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Patients with diabetes develop endothelial dysfunction shortly after diabetes onset that progresses to vascular disease underlying the majority of diabetes-associated comorbidities. Increased lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial calcium overload, and mitochondrial dysfunction are characteristics of dysfunctional endothelial cells in diabetic patients. We here identified that targeting the lipid peroxidation product 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid-induced [12(S)-HETE-induced] activation of the intracellularly located cation channel transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) in endothelial cells is a means to causally control early-stage vascular disease in type I diabetic mice. Mice with an inducible, endothelium-specific 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15Lo) knockout were protected similarly to TRPV1-knockout mice from type 1 diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction and impaired vascular regeneration following arterial injury. Both 12(S)-HETE in concentrations found in diabetic patients and TRPV1 agonists triggered mitochondrial calcium influx and mitochondrial dysfunction in endothelial cells, and 12(S)-HETE effects were absent in endothelial cells from TRPV1-knockout mice. As a therapeutic consequence, we found that a peptide targeting 12(S)-HETE-induced TRPV1 interaction at the TRPV1 TRP box ameliorated diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction and augmented vascular regeneration in diabetic mice. Our findings suggest that pharmacological targeting of increased endothelial lipid peroxidation can attenuate diabetes-induced comorbidities related to vascular disease., Introduction Millions of people worldwide suffer from diabetes, and the numbers are increasing. Among children, the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus currently doubles every 20 years (1). Diabetes leads [...]

Our study aimed to examine the status of plasma fatty acids (FAs), inflammatory markers, and lipid peroxidation in patients with femoral neck fractures. The study included 20 patients (64-86 years) with femoral neck fractures indicated for surgery and a control group of 17 elderly subjects without fractures or serious chronic diseases. Plasma was obtained during the first 12 h postfracture and presurgery and 7 days postop. Compared to the control, patients had significantly higher saturated FA (SFA) and monounsaturated FA as well as increased TNF-[alpha] and IL-6. Opposite to that, levels of individual and total n-6 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA), individual and total n-3 PUFA, n-6/n-3 ratio, and levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were markedly lower in the patient than in the controls. On the seventh day after the surgery, we showed a further rise in the SFA, oleic acid, and TNF-[alpha] and reductions of n-6 PUFA and IL-6. Taken together, our results suggest that altered FA status, especially reduced PUFA, may influence hip fracture repair and even contribute to femoral fracture susceptibility in the elderly. A potential benefit from nutritional intervention with PUFA in prevention and (or) fracture healing should be considered. Key words: femoral neck fracture, presurgery, postsurgery, fatty acid, arachidonic acid, TNF-[alpha], IL-6, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Nos travaux visaient a etudier l'etat des acides gras, marqueurs de l'inflammation et de la peroxydation lipidique, chez des patients presentant une fracture du col du femur. L'etude portait sur 20 patients (de 64 a 86 ans) presentant une fracture du col du femur avec indication d'intervention chirurgicale et un groupe temoin de 17 sujets ages sans fracture ni maladie chronique grave. Nous avons obtenu du plasma dans les 12 premieres heures suivant la fracture et avant l'intervention chirurgicale, ainsi que 7 jours apres celle-ci. Les patients presentaient des taux nettement plus eleves d'acides gras satures et monoinsatures, ainsi que de facteur de necrose tumorale [alpha] (TNF-[alpha]) et d'interleukine 6 (IL-6) que les temoins. A l'oppose, les taux d'acides gras n-6 individuels et polyinsatures totaux, d'acides gras n-3 individuels et polyinsatures totaux, le ratio n-6/n-3 et les taux de substances reagissant a l'acide thiobarbiturique (TBARS pour << thiobarbituric acid reactive substances >>) etaient nettement moins eleves chez les patients que chez les temoins. Au 7e jour apres l'intervention chirurgicale, nous avons montre une augmentation supplementaire des taux d'acides gras satures, d'acide oleique et de TNF-[alpha], avec des diminutions en matiere d'acides gras polyinsatures n-6 et d'IL-6. Dans l'ensemble, nos resultats laissent entendre que les modifications sur le plan des acides gras, en particulier l'abaissement des acides gras polyinsatures, pourraient influencer la reparation de la fracture de la hanche et meme contribuer a la susceptibilite aux fractures femorales chez les personnes agees. On devrait prendre en compte les bienfaits eventuels d'interventions de nature alimentaire sur les acides gras polyinsatures dans la prevention ou la guerison des fractures. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : fracture du col du femur, avant l'intervention chirurgicale, apres l'intervention chirurgicale, acide gras, acide arachidonique, TNF-[alpha], IL-6, substances reagissant a l'acide thiobarbiturique., Introduction Femoral neck fractures as a common source of morbidity and mortality, especially in the elderly, represent a global health challenge. Treatment of injuries is complex and usually requires surgery [...]

Byline: S. Aziz, S. Abdullah, F. Latif, and H. Anwar Keywords: Bighead carp, Zinc oxide nanoparticles; Toxicity; Oxidative stress, Lipid Peroxidation INTRODUCTION Nanomaterials are widely used in different research fields [...]