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In the recent Turkish foreign policy literature, political economy approaches have started to emerge in addition to the burgeoning international relations analyses. The political economy perspectives that consider foreign policy as a complex web of dynamic interaction between politics, economics and international relations, contribute significantly to more comprehensively furthering the understanding of foreign policy proactivism in Turkey. However, the current literature mainly concentrates on the role of economy in the new Turkish foreign policy within a descriptive framework rather than adopting a critical approach. Therefore, with the aim of filling the aforementioned gap in the literature, this study puts an emphasis on the constraints of the Turkish economy to be employed as a practical hand in Turkish foreign policy. This study highlights the importance of the transformation of Turkish political economy into a 'proactive state' structure in order to operationalize economy as a sustainable vehicle in foreign policy. In this regard, this study discusses the three fundamental constraints (1) lack of comprehensive industrial strategy, (2) asymmetric structure of foreign trade and (3) social polarization/lack of synergy. Keywords: New Turkish Foreign Policy, Political Economy of Turkish Foreign Policy, Proactive State, Foreign Policy and Economy, State Capacity Turk dis politikasi uzerine son donemde yapilan akademik calismalarda, politik ekonomi yaklasimlarindan da istifade edilmeye baslandigi gorulmektedir. Dis politikayi ekonomi-siyaset ve uluslararasi iliskilerin dinamik etkilesim kumesi olarak inceleyen soz konusu yaklasimlar, Turk dis politikasinin yapisal dinamiklerini analize imkan taniyan kavramsal zeminin olusmasina katki saglamistir. Ancak mevcut literaturde, daha cok, 'yeni Turk dis politikasi'nda ekonominin yeri ve rolu uzerinde durulmakta, elestirel bir yaklasim yerine, 'aciklayici' perspektifler oncelenmektedir. Literaturdeki soz konusu eksikligin giderilmesine katki saglamayi amaclayan bu calismada, 'yeni Turk dis politikasi'nda sorun cozucu bir unsur olarak ekonominin kisitlari uzerinde durulmakta, ekonominin dis politikada surdurulebilir bir arac olarak kullanilabilmesi icin Turkiye'nin politik ekonomisinin 'proaktif devlet' yapisina donusmesinin gerekliligi vurgulanmaktadir. Bu kapsamda, cozulmesi gereken uc temel kisit olan (1) kapsamli sanayi stratejisinin eksikligi, (2) dis ticaretin asimetrik yapisi ve (3) toplumsal kutuplasma/sinerji eksikligi tartismaya acilmaktadir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Yeni Turk Dis Politikasi, Turk Dis Politikasinin Politik Ekonomisi, Proaktif Devlet, Dis Politika ve Ekonomi, Devlet Kapasitesi, Giris 21. yuzyilin ilk on yilinda Turk dis politikasi, onceki donemlere kiyasla daha aktif bir karakter kazanmis, uzmanlarin ve uluslararasi medyanin gittikce artan oranda dikkatin cekmeye baslamistir. Cercevesi Ahmet Davutoglu'nun [...]

The Euro-zone project has been struggling for survival since it was hit hard by the global financial crisis in 2008. When the crisis first erupted, the member countries immediately plunged into a vicious cycle of 'blame-game' by trying to transfer the burden on the shoulders of other members. In this article, we argue that the structural problems pertaining to the very architecture of the Euro-zone rather than the individual policy choices of member states were at the heart of the deep crisis that the European Union is currently confronted with. Our central argument, therefore is that the 'economic integration/political fragmentation' paradox constitutes a central underlying element of the Euro-zone crisis. We claim that the future of the Euro-zone and thereby the European Union will mainly be shaped by the response of the European leaders to the economic integration/political fragmentation paradox. The most-likely response of the EU to this paradox will be a La Carte Europe, which foresees different integration level among EU member countries. Finally, the type of European leaders' response to the paradox in question will closely affect the future of Turkey-EU relations. The emergence of a more flexible Europe may open up new avenues for Turkey-EU relations. Keywords: Euro-zone Crisis, Economic Integration/Political Fragmentation Paradox, Multi Speed Europe, A La Carte Europe, Variable Geometry Europe, Future of Turkey-EU Relations 2008 yilindan bu yana avro bolgesi derin bir ekonomik kriz icerisinde adeta varolus mucadelesi vermektedir. Kriz ilk ortaya ciktigi andan itibaren avro bolgesi uyeleri, sorunun yapisal nedenlerini ortadan kaldirmaya odaklanan cok-boyutlu ve es-zamanli tedbirler almak yerine birbirini 'suclama yarisina' girmistir. Konuya politik ekonomi perspektifinden yaklasan bu makalede, avro bolgesindeki krizin temelinde, 'uye ulkelerin sorumsuz politikalarindan' ziyade avro bolgesinin mimarisinden kaynaklanan yapisal sorun olan 'ekonomik butunlesme/siyasal parcalanmislik' paradoksu oldugu iddia edilmektedir. Avro bolgesinin gelecegi, Birlik uyelerinin bu paradoksa nasil cevap vereceklerine gore sekillenecektir. Bu eksende daha az uye ile daha fazla butunlesme ongoren ancak monolitik AB mimarisi idealini de gundeminden dusuren 'A la carte Avrupa' modelinin, AB butunlesmesinde 'ikinci en iyi cozum' olarak onumuzdeki donemde gundeme gelecegi vurgulanmaktadir. Tum bu gelismelerin Turkiye-AB iliskilerinde 'imtiyazli ortaklik' degil, 'esnek uyelik' modeline somut uygulama alani saglayacagi ongorulmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Avro Bolgesi Krizi, Ekonomik Butunlesme/Siyasal Parcalanmislik Paradoksu, Cok Vitesli Avrupa, A la carte Avrupa, Degisken Geometrili Avrupa, Turkiye-AB Iliskilerinin Gelecegi, Giris: Avro Krizinin Kisa Hikayesi Avrupa butunlesmesi, 21. yuzyila buyuk basarilarla ve kapsamli bicimde donusum gecirerek girdi. Ilk olarak, Avrupa Birligi (AB) uyesi 11 ulke, ortak para birimi avroyu kullanmaya [...]

Turkish foreign policy activism during the last decade has attracted widespread international attention. As a result, scholarly literature on the issue has expanded noticeably. If one makes a general categorization, the literature on the new Turkish foreign policy has mainly concentrated on 'security-based' and 'identity-based' explanations. The role of the changing economic dynamics in Turkey and the transformation of Turkish financial and industrial capital, however, are not adequately addressed in the existing literature. This study aims to contribute to the recent debates from a political economy perspective with reference to the functionalist and interdependence approaches. It is argued in this paper that the bifurcation within the financial capital in Turkey in the post-2001 period and the internationalization of the Anatolian tigers' have turned out to be the 'practical hand' of Turkish foreign policy. In addition, this study argues that there are certain limits and constraints of employing political economy factors as a driving force in the Turkish foreign policy activism., Turkish foreign policy activism during the last decade has attracted widespread international attention. Turkey's declared 'zero-problems-with-neighbors' policy and rising influence as a 'regional power' in Middle Eastern and Central Asian [...]