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The differing work force participation rates of white versus minority women are discussed, focusing on the lack of research on African American, Hispanic, Asian American, and Native American working women. Topics include occupational distribution, pay gap between minority and white women, and employment predictions for minority women.

Economist Phyllis Ann Wallace decided to major in economics because of a Maryland law that paid out-of-state educational costs. She received a PhD in economics from Yale University in 1948. Wallace experienced discrimination as an African American woman in economics, but she showed no bitterness. Wallace, who once worked in government intelligence, was known for her work on the workplace, race and international trade. Her intelligence work and her status as an African American female economist kept her isolated from others. Wallace, who broke stereotypes, died on Jan 10, 1993.

Cities are important as centers for universities and financial institutions. Museums, theaters and other cultural centers are often located there. But citizens of many cities are mainly black or brown. Government neglect, flight of the more affluent citizens and loss of jobs and taxes have produced a social and economic crisis in these urban areas. The economic activity as a result of so-called urban riots does not always benefit the poor as land changes hands under the various programs. Removal of the urban poor through gentrification and decentralization of schools are analyzed as part of a power struggle for the control of the valuable cities.

Anita Hill was verbally abused by Senators Dennis DeConcini, Specter, Hatch, Dogget and Simpson when she testified to sexual harassment charges against Clarence Thomas. Black women who saw her not as a sister but as a symbol of the courage they did not have to speak out against the abuses they faced from men were critical of her. Hill received support from white women who contributed to the ad placed by the African American Women in Defense of women in general for deterioration of the family despite the fact that women continued to work for very low wages.

The reason why most African American studies programs have little or, at times, no economic content in spite of the presence of an economics program prevailing at the institution is addressed. Policy implications and the development and disintegration of African American entrepreneurship are explored.

Veteran journalist Charlayne Hunter-Gault was one of the first two African Americans to attend the University of Georgia in 1961. Hamilton Holmes and Hunter-Gault had their admission to college delayed [...]

Wisdom is the finest beauty of a person. Money does not prevent you from becoming blind. Money does not prevent you from becoming mad. Money does not prevent you from [...]

If you asked me a year ago about my travel plans, I'd have offered destinations like Ghana, Brazil and South Africa. Somehow, though, I found myself traveling to Oslo, Norway, [...]

Excuse me if I am not charmed by President George W. Bush's self-deprecating good humor. When he pokes fun at himself, in my opinion, he is also letting others know [...]

Unemployment rates have risen as the economy has soured, with the Black unemployment rate spiking higher than others. In early April, we learned that while the White unemployment rate was [...]

The U.S. Census Bureau started releasing 2000 data in March. While demographic data is usually lackluster and mind numbing, this time around headlines about population data resembles that which you [...]

In his briefing to the Senate Banking Committee last month, Federal Reserve Board Chairman Alan Greenspan said that while the economy is slowing, economic futures remain bright because productivity continues [...]

Anyone who lacks a compelling reason to study African American history need only review last year's debacle, also known as the presidential election, to be reminded that those who forget [...]

What will the George W. Bush presidency mean for educational issues? Whatever he does, we know the voucher issue is high on his agenda. Conservatives aren't the only ones to [...]

A week or so ago, I had drifted off to sleep watching some budget hearing on C-SPAN, and when I awoke the hearing was over and a panel of four […]

This fall has brought news that economic expansion may finally be trickling down to those at the bottom of our nation's economy. The poverty rate, at 11.8 percent, is at [...]

As young people begin their trek back to school this fall, too many of them will be going to crowded and run-down classrooms. A full third of all public schools [...]

The conventional political wisdom about the major political parties is that Republicans ignore African Americans, and Democrats take us for granted. Thus, 84 percent of us voted Democratic in 1996, [...]

Four gaps define the African American economic experience for me -- the income gap, the Digital Divide (or access gap), the credit gap and the education gap. In terms of [...]

Rosa M. Jones, the 72-year-old mother of five children, received a Bachelor of Science degree in interdisciplinary studies from Norfolk State University in December 1999. Her accomplishment would have been [...]

May 17 was the 47th anniversary of the historic Supreme Court finding in Brown vs. Board of Education. That finding was, of course, more than a simple court ruling. It […]

"Is it right for a college or university to give preferential treatment to some minorities in the admissions process even if it means taking away opportunities from other qualified applicants?" […]

A few weeks ago, a newly minted dot-com millionaire opined in The New York Times that higher education was hardly necessary. Why not put it all on the Internet, he [...]

While it is trite to describe the massacre of Amadou Diallo as a 'teachle moment,' the educator in me seeks to gain something from the tragic killing of an innocent [...]

In preparation for a Black History Month celebration at the Federal Aviation Administration, I probed over a series of books in search for a metaphor that both reflected the theme [...]

I was browsing at a bookstore the other day when a young brother, an engineering graduate of an historically Black college, walked up behind me with a group of his [...]

What has 20th century meant for African American women in higher education? Over a steaming cup of tea, I smile as I fall into the trap of naming names and [...]

Are you tired of the new millenium yet? Lord knows I am. Tired of conferences predicting the status of African Americans in the new millennium, the status of education in [...]

Autumn brings us changing leaves, but also brings the opportunity to review some of the myths that lie at the heart of our nation's foundation. It offers the opportunity, in [...]

One of my great-aunts, Annie Mae Randall, is as devoted to higher education as any Southern sister. She used to take the bus from Mississippi to Los Angeles every summer [...]

Perhaps because we are racing toward a new millennium burdened by the problems of the last century or so, analysts are dissecting the new divides without coming to grips with [...]

If you drive south on U.S. Route 95 from Washington, D.C., you'll start to see the Confederate flag being used for all kinds of reasons. Some retailers use it to [...]

This summer, hundreds of thousands of high-school juniors will, enroll in SAT coaching courses. They II do it because they know that a three- or four-digit number that ranges from [...]

In mid-July, I will step down as president of one of our nation's oldest African American women's organizations, then National Association of Negro Business and Professional Women's Clubs, Incorporated. Our [...]

Ignorance is bliss, especially in historical context. This is why so many Americans seem so extraordinarily moved by the 'ethnic cleansing' that is taking place in Kosovo. The killings of [...]

Washington, D.C., is such a racial hotbed that when a White man uses the word 'niggardly' -- Teutonically speaking, of course -- the Black man whose ears were boxed by [...]