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Introduction Uranium mining in the United States arose in the 1940s, peaked in the 1970s, and subsided in the late 1980s, with extensive activity concentrated in Navajo, Puebloan, and other [...], BACKGROUND: Uranium exposure remains an important environmental legacy and physiological health concern, with hundreds of abandoned uranium mines located in the Southwestern United States largely impacting underserved indigenous communities. The negative effects of heavy metals on barrier permeability and inhibition of intestinal epithelial healing have been described; however, transcriptomic changes within the intestinal epithelial cells and impacts on lineage differentiation are largely unknown. OBJECTIVES: Herein, we sought to determine the molecular and cellular changes that occur in the colon in response to uranium bearing dust (UBD) exposure. METHODS: Human colonoids from three biologically distinct donors were acutely exposed to UBD then digested for single cell RNA sequencing to define the molecular changes that occur to specific identities of colonic epithelial cells. Validation in colonoids was assessed using morphological and imaging techniques. RESULTS: Human colonoids acutely exposed to UBD exhibited disrupted proliferation and hyperplastic differentiation of the secretory lineage cell, enteroendocrine cells (EEC). Single-cell RNA sequencing also showed more EEC subtypes present in UBD-exposed colonoids. DISCUSSION: These findings highlight the significance of crypt-based proliferative cells and secretory cell differentiation using human colonoids to model major colonic responses to uranium-bearing particulate dust exposure. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13855

Author(s): Richard Lauer [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.264119.9, 0000 0001 2179 3458, Department of Philosophy, Saint Lawrence University, , 103 Piskor Hall, 13617, Canton, NY, USA Quentin Ruyant's Modal Empiricism [...]

INTRODUCTION Programme science aims to improve the design, implementation and impact of public health programmes through the systematic application of theoretical and empirical scientific knowledge [1–5]. It is a framework [...], : Introduction: “Programme science” deploys scientific methods to address questions that are a priority to support the impact of public health programmes. As such, programme science responds to the challenges of making such studies: (1) feasible to undertake, (2) useful, (3) rigorous, (4) real‐world‐relevant, (5) informative, and undertaken by (6) equitable partnerships. The acronym “FURRIE” is proposed to describe this set of six challenges. This paper discusses selected HIV/STI (sexually transmitted infection) programme science case studies to illustrate how programme science rises to the FURRIE challenges. Discussion: One way in which programme science is made more feasible is through the analysis and interpretation of data collected through service delivery. For some questions, these data can be augmented through methods that reach potential clients of services who have not accessed services or been lost to follow‐up. Process evaluation can enhance the usefulness of programme science by studying implementation processes, programme−client interactions and contextual factors. Ensuring rigour by limiting bias and confounding in the real‐world context of programme science studies requires methodological innovation. Striving for scientific rigour can also have the unintended consequence of creating a gap between what happens in a study, and what happens in the “real‐world.” Community‐led monitoring is one approach to grounding data collection in the real‐world experience of clients. Evaluating complex, context‐specific strategies to strengthen health outcomes in a way that is informative for other settings requires clear specification of the intervention packages that are planned and delivered in practice. Programme science provides a model for equitable partnership through co‐leadership between programmes, researchers and the communities they serve. Conclusions: Programme science addresses the FURRIE challenges, thereby improving programme impact and ultimately health outcomes and health equity. The adoption and adaptation of the types of novel programme science approaches showcased here should be promoted within and beyond the HIV/STI field.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19; Centers for Disease Control & Prevention [CDC], 2020; World Health Organization [WHO], 2020) is a respiratory disease that is spread through respiratory droplets produced when a [...], The present study was a preliminary analysis of college students' willingness to self-isolate and socially isolate during the COVID-19 pandemic analyzed through a probability discounting framework. Researchers developed a pandemic likelihood discounting task where willingness to isolate from others was measured in days as a function of the perceived probability of the escalation of a virus to pandemic levels. Experiment 1 was conducted immediately prior to the World Health Organization (WHO) declaring COVID-19 a pandemic and results showed that participants were more willing to self-isolate when the perceived probability of reaching pandemic levels was high and when there was a guarantee that others in the community would do the same. Experiment 2 was conducted with a subset of participants from Experiment 1 with the same discounting task, and results showed that participants were more willing to self-isolate 2 months following the onset of the pandemic, supporting the view that willingness to isolate from others is a dynamic process. Finally, Experiment 3 evaluated willingness to socially distance and introduced a hypothetical timescale to evaluate common trends with the real-world temporal dynamics observed in Experiments 1 and 2. Results showed similar trends in the data, supporting the use of hypothetical scenarios within probability discounting tasks in future behavior analytic research related to public health. Keywords COVID-19 * probability discounting * public health * social isolating

We assessed natural regeneration of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) using the data collected from the Escambia Experimental Forest in southern Alabama. Fifteen years after the regeneration control, natural regeneration of longleaf pine remained patchy across a wide range of site and stand conditions; slightly more than half of all plots contained regeneration, but the density of seedlings and saplings varied significantly. The abundance of seedlings [less than or equal to] 1- year-old was positively related to stand age and time since last fire, but negatively related to overstory basal area. The abundance of seedlings and saplings was positively related to stand age, but negatively related to time since last fire and overstory basal area. The probability of achieving at least 15 000 seedlings * [ha.sup.-1] that are older than 1 year but less than 1 m tall and at least 1250 saplings * [ha.sup.-1] that are over 1 m tall was, respectively, positively related to the ratio of time since last fire to overstory basal area and the ratio of quadratic mean diameter to site index. A longer fire interval (> 2 to 3 years) should be adopted to naturally regenerate longleaf. We did not find clear zones of exclusion present in natural regeneration even though overstory trees, seedlings, and saplings tended to be repulsive spatially and >80% grass stage seedlings and saplings occurred outside tree crowns. Key words: longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.), natural regeneration, zero- inflated negative binomial model, point pattern data, spatial analysis. Nous avons evalue la regeneration naturelle du pin des marais (Pinus palustris Mill.) en utilisant les donnees recueillies dans la Foret experimentale d'Escambia situee dans le sud de l'Alabama. Quinze ans apres une inspection de la regeneration, la regeneration naturelle du pin des marais etait restee irreguliere malgre une large gamme de conditions de station et de peuplements; un peu plus de la moitie des placettes etaient regenerees, mais la densite des semis et des gaules variait considerablement. L'abondance des semis de moins d'un an etait positivement liee a l'age du peuplement et au temps ecoule depuis le dernier feu, mais negativement liee a la surface terriere du couvert dominant. L'abondance des semis et des gaules etait positivement liee a l'age du peuplement, mais negativement liee au temps ecoule depuis le dernier feu et a la surface terriere du couvert dominant. La probabilite d'obtenir au moins 15 000 semis * [ha.sup.-1] plus vieux qu'un an mais d'une hauteur egale ou inferieure a 1 m, et au moins 1250 gaules * [ha.sup.-1] d'une hauteur superieure a 1 m etait, respectivement, positivement correlee au rapport entre le temps ecoule depuis le dernier feu et la surface terriere du couvert dominant et au rapport entre le diametre quadratique moyen et l'indice de qualite de station. Un intervalle de feu plus long (plus de 2 a 3 ans) devrait etre adopte pour regenerer naturellement le pin des marais. Nous n'avons pas trouve de zones claires d'exclusion de la regeneration naturelle meme si les arbres du couvert dominant, les semis et les gaules avaient tendance a etre spatialement repulsifs et que plus de 80 % des petits semis et des gaules etaient etablis hors de la projection de la cime des arbres. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: pin des marais (Pinus palustris Mill.), regeneration naturelle, modele binomial negatif a exces de zero, donnees par patron de points, analyse spatiale., Introduction The longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) forest ecosystem in the southern United States is a unique ecological community that has experienced a drastic reduction in area, from approximately 37.2 [...]

In the last three installments of 'LC Troubleshooting,' we reviewed the basic concepts of extracolumn dispersion (ECD) (1), and discussed the contributions of the injection step (2), connecting tubing, and [...]

Amelia Moore, Destination Anthropocene: Science and Tourism in The Bahamas. Oakland: University of California Press, 2019. 216 pp. During a boisterous academic conference in the late 1990s Paul Crutzen, an [...]