- and long-term survival of older patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) remains unclear. Methods Intensive care unit admissions to the surgical ICU and medical ICU of patients older than 65 years were analyzed. Patients were divided into three age groups: 65-74, 75-84, and 85 and above. The primary endpoints were 28-day and 1-year mortality. Results The analysis focused on 7,265 patients above the age of 65, representing 45.7 % of the total ICU population. From the first to third age group there was increased prevalence of heart failure (25.9-40.3 %), cardiac arrhythmia (24.6-43.5 %), and valvular heart disease (7.5-15.8 %). There was reduced prevalence of diabetes complications (7.5-2.4 %), alcohol abuse (4.1-0.6 %), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (24.4-17.4 %), and liver failure (5.0-1.0 %). Logistic regression analysis adjusted for gender, sequential organ failure assessment, do not resuscitate, and Elixhauser score found that patients from the second and third age group had odds ratios of 1.38 [95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.19-1.59] and 1.53 (95 % CI 1.29-1.81) for 28-day mortality as compared with the first age group. Cox regression analysis for 1-year mortality in all populations and in 28-day survivors showed the same trend. Conclusions The proportion of elderly patients from the total ICU population is high. With advancing age, the proportion of various preexisting comorbidities and the primary reason for ICU admission change. Advanced age should be regarded as a significant independent risk factor for mortality, especially for ICU patients older than 75., Author(s): Lior Fuchs [sup.1], Catherine E. Chronaki [sup.2], Shinhyuk Park [sup.3], Victor Novack [sup.1] [sup.4], Yael Baumfeld [sup.4], Daniel Scott [sup.5], Stuart McLennan [sup.6], Daniel Talmor [sup.1], Leo Celi [sup.7] [...]

Most spatial modelling of permafrost distribution and dynamics has been conducted at half-degree latitude/longitude or coarser resolution. Such coarse results are difficult to use for land managers and ecologists. Here we mapped permafrost distribution at 30m x 30m resolution for a region in the northwest Hudson Bay Lowlands using a process-based model. Land-cover types and leaf area indices were derived from Landsat imagery; peat thickness was estimated from elevation based on field measurements; and climate data were interpolated from station observations. The modelled active-layer thickness and permafrost extent compared well with field observations, demonstrating that modelling and mapping permafrost at a high spatial resolution is practical for terrains such as these lowlands. The map portrayed large variations in active-layer thickness, with land-cover type and peat thickness being the most important controlling variables. The modelled active-layer thickness on average increased by 37% during the twentieth century due to increases in air temperature and precipitation, and permafrost disappeared in some southern areas. The spatial scale of the permafrost maps developed in this study is close to that of the ecosystem and landscape features; therefore, the results are useful for land management and ecosystem assessment. La plus grande partie de la modelisation de la distribution et de la dynamique du pergelisol a ete effectuee a des resolutions d'un demi-degre de longitude/latitude ou a une resolution encore plus grossiere. Les specialistes en gestion des terres et les ecologistes trouvent de tels resultats a faible resolution difficiles a utiliser. Dans le present article, nous avons cartographie la distribution du pergelisol d'une region dans les basses-terres du nord-ouest de la baie d'Hudson a une resolution de 30m x 30m; nous avons utilise un modele base sur les processus. Les divers types de couverture vegetale et les indices de surface foliaire ont ete determines a partir d'imagerie Landsat; l'epaisseur de la tourbe a ete estimee a partir de l'elevation en se basant sur des mesures prises sur le terrain et les donnees climatiques ont ete interpolees a partir des observations aux stations meteorologiques. L'epaisseur de la couche active et l' etendue modelisees du pergelisol concordaient bien avec les observations sur le terrain, demontrant que la modelisation et la cartographie du pergelisol a une resolution spatiale elevee est pratique pour des terrains tels que ces basses-terres. La cartographie illustrait d'importantes variations dans l'epaisseur de la couche active : le type de couverture vegetale et l'epaisseur de la tourbe etant les variables qui exercaient le plus de controle. L'epaisseur modelisee de la couche active avait augmente de 37 % au cours du 20e siecle en raison de l'augmentation de la temperature de l'air et des precipitations; le pergelisol avait disparu dans certains secteurs plus au sud. L' echelle spatiale des cartes de pergelisol developpees dans la presente etude se rapproche de celle des caracteristiques des ecosystemes et du paysage; les resultats sont donc utiles a l'evaluation de la gestion du territoire et des ecosystemes. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction Climate warming at high latitudes during the twentieth century was about twice the global average (ACIA 2005). Associated increases in near-surface ground temperature and active-layer thickness (ALT) and, in [...]

Background/Objectives: In 2002, the prevalence of overweight and obesity, defined by body mass index (BMI), was higher in New Zealand Maori (40%) and Pacific (60%) than in European (24%) children;however, this does not take into account interethnic differences in body composition. This study compared trajectories of anthropometric indices from 2004 to 2006 among 5- and 10-year-old Maori and European children. Subjects/Methods: In 2004 and then in 2006, 1244 children (639 boys and 605 girls) aged 5 and 10 years had height, weight and fat-free mass (FFM) by bioimpedance measured to derive measures of fat mass (FM), percentage body fat (%BF), FM index (FMI, FM/height2), FFM index (FFMI, FFM/height2), and s.d. scores for BMI and %BF and BMI categories by International Obesity Task Force criteria. Results: Body composition and growth in Maori children is different from European children. Over 2 years, the BMI and %BF s.d. scores in both 5- and 10-year-old cohorts increased more in Maori children than in European children. The prevalence of overweight and obesity also increased within ethnicity and age group. The relative change of FMI and FFMI differed by age group, gender and ethnicity. In Maaori girls, the magnitude of the changes between 10 and 12 years of age was most marked--the major contribution was from an increase in FMI. At 12 years, the mean %BF of Maori girls was 31.7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 30.1 and 33.3) compared with that of European girls (28.0%;95% CI: 27.0 and 29.0). Conclusions: FM and FFM measures provide a more appropriate understanding of growth and body composition change in children than BMI, and vary with gender and ethnicity. Thus, FMI and FFMI should be tracked and compared among populations. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2012) 66, 143-149; doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2011.130; published online 20 July 2011 Keywords: childhood obesity;BMI;ethnicity;growth trajectories, Introduction Across the lifespan in New Zealand, there are clear disparities in health outcomes and body size differences between Maoris and Europeans: early stage obesity is evident in more Maori [...]

The question of whether divided government in the United States is good or bad cannot be answered with a simple yes or no. While decision-making under such circumstances is far [...]

CD147 is a highly glycosylated transmembrane protein that is known to play a role in regulation of many protein families. It has the unique ability to maintain functional activity in both the membrane bound state and in the soluble form. CD147 is known to play a role in regulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression, but whether its expression is affected by the diabetic milieu is not known, and its role in regulation of monocyte MMPs in this environment has not been investigated. Therefore, in this study we investigated the effect of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and high glucose (HG; 25 mM), on monocyte CD147 expression. Culture of THP-1 monocytes in the presence of AGEs or HG significantly increased CD147 at the gene and protein level. THP-1 cell results were confirmed using freshly isolated monocytes from human volunteers. The effect of AGEs and HG on CD147 expression was also mimicked by addition of proinflammatory cytokines. Addition of AGEs or HG also increased expression of monocyte MMP-1 and MMP-9 but not MMP-2. This increase in MMPs was significantly attenuated by inhibition of CD147 using either a small interfering RNA or an anti-CD147 antibody. Inhibition of NF-[kappa]B or addition of antibodies to either TNF-[alpha] or the receptor for AGE (RAGE) each significantly prevented in a dose-dependent manner the induction of CD147 gene and protein by AGE and also decreased MMP-1 and MMP-9. This novel result shows that AGEs can induce monocyte CD147 expression, an effect mediated by inflammatory pathways and RAGE. Because MMPs play a role in monocyte migration, inhibition of their regulator CD147 may assist in the prevention of diabetic complications, particularly those where monocyte infiltration is an early initiating event. matrix metalloproteinase doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00228.2010.