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This article explores the development of teaching identity among Teach for America (TFA) corps members through the use of storied experience. Grounded in a conceptual framework of intersectional identities, specifically Gee's notions of institution-identity and affinity-identity, we consider the storied experiences of two former classroom teachers (referred to as teacher leavers) who entered the profession through the TFA alternative certification pathway. Although bothteacher leavers followed the TFA pathway into the classroom and ultimately left teaching, they constructed their identities in unique and at times opposing ways, with consequences for their ultimate career pathways. We consider issues of resistance and return in examining the implications of TFA's identity model on the teachers themselves and the larger teaching profession., Introduction As teacher educators, we are often consumed by the goal of teacher identity development. Teacher identity, defined as one seeing one's self as a teacher, is of primary concern [...]

: Introduction: Most Zimbabweans access medical care through tiered health systems. In 2013, HIV care was decentralized to primary care clinics; while oncology care remained centralized. Most persons in Zimbabwe with Kaposi sarcoma (KS) are diagnosed late in their disease, and the prognosis is poor. Little is known about whether educational interventions could improve KS outcomes in these settings. Methods: Interventions to improve KS detection and management were evaluated at eight Zimbabwe primary care sites (four rural/four urban) that provided HIV care. Interventions included a standardized KS clinical evaluation tool, palliative care integration, standardized treatment and improved consultative services. Interventions were implemented between February 2013 and January 2016 using a randomized stepped‐wedge cluster design. Sites were monitored for KS diagnosis rates and KS outcomes, including early diagnosis (T0 vs. T1 tumour stage), participant retention and mortality. Analyses controlled for within‐clinic correlations. Results: A total of 1102 persons with suspected KS (96% HIV positive) were enrolled: 47% incident (new diagnosis), 20% prevalent (previous diagnosis) and 33% determined as not KS. Early (T0) diagnosis increased post‐intervention, though not significant statistically (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.48 [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.66–3.79], p = 0.37). New KS diagnosis rates increased 103% (95% CI: 11–273%), p = 0.02) post‐intervention; although paired with an increased odds of incorrectly diagnosing KS (aOR = 2.08 [95% CI: 0.33–3.24], p = 0.001). Post‐intervention, non‐significant decreases in 90‐day return rates (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 0.69 [95% CI: 0.38–1.45], p = 0.21) and survival (aHR = 1.36 [95% CI: 0.85–2.20], p = 0.20) were estimated. Conclusions: KS training interventions at urban and rural Zimbabwe decentralized primary care clinics significantly increased overall and incorrect KS diagnosis rates, but not early KS diagnosis rates, 90‐day return rates or survival., INTRODUCTION Despite the rollout of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in 2004, AIDS‐associated Kaposi sarcoma (AIDS‐KS) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Zimbabwe [1, 2]. Late presentation of disease, [...]

Since their inception, virtual reference services have evolved considerably and are now a significant component of library services in many types of library environments. The current paper reports on a [...]

The adsorption of CO molecules onto small metal clusters was studied using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and experimental electrochemical and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (ATRFTIR) techniques were used to examine CO adsorbed onto nanostructures of similar composition. The adsorption strengths and CO vibrational stretching frequencies were calculated and analyzed for clusters of the form M-CO for all of the period 4, 5, and 6 d-block transition metals. A direct link between the [v.sub.CO] and the population of d orbitals of the metal was observed. All possible binding sites for CO on clusters of the form [Pd.sub.4]-CO, [Pd.sub.2][Pt.sub.2]-CO, and [Pd.sub.2][Au.sub.2]-CO were determined and the corresponding adsorption energies and CO stretching frequencies were examined. Pure Pd and bimetallic PdPt and PdAu nanostructures were fabricated and used as catalysts for the adsorption and electrochemical oxidation of CO. The relative quantities of CO molecules adsorbed to surface of the catalysts decrease in the order of PdPt > Pd > PdAu, consistent with our DFT results. The location of [v.sub.CO] bands of CO adsorbed onto the nanostructured catalysts were determined by means of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and were found to have values close to that predicted by DFT. This paper shows that DFT calculations on very small metal clusters [M.sub.n]-CO (n ≤ 4) can be a simple but effective way of screening catalysts for their adsorbing properties. Key words: carbon monoxide, nanoparticles, metal clusters, DFT calculations, CO adsorption. On a etudie l'adsorption de molecules de CO sur de petits agregats metalliques en utilisant des calculs theoriques sur la base de la theorie de la fonctionnelle de la densite. D'un point de vue experimental, on a utilise des techniques electrochimiques et de la spectroscopie infrarouge a transformee de Fourier avec reflexion totale attenuee pour etudier l'adsorption du CO sur des nanostructures de compositions semblables. On a calcule et analyse les forces d'adsorption et les frequences d'elongation vibrationnelles du CO pour des agregats de la forme M-CO pour tous les elements de transition des blocs 4, 5 et 6 d. On a observe une relation directe entre la valeur de [v.sub.CO] et la population des orbitales d du metal. On a determine tous les sites de liaison possibles pour le CO sur des agregats de la forme [Pd.sub.4]-CO, [Pd.sub.2][Pt.sub.2]-CO et [Pd.sub.2][Au.sub.2]-CO et on a examine les energies d'adsorption correspondantes et les frequences d'elongation du CO. On a prepare les nanostructures de palladium pur ainsi que les structures bimetalliques PdPd et PdAu et elles ont ete utilisees pour la reaction d'adsorption et d'oxydation electrochimique du CO. Les quantites relatives de molecules de CO adsorbees sur la surface des catalyseurs diminue dans l'ordre PdPt > Pd > PdAu, en accord avec les resultats des calculs a base de la theorie de la fonctionnelle de la densite (TFD). On a determine la position des bandes, vCO, du CO adsorbe sur les catalyseurs a nanostructures en faisant appel a la spectroscopie infrarouge a transformee de Fourier avec reflexion totale attenuee et on a trouve que ces valeurs sont proches de celles predites par les calculs de la TFD. Dans ce travail, on montre que des calculs selon la TFD sur de tres petits agregats metalliques [M.sub.n]-CO (n [less than or equal to] 4) peuvent s'averer etre une methode simple et efficace d'evaluer les proprietes absorbantes de catalyseurs. Mots-cles : monoxyde de carbone, nanoparticules, agregats metalliques, calcules d'apres la theorie de la fonctionnelle de la densite (TFD), adsorption du CO. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction Carbon monoxide adsorption on metallic nanoparticles has been extensively investigated because of its importance in the water-gas shift reaction, in emission control, and in fuel cell reactions. (1) In [...]

A new synthetic route to mononitrated oligothiophenes is described, as well as the preparation of halogenated derivatives (Br, I) thereof. An unusual deep red colour is observed and explained, with the aid of DFT calculations, as arising from a significant quinoidal contribution to the molecular structure. The crystal structures of two compounds, H[([C.sub.4][H.sub.2]S).sub.3]N[O.sub.2] and Br([C.sub.4][H.sub.2]S)3N[O.sub.2], are presented. Both compounds have planar sheets held together by intermolecular short contacts (hydrogen bonds and, for the latter, N[O.sub.2] ... Br interactions); the sheets do not directly superimpose, so the effect of the π-stacking is not maximized. Solid-state fluorescence and extended-Huckel band-structure calculations are also presented for these materials. Key words: oligothiophene, organic semiconductor, crystal structure, band structure, nitro-substitution. On decrit une nouvelle methode generale de synthese des oligothiophenes mononitres ainsi que la preparation de leurs derives bromes et iodes. On a observe une couleur rouge fonce inhabituelle et, en se basant sur des calculs de la theorie de la fonctionnelle de la densite (TFD), on suggere qu'elle resulte d'une importante contribution quinonoidale a la structure moleculaire. On a determine les structures cristallines des deux composes H[([C.sub.4][H.sub.2]S).sub.3]N[O.sub.2] et Br[([C.sub.4][H.sub.2]S).sub.3]N[O.sub.2]. Les deux composes se presenten sous la forme de feuillets plans maintenus en place par des contacts intermoleculaires courts (liaisons hydrogenes et, dans le deuxieme cas, interactions N[O.sub.2] ... Br); les feuillets ne sont pas directement superposes et il en resulte que l'effet de superposition π n'est pas maximise. On rapporte aussi les resultats obtenus pour la fluorescence a l'etat solide de ces materiaux ainsi que les calculs etendus de Huckel de leur structure de bande. Mots-cles: oligothiophene, semiconducteur organique, structure cristalline, structure de bande, substitution par un groupe nitro. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction Organic materials are carbon-based small molecules or polymers with interesting electronic properties. Two of the most studied organic semiconductors are the oligothiophenes (1-3) and the acenes. (4) The promise [...]

It is estimated that most colon cancers can be attributed to dietary causes. We have hypothesized that diet influences the health of the colonic mucosa through interaction with the microbiota and that it is the milieu interior that regulates mucosal proliferation and therefore cancer risk. To validate this further, we compared colonic contents from healthy 50- to 65-y-old people from populations with high and Iow risk, specifically Iow risk Native Africans (cancer incidence doi: 10.3945/jn.109.104380

It is possible to define an organization's culture in terms of its dominant behavioral practices and their molar consequences, from the shop floor to the executive suite (Redmon & Mason, 2001). Dysfunctional and potentially deadly practices (for the organization as a whole) can be 'latent.' They often go undetected until their dramatic consequences are overtly manifest. For example, leadership of Alaska Airlines appeared to have had no idea how dangerous their aircraft maintenance practices were prior to the notorious crash of Alaska Airlines' Flight 261 (Mawhinney, 2007, National Transportation Safety Board, 2002) in which 88 people perished. Similarly, the leadership of Barings Bank either had no idea that their high performing trader in Singapore, Nick Leeson, was about to kill the company until the deed was done (Leeson, 1996). This was in spite of the fact that some of the managers above Leeson were believed to have poorly fulfilled their responsibilities to limit the bank's financial risks (Lesson, 1996). The concepts of latent dysfunctional and latent deadly practices are developed in ways that can guide behavior systems analysts interested in identifying and replacing such practices with functional practices. KEYWORDS behavior systems analysis, BSA, deadly, dysfunctional, functional, OBM, organizational practices

A screening technique has been developed that allows the rapid, real-time detection and identification of major transformation products of organic contaminants during aqueous oxidation experiments. In this technique, a target contaminant is dissolved in buffered water and chlorinated by the addition of sodium hypochlorite to give a free chlorine residual of 3 mg/L. Solution from the reaction vessel is combined with methanol and pumped directly into the electrospray ionization source of a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (QTOF MS). The real-time decay of the target contaminant and the formation/ decay of transformation products are then monitored using the QTOF MS. Subsequently, accurate mass measurements with internal mass calibration ( < 5 ppm mass error) and product ion scans are employed to identify these transformation products. Unlike other techniques, it requires no liquid chromatography, derivatization, or quenching of residual chlorine, all of which can interfere with transformation product analysis. To validate the technique, aqueous chlorination experiments were performed on triclosan, a previously studied environmental contaminant. Earlier research showing that triclosan underwent chlorine addition to form mono- and dichlorinated transformation products was successfully reproduced, demonstrating the feasibility of the technique. In addition, the technique revealed the formation of a stable oxygen radical-containing transformation product resulting from the oxidation of either mono- or dichlorinated triclosan. This triclosan transformation product was determined to have an empirical formula of [C.sub.12][H.sub.4][O.sub.3][Cl.sub.4] with 3.9 ppm mass error. Furthermore, atorvastatin, a commonly prescribed medication and environmental contaminant, was subjected to aqueous chlorination and studied with the technique. Atorvastatin underwent hydroxylation to form two transformation products with the empirical formulas [C.sub.33][H.sub.34][FN.sub.2][O.sub.6] (1.8 ppm mass error) and [C.sub.26][H.sub.29][O.sub.5]NF (2.9 ppm mass error).

The effects of substitution on the [super 13]C chemical shifts in nitrilimines are examined. The analysis of the [super 13]C chemical shifts has shown that an increase in the dipolar character of nitrilimines has induced a shielding at the carbon nucleus, while an increase in allenic or carbenic character has caused deshielding.

The modern quantum-chemical methods in the form of the B3LYP approach were used to study the lithium hexamethyldisilazide (LiHMDS), a prototypical and relatively simple lithium amide complex. The highest possible degree of aggregation for unsolvated LiHMDS was found to be four and in nonpolar solvents, formation of the LiHDMs dimer from the trimer is thermodynamically preferred which involves an intermediate tetramer.

The transmission of the prion disease bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) to humans raises concern about chronic wasting disease (CWD), a prion disease of deer and elk. In 7 Colorado counties [...]

This paper describes and experimentally demonstrates the main tenets of an operant theory of leadership. Leadership is characterized in the current paper as involving problem solving operant behavior (Cerutti, 1989; Skinner, 1969) in a social context (Skinner, 1953). The theory was assessed under two experimental analogs modeled from generic formal organizational bureaucratic leader-follower role relations. Under a minimal leadership contingency (MLC) leaders and followers in N = 4 dyads interacted via button pressing and trigger pulling responses, respectively, and they received feedback on counters located on response panels in their separate rooms. Under the MLC every leader button press added a point worth money to one of the follower' s counters but the leader received no points worth money based on follower responses. A leadership contingency (LC) was identical to the MLC except that for every 19th follower trigger pull the leader received a point worth money. As anticipated, high rates of leader-follower interaction evolved in all dyads under the LC and appreciably lower rates occurred under the MLC as leader button pressing extinguished under the MLC with repeated exposures to the two contingencies presented in ABABAB fashion. Results were discussed in terms of the theory and data as they may be related to assessment and maintenance of leader-follower interactions and performance in OBM lab and field experiments. KEYWORDS. Operant theory, superior-subordinate dyads, operant behavior, leadership, effective leadership, mutual reinforcement, follower performance, leadership contingencies

The [3+2] and [1+2] cycloaddition pathways between ethene and a series of 13 nitrilimines ([R.sub.1]CNN[R.sub.2]) have been examined by density functional theory [PBE0/6-311++G(2df, pd)] calculations. All reactions have low barriers ranging from 14.14 ([R.sub.1] = C[H.sub.3], [R.sub.2] = H) to 1.01 ([R.sub.1] = [R.sub.2] = F) kcal [mol.sup.-1], and large reaction exothermicities consistent with the transient nature of nitrilimines. The [3+2] and [1+2] transition-state structures are very similar, mainly differing in the relative orientation of their fragments and the newly forming C--C bond distance, and exhibit only minor deviations from the structures of the reactants. Both reaction pathways are concerted and asynchronous, but the [1+2] reaction has a greater degree of asynchronicity. Examination of the frontier molecular orbitals reveals that both the [3+2] and [1+2] barrier heights are related to two sets of orbital interactions, with the interaction between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital [π.sup.NN.sub.5] of nitrilimine and the highest occupied molecular orbital of ethene in common. The second interaction in both cases is carbene-like. A relationship between the weights of the 1,3-dipolar resonance contribution in the various nitrilimines and the corresponding [3+2] barrier heights was not found, but a good correlation could be found between the [1+2] barrier heights and both the 1,3-dipolar and carbene contributions. Inspection of the potential energy surface in the vicinity of the two transition states for the reaction between unsubstituted nitrilimine and ethene suggests that the observed [3+2] product is a result of an initial carbene-like approach of the two fragments followed by a ridge bifurcation that leads to the [3+2] product minimum. Key words: nitrilimines, 1,3-dipole, carbene, [3+2] cycloaddition, [1+2] cycloaddition, density functional theory (DFT). Les reactions de cycloaddition [3+2] et [1+2] entre l'ethene et une serie de treize nitrilimines ([R.sub.1]CNN[R.sub.2]) ont ete etudiees par calculs de theorie de la fonctionelle de densite [PBE0/6-311++G(2df, pd)]. Les reactions sont caraterisees par des barrieres variant de 14,14 ([R.sub.1] = C[H.sub.3], [R.sub.2] = H) a 1,01 ([R.sub.1] = [R.sub.2] = F) kcal [mol-.sup.1] et une forte exothermicite qui reflete la nature transitoire des nitrilimines. La structure des etats de transition, tres proche de celle des reactifs, est tres semblable pour les reactions de cycloaddition [3+2] et [1+2] et ne differe que par l'orientation relative des fragments et par la longueur de la liaison C--C qui se forme au cours de la traction. Les deux chemins de reactions sont concertes et aynchrones, avec une asynchronicite plus prononcee pour la reaction [1+2]. Les orbitales moleculaires frontieres demontrent que les barrieres de reaction [3+2] et [1+2] sont reliees a deux groupes d'interactions orbitalaires qui ont en commun l'interaction entre la plus basse orbitale moleculaire inoccupee [π.sup.NN.sub.5] de la nitrilimine et la plus haute orbitale moleculaire occupre de l'ethene. La seconde interaction est de type carbine pour les deux reactions. Une correlation entre la contribution de la forme de resonance 1,3-dipolaire des nitrilimines et les barrieres de reaction [3+2] correspondantes n'a pu etre trouvee. Par contre, une forte correlation est observre entre les barrieres de reaction [1+2] et les contributions 1,3-dipolaires et carbeniques. L'examen de la surface d'energie potentielle et proximite des deux etats de transition de la traction entre la nitrilimine non-substituee et l'ethene suggere que le produit [3+2] resulte d'une approche initiale des deux fragments de type carbenique, suivie d'une bifurcation a la crete de la surface qui conduit au minimum d'energie potentielle du produit [3+2]. Mots cles : nitrilimines, 1,3-dipolaire, carbene, cycloaddition [3+2], cycloaddition [1+2], theorie de la fonctionelle de densite., Introduction The addition of a 1,3-dipole, a system of three atoms over which four π electrons are distributed, to a dipolarophile, typically an alkene or alkyne, is the most commonly [...]

The use of the PBE0 hybrid density functional theory method in conjunction with the COSMO solvation model allowed us to reproduce, both qualitatively and quantitatively, the experimentally observed conformational compositions of 2-substituted and 2,7-disubstituted methylenecyclohexanes. An analysis revealed several different interactions that influence the overall equilibrium. It was found that the endo (general) anomeric effect plays a significant role in the equilibrium and that the "unsaturation effect" possibly comprises two effects. Key words: conformational analysis, methylenecyclohexanes, anomeric effect, unsaturation effect.

Objectives. We designed an Internet-based surveillance network that linked community clinic diagnoses with viral isolation rates and admission patterns at a related children&apos;s hospital. We hypothesized that community surveillance would successfully predict subsequent hospital admissions and laboratory viral isolations. Secondarily, we expected the network to monitor trends in disease and that posting this information on a Web site would be useful to physicians in dally practice. Study Design. Data were collected from December 1999 through August 2000. Information was summarized and posted weekly on a Web site. Active public piloting of the site took place during August 2000, after which the project was evaluated through an electronic mail survey. The predictive ability of the community surveillance data was evaluated by multivariate linear regression. Results. Increases in the community diagnosis of most syndromes under surveillance, including lower respiratory infections (adjusted [R.sup.2] = 0.7086) and gastroenteritis (adjusted [R.sup.2] = 0.6532) successfully predicted an increase in subsequent hospital admissions. Community surveillance also successfully predicted laboratory isolation of associated viral organisms. Physicians completing the evaluation (N = 11) indicated that the site provided information useful in daily practice for both physician and parent education. Conclusions. An Internet-based surveillance network linking a hospital with community physicians is beneficial to the hospital in predicting waves of severe cases requiring admission and reciprocally provides useful information to physicians in daily practice regarding the incidence and cause of seasonal disease in the community. Pediatrics 2002;109:414-418; communicable disease, computer communication networks, surveillance, viral illness, seasonal illness., Physicians in individual or small group practices cannot afford to identify the cause of all apparent viral illnesses in their patient population because of inadequate resources. Parents are often told, [...]

'La Disparition' is discussed as a key text in the literary oeuvre of Georges Perec. The influence of Perec's work as an archivist for a neurophysiological research laboratory is highlighted.

A personal experience in the development of Teacher Learning Groups is related.

Research has been conducted on the human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The synthesis of the sulfated monosaccharides and the investigation of their role in the clinical isolates growth are discussed.

This monograph reviews seven field studies that evaluated behavior-based interventions designed to increase safe-driving practices of pizza deliverers. Intervention strategies focused primarily on variations of goal-setting and feedback techniques, including: (a) nonnumerical goals in an awareness and promise card intervention; (b) nonnumerical goals mandated as company policy; (c) participative and assigned group goal setting paired with feedback; (d) group goal setting and feedback with added public individualized feedback; (e) individualized feedback and competition; and (f) private individualized feedback paired with dynamic, static, or dynamic and static goals. An additional intervention evaluated a community program in which pizza deliverers acted as behavior change agents for safety-belt use. Two models of intervention effectiveness were evaluated for their ability to help practitioners design interventions that maximize both short-term and long-term impacts as well as desirable response generalization. The amounts of individual involvement, peer support, response information, and external consequences influenced the beneficial impacts of the interventions. Additionally, maintenance of behavior change after the interventions were withdrawn varied directly with the degree of peer support and involvement in the interventions' designs. Employee involvement increased the amount of desirable response generalization while external consequences seemed to be associated with undesirable spread of effect presumed to be countercontrol.

Pellets cannot be used to accurately evaluate the impact of gull depredation on Common Eider ducklings, according to research using eider ducklings fitted with radio transmitters. This research, undertaken on the Wolves Archipelago, near Beaver Harbour, New Brunswick, Canada, quantified the efficacy of pellets in determining predation rates on radio-tagged Common Eider ducklings by Great Black-backed Gulls under a range of conditions. It was found that traditional methods of estimating the number of eider ducklings killed by gulls underestimate the true number killed by a factor of 5-17.

Using operant reinforcement terms and concepts, two of Deming's 14 principles of management were interpreted and evaluated: (a) drive 'fear' out of the workplace and (b) don't use performance quotas. Compatibility was recognized between Deming's 'fear' principle and Skinner's contention that 'aversive' work place contingencies are dysfunctional while dysfunctional effects can be reduced by introducing contingencies of positive reinforcement. Deming and Skinner indicate that 'fear' or 'aversive' conditions in the work place evoke 'countercontrol behavior' that can result in reduced performance. A field experiment in which complex reward schedules modeled from operant schedules of reinforcement comprised a performance improvement intervention among N = 14 telemarketers was described. Individual telemarketer performance data provided evidence of countercontrol by two telemarketers in response to a quota system and performance improvements among all telemarketers during the intervention. Implications of observed results for the following were discussed: (a) validity of advice Deming and Skinner offered supervisors and managers, and (b) subsequent research regarding conditions under which countercontrol is evoked and its consequences. Keywords: Telemarketers, countercontrol, establishing operations, contingency specifying statements, individual quotas, group goals, group quotas, incentive lottery/raffle, performance feedback, performance improvement

A study investigated the issue of the influence of data handling methodology in the speed and accuracy of intervention identification among organizational behavioral management experts that are presented with data from N = 1 time series experiments. Findings clearly underscore the critical role played in determining conclusions drawn from field experimental data by the establishment of good baseline data prior to interventions.

Objective - To determine differences in dietary intake, resting energy expenditure, activity level, fat-free mass, and percentage body and abdominal fat in nonobese children of obese mothers compared with nonobese children of nonobese mothers. Design - Cross-sectional comparison study. Children's food diaries were analyzed to determine average energy and nutrient content. Resting energy expenditure of children was measured by means of indirect calorimetry. Children's activity levels were estimated through questionnaires administered during interviews. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to estimate body composition of children. Subjects - Mothers of subjects responded to advertisements and were recruited as nonobese (body mass index = 20 to 25) or obese (body mass index ≥ 30). Offspring included in the study were prepubertal and nonobese (10th to 90th percentile of weight for height by gender). Twelve pairs of children could be matched for weight, gender, and age. Statistical analysis performed - Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used to determine differences between the 2 groups of children. Results - Percentage abdominal fat was greater (median difference = 3.15, P = .001) and fat-free mass was lower (median difference = l. 19, P = .04) in children of obese mothers compared with children of nonobese mothers. No statistically significant differences between the 2 groups of children were found for dietary intake, resting energy expenditure, activity level, or percentage body fat. Applications/conclusions - The significantly higher percentage of abdominal fat and lower fat-free mass in children of obese mothers may contribute to obesity onset. Use of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry as a screening tool for nonobese, prepubertal children with an obese parent will help to identify those at risk. Education and lifestyle changes can then be implemented to help prevent the onset of obesity., Childhood is a critical time for developing healthful attitudes and behavior patterns related to food choices and physical activity. In the past decade, the prevalence of obesity in children has [...]

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation, the process whereby nitrogen-fixing bacteria enter into associations with plants, provides the major source of nitrogen for the biosphere. Nitrogenase, a bacterial enzyme, catalyzes the reduction of atmospheric dinitrogen to ammonium. In rhizobia-leguminous plant symbioses, the current model of nitrogen transfer from the symbiotic form of the bacteria, called a bacteroid, to the plant is that nitrogenase-generated ammonia diffuses across the bacteroid membrane and is assimilated into amino acids outside of the bacteroid. We purified soybean nodule bacteroids by a procedure that removed contaminating plant proteins and found that alanine was the major nitrogen-containing compound excreted. Bacteroids incubated in the presence of 15[N.sub.2] excreted alanine highly enriched in 15N. The ammonium in these assays neither accumulated significantly nor was enriched in 15N. The results demonstrate that a transport mechanism rather than diffusion functions at this critical step of nitrogen transfer from the bacteroids to the plant host. Alanine may serve only as a transport species, but this would permit physiological separation of the transport of fixed nitrogen from other nitrogen metabolic functions commonly mediated through glutamate.

Teachers and administrators are often directed to distance themselves from the children in their charge. Despite the land mines that accompany personal relationships with students, Mr. Mawhinney and Ms. Sagan [...]

The characterization of derivatives based on the bifunctional heterocycle benzo(1,2-d:4,5-d')bis-(1,2,3-dithiazole) or (BB-123-DTA) was undertaken to determine the structural and redox properties of 1,2,3-DTAs. X-ray diffraction was used to determine the crystal and molecular structures, and internal bond lengths consistent with a quinoid formulation were exhibited.

The use of overtime is costly, in both monetary and human terms, to an organization. Overtime use can be thought of as a survival-related metacontingency, and its presence can negatively affect an organization's viability. Numerous organizational attempts to reduce overtime costs while improving or maintaining staffing are chronicled. Socially valid issues such as quality of services rendered are left unanswered.

Crystals of the heterocyclic diradical benzo-1,2:4,5-bis(1,3,2-dithiazolyl) (BBDTA) were grown and characterized. X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed that the compound consists of discrete, unassociated molecules that form slipped stacks along the x direction, with the molecular plane making an angle of 32.4 degrees to the x axis. Electron resonance spectrometry showed signals characteristic of partially associated materials and free diradicals. It was also indicated by ab initio calculations that there is a small separation between the triplet and singlet diradical states, measuring approximately 0.5 kcal/mol. Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicated that BBDTA is diamagnetic.

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was found to be a useful method in the measurement of 39 of the 46 nitrogen- and phosphorus-containing pesticides listed under the US EPA Method 507. Thirty-four and 39 pesticides, respectively, were measured at levels lower than the EPA method detection limits and precision requirements, when analyzed by SPME and gas-liquid chromatography using a nitrogen-phosphorus detector and mass spectrometry.

The eradication process of the bovine spongiform encephalopathy epidemic in British cattle suggests the slaughter of a large number of cattle. The epidemic is on the decline, with infection due to contaminated feed being almost nil, and that due to maternal transmission under control. The epidemic is predicted to fade to extinction by 2001 in the absence of a calculated optimal culling policy and a maternal targeted policy. Research also proposes a link between BSE and the human Creutzfeldt Jakob disease.

4,4'-bis(1,2,3,5-dithiadiazolium) dichloride is produced in moderate yield by the condensation of oxamidrazone with sulfur dichloride in acetonitrile. The salt is then reduced by means of triphenylantimony to yield the diradical 4,4'-bis(1,2,3,5-dithiadiazolyl)(S2N2C-CN2S2). Studies show that this radical is disjoint and possesses a very small energy gap between the triplet and diradical singlet states regardless of the torsion angle about the central C-C bond.

The evolution of organizational cultural practices is explained in terms of concepts derived from biology, anthropology and behavior analysis. Natural selection is the dominant concept used to explain human behavior within organizations differing only through culture. A multi-disciplinary approach provides a theoretical framework to explain naturalselection within the organization.