1. Display activity and foraging costs of a frugivorous lekking bird/Atividade de display e custo de f[alpha]rrageamento de uma ave frugivora com sistema reprodutivo de lek
- Author
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Cestari, Cesar, Pizo, Marco Aurelio, and Loiselle, Bette A.
- Subjects
International Business Machines Corp. ,Computer industry -- Physiological aspects -- Economic aspects ,Food -- Physiological aspects -- Economic aspects ,Sexual intercourse ,Displays (Marketing) ,Natural selection ,Fruits (Food) ,Food supply ,Local food ,Anopheles ,Proxy ,Computer industry ,Microcomputer industry ,Biological sciences - Abstract
Sexual success of males in lek breeding systems is often determined by display activities that require high energetic costs and may represent honest signals of male quality to females. In this context, manakins (Aves, Pipridae) evolved behavioral, morphological, and physiological adaptations that enable complex display maneuvers, and a high rate of fruit ingestion is needed to cope with the energetic costs of lekking activities. We examined the relationship between different displays (rolled-snaps, flights-down, and snap-jumps) and fruit consumption (a proxy for energy intake) by White-bearded Manakin males (Manacus manacus). We conducted a fruit supplementation experiment and recorded male displays in 23 arenas on 5 leks in southeastern Brazil. The flight-down was the display most related to fruit consumption (and energy refueling) by males of the While-bearded Manakin. This display seems to be decisive to the mating success of Manacus males; once inside a lek area, females are driven to display arenas by flights-down of males as an obligatory stage before copulation. This study opens a promising avenue for further field experiments designed to test how local food resources differentially impact display behavior among males in leks. Received 24 May 2017. Accepted 10 October 2017.Key words: frugivory, leks, male display, Manacus, sexual selection.O succsso sexual de machos no sistema reprodutivo de lek e frequentemente determinado por exibicoes que rcquerem um alto custo energetico e que podem representar sinais honestos de qualidade para as femeas. Neste contexto, os tangaras (Aves, Pipridae) evoluiram adaptacoes comportamentais, morfologicas e fisiologicas que permitem complexas manobras de exibicoes, e uma alta taxa de ingestao de frutos e necessaria para atingir os custos energeticos em suas atividades. Nos avaliamos a relacao entre diferentes atividades de exibicao (rolled-snaps, flights down e jump-snaps) e o consumo de frutos (e suposta energia ganha) de rendeiras machos (Manacus manacus). Nos conduzimos um experimento com oferecimento de frutos em arenas de exibicoes de 23 machos em cinco areas de lek no sudeste do Brasil. Flight-down e a manobra de exibicao mais plausivel relacionada ao consumo de frutos (e reabastecimento energetico) por machos de M. manacus. A importancia desta atividade de exibicao parece ser decisiva para o sucesso reprodutivo de machos: uma vez dentro da area de lek, as femeas sao direcionadas para arenas de exibicao com os voos direcionados (flights-down) de machos como uma etapa obrigatoria antes do acasalamento. Este estudo abre um campo promissor de experimentos desenhados para testar como recursos alimentares locais influcneiam diretamente exibicoes de machos em areas de lek.Palavras chavc: exibicao de machos, frugivoria, leks. Manacus. selecao sexual., In lekking species, elaborate courtship displays by males are common. Males are usually clumped spatially and compete among themselves to copulate with females, who actively choose mates (Hoglund and Alatalo [...]
- Published
- 2018