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: Introduction: Person‐centred care (PCC) has been recognized as a critical element in delivering quality and responsive health services. The patient−provider relationship, conceptualized at the core of PCC in multiple models, remains largely unexamined in HIV care. We conducted a systematic review to better understand the types of PCC interventions implemented to improve patient−provider interactions and how these interventions have improved HIV care continuum outcomes and person‐reported outcomes (PROs) among people living with HIV in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Methods: We searched databases, conference proceedings and conducted manual targeted searches to identify randomized trials and observational studies published up to January 2023. The PCC search terms were guided by the Integrative Model of Patient‐Centeredness by Scholl. We included person‐centred interventions aiming to enhance the patient−provider interactions. We included HIV care continuum outcomes and PROs. Results: We included 28 unique studies: 18 (64.3%) were quantitative, eight (28.6.%) were mixed methods and two (7.1%) were qualitative. Within PCC patient−provider interventions, we inductively identified five categories of PCC interventions: (1) providing friendly and welcoming services; (2) patient empowerment and improved communication skills (e.g. supporting patient‐led skills such as health literacy and approaches when communicating with a provider); (3) improved individualized counselling and patient‐centred communication (e.g. supporting provider skills such as training on motivational interviewing); (4) audit and feedback; and (5) provider sensitisation to patient experiences and identities. Among the included studies with a comparison arm and effect size reported, 62.5% reported a significant positive effect of the intervention on at least one HIV care continuum outcome, and 100% reported a positive effect of the intervention on at least one of the included PROs. Discussion: Among published HIV PCC interventions, there is heterogeneity in the components of PCC addressed, the actors involved and the expected outcomes. While results are also heterogeneous across clinical and PROs, there is more evidence for significant improvement in PROs. Further research is necessary to better understand the clinical implications of PCC, with fewer studies measuring linkage or long‐term retention or viral suppression. Conclusions: Improved understanding of PCC domains, mechanisms and consistency of measurement will advance PCC research and implementation., INTRODUCTION Person‐centred care (PCC) offers principles that promise to improve HIV prevention and care, potentially even in resource‐constrained and public health settings that typically emphasize standardization and scale. The initial [...]

There is perhaps no economic indicator more potent in American politics than oil prices. When prices soar, gasoline price hikes are advertised on street corners and felt by consumers at [...]

The U.S. target for energy transition to non-carbon emitting power sources by 2050 has sparked the formation of commercial ventures to develop fusion energy as a potential source of baseload [...]

Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), such as abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction, are associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and indicators of future CVD risk in adulthood, such as greater vascular stiffness. The impact of ACEs in adolescence is unclear, and understanding how ACEs relate to blood pressure (BP) and vascular function during early life is key for the development of prevention strategies to reduce CVD risk. We hypothesized that exposure to ACEs would be associated with changes in central hemodynamics such as increased vascular stiffness and higher BP during adolescence. Methods This pilot study enrolled 86 adolescents recruited from the Children's of Alabama. A validated ACE questionnaire was employed, and ACEs were modeled both as a continuous variable and a categorical variable (ACE [greater than or equal to] 1 vs. ACE = 0). The primary outcomes used are considered to be indicators of future cardio-renal disease risk: aortic augmentation index normalized to 75 bpm (Alx75, a surrogate for vascular stiffness), carotid-femoral PWV (m/s), and ambulatory BP patterns. Results Adolescents with ACE [greater than or equal to] 1 had significantly higher Alx75 (ACE: 5.2% ± 2.2 compared to no ACE: - 1.4% ± 3.0; p = 0.043). PWV only reflected this trend when adjustments were made for the body mass index. Adolescents with ACEs showed no differences in ambulatory BP patterns during the 24-h, wake, or sleep periods compared to adolescents with no ACEs. Conclusions ACEs were associated with higher AIx75 in adolescence, which is a risk factor for future CVD. Adolescence could present an opportunity for early detections/interventions to mitigate adverse cardiovascular outcomes in adulthood. Graphical abstract, Author(s): Cailin E. Kellum [sup.1] , Keri M. Kemp [sup.1] , Sylvie Mrug [sup.3] , Jennifer S. Pollock [sup.1] , Michael E. Seifert [sup.2] , Daniel I. Feig [sup.2] Author [...]

Authors discovered a mass interference in calibration standards analyzed by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry that resulted in underestimation of serum concentrations for perfluoro-3,5,7,9,11- pentaoxadodecanoic acid [PFO5DoA; DTXSID50723994] in the published [...]

KNIFE Meditations after an attempted murder SALMAN RUSHDIE 224pp. Cape. 20 [pounds sterling]. It is a glorious high summer morning in upstate New York. After a breakfast of coffee and [...]

Last December, at the urging of President Biden, Congress enacted legislation to stop a nationwide railroad workers' strike. Negotiations between the freight railroads and their labor unions over the last [...]

Ancient Egyptian art features many carefully observed depictions of wild animals and birds. A famous example is the late Eighteenth Dynasty (fourteenth-century BC) wall paintings of the Green Room in the North Palace at Amarna, where naturalistic depictions of birds feature prominently. Their taxonomic identity, however, is not resolved in all cases. Here, the authors revisit the facsimiles produced in the 1920s by Nina de Garis Davies. Mindful of previous works, taphonomy and the interplay between naturalistic observation and artistic licence, they employ ornithological resources to conduct a qualitative assessment and propose a parsimonious scheme of identifications, relating the results to long-standing questions concerning ecological and stylistic aspects in the artwork. Keywords: Egypt, Eighteenth Dynasty, Akhenaten, wall painting, naturalistic art, ornithology, Introduction A trench was started at the north-east corner and walls of chambers with traces of coloured plaster soon began to appear. A little further down a large piece of [...]

Intake I am one of the luckiest girls in the whole world. This is what they told me when I walked into the lobby. It was a white room with [...]

THE VOYAGE HOME PAT BARKER 289pp. Hamish Hamilton. 20 [pounds sterling]. Reanimated female figures from classical mythology have become profusely voluble in recent fiction. From Helen to Hecuba, Medea to [...]

BACKGROUND. The biology of Plasmodium vivax is markedly different from that of P. falciparum; how this shapes the immune response to infection remains unclear. To address this shortfall, we inoculated human volunteers with a clonal field isolate of P. vivax and tracked their response through infection and convalescence. METHODS. Participants were injected intravenously with blood-stage parasites and infection dynamics were tracked in real time by quantitative PCR. Whole blood samples were used for high dimensional protein analysis, RNA sequencing, and cytometry by time of flight, and temporal changes in the host response to P. vivax were quantified by linear regression. Comparative analyses with P. falciparum were then undertaken using analogous data sets derived from prior controlled human malaria infection studies. RESULTS. P. vivax rapidly induced a type I inflammatory response that coincided with hallmark features of clinical malaria. This acute-phase response shared remarkable overlap with that induced by P. falciparum but was significantly elevated (at RNA and protein levels), leading to an increased incidence of pyrexia. In contrast, T cell activation and terminal differentiation were significantly increased in volunteers infected with P. falciparum. Heterogeneous [CD4.sup.+] T cells were found to dominate this adaptive response and phenotypic analysis revealed unexpected features normally associated with cytotoxicity and autoinflammatory disease. CONCLUSION. P. vivax triggers increased systemic interferon signaling (cf P. falciparum), which likely explains its reduced pyrogenic threshold. In contrast, P. falciparum drives T cell activation far in excess of P. vivax, which may partially explain why falciparum malaria more frequently causes severe disease. TRIAL REGISTRATION. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03797989. FUNDING. The European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme, the Wellcome Trust, and the Royal Society., Introduction Plasmodium vivax causes more than half of all malaria cases in the Americas and Southeast Asia (1) and its distinct biology (cf P falciparum) presents unique challenges for control [...]

Cross-sector data sharing and integration has become more routine and commonplace, and for good reason. When governments and their partners bring together data safely and responsibly, policymakers and practitioners are [...]

I can help Richard Malone (Letters, May 3) with 'Nature Is a Terribly Interesting Thing: James Cameron writes 'Lady Chatterley' in the style of Godfrey Winn', of which he has [...]

The Internet Is Not What You Think It Is: A History, a Philosophy, a Warning Justin E.H. Smith Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2022. We've got the Internet all wrong. [...]

The holistic relationship between children and nature is at the heart of Froebel's philosophy and practice: he took for granted that young children would grow up 'in' and 'with' nature. This paper explores the contemporary relevance of this thinking to babies and toddlers in early childhood education and care (ECEC) settings. It is based on a research project funded by the Froebel Trust which explores outdoor provision in English settings. Our findings suggest that whilst the pedagogic potential of the outdoors for babies and toddlers appears to be generally recognized, there is little emphasis on supporting them to engage with the natural characteristics of the outdoor environment. Concerns about safety and an emphasis on physical activity mean that natural elements may be discouraged in favor of manufactured alternatives such as artificial grass or commercially produced resources. We argue that Froebelian philosophy offers a much-needed theoretical lens that can illuminate the limitations of such practices for both the human and non-human world. Importantly, we highlight the interconnectedness of human and environmental health and suggest the need to develop nature engaging and nature enhancing pedagogies from birth. Keywords Froebel, Outdoor, ECEC, Nature, Babies, Toddlers, 1.0 Background of the study and its context 1.1 Nature Connection: Why is it important for babies and toddlers? This paper contributes to contemporary discourses about children's connection to nature [...]

In response to the emergence of Lassa fever, Marburg virus, and Ebola virus in Africa, a Biosafety Level 4 laboratory was constructed at the National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) [...]

Management of protected species is difficult when objectives include the recovery of both predator and its prey. Ideally, identifying trade-offs between competing objectives involves evaluating management alternatives with a quantitative model that integrates information on both species, but data are often limited. We used new predator diet data and simulation modeling to update our understanding of seal predation on juvenile Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in the Puget Sound. Under prey size assumptions used by previous studies, estimates suggest predation could be a significant source of mortality for Chinook salmon (mean: 37% of ocean age-0 juveniles), but varied considerably among years (range of median estimates: 22%-49%). However, when we estimated prey size from otoliths recovered from seal scats, the impact (numbers of fish consumed) decreased by 71%. Predation on coho salmon was estimated to be relatively low under both scenarios (6%-8% of ocean age-0 juveniles) with a 21% decrease in consumption using otolith-derived prey size. Our analysis highlights the importance of updating model inputs and re-evaluating assumptions of multi-species models used for ecosystem-based fisheries management. La gestion d'especes protegees est difficile quand les objectifs comprennent le retablissement tant d'un predateur que de sa proie. Si, idealement, la determination des compromis entre objectifs concurrents comprend l'evaluation de differentes options de gestion a l'aide d'un modele quantitatif qui integre de l'information sur les deux especes, les donnees sont souvent limitees. Nous utilisons de nouvelles donnees sur le regime alimentaire de predateurs et la modelisation de simulation afin d'actualiser la comprehension de la predation par les phoques de saumons chinooks (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) et cohos (Oncorhynchus kisutch) juveniles dans le Puget Sound. Des estimations etablies a partir d'hypotheses sur la taille des proies utilisees dans des etudes anterieures indiqueraient que la predation pourrait constituer une source de mortalite significative de saumons chinooks (moyenne : 37 % des juveniles de moins de 1 an en ocean), mais varie considerablement d'une annee a l'autre (fourchette de valeurs medianes estimees : 22 %-49 %). Cependant, quand nous estimons la taille des proies a partir d'otolites recuperes d'excrements de phoque, l'impact (le nombre de poissons consommes) diminue de 71 %. Il est estime que la predation de saumons cohos est relativement faible dans les deux scenarios (6 %-8 % des juveniles de moins de 1 an en ocean), et la taille des proies etablie sur la base des otolites indique une diminution de 21 % de la consommation. Notre analyse souligne l'importance d'actualiser les intrants des modeles et de reevaluer les hypotheses des modeles multispecifiques utilises pour la gestion ecosystemique des peches. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction Management conflicts between protected marine species are increasing, and successful resolution requires identification of competing objectives and evaluating the ecological, social, and economic trade-offs associated with various management scenarios [...]

Globally, freshwaters are the most degraded and threatened of all ecosystems. In northern temperate regions, beaver (Castor spp.) reintroductions are increasingly used as a low-cost and self-sustaining means to restore river corridors. River modifications by beavers can increase availability of suitable habitat for fish, including salmonids. This study investigated the response of a population of brown trout (Salmo trutta) to reintroduced Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber) habitat modifications in northern Scotland. The field site comprised two streams entering a common loch; one modified by beavers, the other unaltered. Electrofishing and PIT telemetry surveys indicated abundance of post-young-of-the-year (post-YOY) trout was higher in the modified stream. Considering juvenile year groups (YOY and post-YOY) combined, abundance and density varied with year and season. In the modified stream, fork length and mass were greater, there was a greater variety of age classes, and mean growth was positive during all seasons. Beavers had profound effects on the local brown trout population that promoted higher abundances of larger size classes. This study provides important insight into the possible future effect of beavers on freshwater ecosystems. Les ecosystemes d'eau douce sont les ecosystemes les plus degrades et menaces sur terre. Dans les regions nordiques temperees, les reintroductions de castors (Castor spp.) sont de plus en plus utilisees comme moyen peu couteux et autosuffisant de restauration de couloirs fluviaux. Les modifications des rivieres par les castors peuvent accroitre la disponibilite d'habitats convenables pour les poissons, dont les salmonides. L'etude se penche sur la reaction d'une population de truites brunes (Salmo trutta) a des modifications de l'habitat par des castors eurasiens (Castor fiber) reintroduits dans le nord de l'Ecosse. Le site d'etude compte deux cours d'eau qui se jettent dans le meme loch, un etant modifie par les castors et l'autre etant intact. Des releves a la peche electrique et de detection telemetrique d'etiquettes passives integrees (PIT) indiquentune plus grande abondance de truites juveniles de plus d'un an dans le cours d'eau modifie que dans le cours d'eau intact. L'examen de juveniles de differents groupes d'age (jeunes de l'annee et de plus d'un an) combines revele que l'abondance et la densite varient selon l'annee et la saison. Dans le cours d'eau modifie, la longueur a la fourche et la masse des poissons sont plus grandes, la diversite des classes d'age est plus importante et le taux de croissance moyen est positif durant toutes les saisons. Les castors ont de profonds effets sur la population locale de truites brunes qui favorisent une plus grande abondance des classes de tailles plus grandes. L'etude fournit d'importants renseignements sur l'effet futur possible des castors sur les ecosystemes d'eau douce. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction European rivers have been modified by man for centuries for agriculture (e.g., irrigation) (Moss 2008), domestic and industrial water supply (Rotiroti et al. 2019), generation of mechanical and electrical [...]

Purpose: Listeners shift their listening strategies between lower level acoustic information and higher level semantic information to prioritize maximum speech intelligibility in challenging listening conditions. Although increasing task demands via acoustic degradation modulates lexical-semantic processing, the neural mechanisms underlying different listening strategies are unclear. The current study examined the extent to which encoding of lower level acoustic cues is modulated by task demand and associations with lexical-semantic processes. Method: Electroencephalography was acquired while participants listened to sentences in the presence of fourtalker babble that contained either higher or lower probability final words. Task difficulty was modulated by time available to process responses. Cortical tracking of speech--neural correlates of acoustic temporal envelope processing--were estimated using temporal response functions. Results: Task difficulty did not affect cortical tracking of temporal envelope of speech under challenging listening conditions. Neural indices of lexical-semantic processing (N400 amplitudes) were larger with increased task difficulty. No correlations were observed between the cortical tracking of temporal envelope of speech and lexical-semantic processes, even after controlling for the effect of individualized signal-to-noise ratios. Conclusions: Cortical tracking of the temporal envelope of speech and semantic processing are differentially influenced by task difficulty. While increased task demands modulated higher level semantic processing, cortical tracking of the temporal envelope of speech may be influenced by task difficulty primarily when the demand is manipulated in terms of acoustic properties of the stimulus, consistent with an emerging perspective in speech perception., In challenging conditions, listeners dynamically shift weighting of lower level acoustic and higher level semantic cues by adopting strategies to maximize speech intelligibility. Increased reliance on semantic information under challenging [...]

Ethnohistoric accounts indicate that the people of Australia's Channel Country engaged in activities rarely recorded elsewhere on the continent, including food storage, aquaculture and possible cultivation, yet there has been little archaeological fieldwork to verily these accounts. Here, the authors report on a collaborative research project initiated by the Mithaka people addressing this lack of archaeological investigation. The results show that Mithaka Country has a substantial and diverse archaeological record, including numerous large stone quarries, multiple ritual structures and substantial dwellings. Our archaeological research revealed unknown aspects, such as the scale of Mithaka quarrying, which could stimulate re-evaluation of Aboriginal socio-economic systems in parts of ancient Australia. Keywords: Australia, Aboriginal, Mithaka, trade networks, cultivation, villages, stone extraction, Introduction In this article, we report the first results of an ongoing archaeological project in the traditional territory of the Mithaka people, in Australia's Channel Country (Figure 1). Located predominantly [...]

Drawing upon decades of scientific research on face perception, recognition and comparison, this article explains why conventional legal approaches to the interpretation of images (eg from CCTV) to assist with identification are misguided. The article reviews Australian rules and jurisprudence on expert and lay opinion evidence. It also summarises relevant scientific research, including emerging research on face matching by humans (including super-recognisers) and algorithms. We then explain how legal traditions, and the interpretation of rules and procedures, have developed with limited attention to what is known about the abilities and vulnerabilities of humans, algorithms and new types of hybrid systems. Drawing upon scientific research, the article explains the need for courts to develop rules and procedures that attend to evidence of validity, reliability and performance--ie proof of actual proficiency and levels of accuracy. It also explains why we should resist the temptation to admit investigators' opinions about the identity of offenders, and why leaving images to the jury introduces unrecognised risks by virtue of the surprisingly error-prone performance of ordinary persons and the highly suggestive (or biasing) way in which comparisons are made in criminal proceedings. The article recommends using images in ways that incorporate scientific knowledge and advance fundamental criminal justice values., CONTENTS I Improving Legal Practice with Scientific Research II Legal Interpretations of Images and Experts A Smith, Morgan, Honeysett and the Limits of s 79 Jurisprudence B Sections 78 and [...]

I Philosophy has its fads. While this inevitably sounds like an insult when applied to a discipline that fancies itself both aged and ageless, it needn't be. Some topics are [...]

Aquaculture has been one of the fastest-growing food production systems over the last decade and increased intensification of production has created conditions that favour disease outbreaks. Antibiotics are commonly applied in the food animal sector to fight against bacterial infections; however, their inappropriate use contributes to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Investment in research and capacity-strengthening, in parallel with enforcing existing regulations around antimicrobial use, are potentially powerful tools in tackling the threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) emanating from animal producing systems such as aquaculture. However, directing investment effectively is challenging due to the limited data available that hinder the identification of risk areas for current and future AMR emergence. Here, we aim to partially fill this gap by analyzing the current peer-reviewed literature reporting antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in aquaculture food production systems and combining the data in a systematic map. Systematic searches of three bibliographic databases, a search engine, and 120 reviews returned 10 699 articles that were screened at title and abstract and then by full text (n = 1100). Two hundred and eighteen articles, spanning 39 countries and six continents, met all inclusion criteria and were coded to retrieve bibliographic, methodology, and study outcome data. ARG detections were associated with 44 families offish and crustaceans and 75 genera of bacteria, with most studies employing primer-based methods to detect ARGs. A narrative synthesis explores implications for future research and policy as well as limitations of the systematic mapping methodology. Key words: aquaculture, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), genes, fish, crustacean, One Health. L'aquaculture a ete l'un des systemes de production alimentaire qui a connu la croissance la plus rapide au cours de la derniere decennie et 1'intensification accrue de la production a cree des conditions qui favorisent l'eclosion de maladies. Les antibiotiques sont couramment utilises dans le secteur de l'alimentation animale pour hitter contre les infections bacteriennes, mais leur utilisation inappropriee contribue a l'emergence de bacteries resistantes aux antibiotiques. L'investissement dans la recherche et le renforcement des capacites, parallelement a l'application des reglementations existantes concernant l'utilisation des antimicrobiens, sont des outils potentiellement puissants pour lutter contre la menace de la resistance aux antimicrobiens (RAM) emanant des systemes de production animale tels que l'aquaculture. Toutefois, il est difficile d'orienter efficacement les investissements en raison du peu de donnees disponibles qui empechent d'identifier les zones a risque pour l'emergence actuelle et future de RAM. Ici, les auteurs visent a combler partiellement cette lacune en analysant la litterature actuelle revue par les pairs, qui fait etat de genes de RAM dans les systemes de production alimentaire en aquaculture et en combinant les donnees dans une carte systematique. Des recherches systematiques dans trois bases de donnees bibliographiques, un moteur de recherche et 120 syntheses ont permis de trouver 10 699 articles qui ont ete passes au crible quant au titre et au resume, puis au texte integral (n = 1100). Deux cent dix-huit articles, couvrant 39 pays et six continents, ont repondu a tous les criteres d'inclusion et ont ete codes pour recuperer les donnees bibliographiques, la methodologie et les resultats des etudes. Les detections de genes de la RAM ont ete associees a 44 families de poissons et de crustaces et a 75 genres de bacteries, la plupart des etudes utilisant des methodes basees sur des amorces pour detecter les genes de resistance aux antibiotiques (GRA). Une synthese narrative explore les implications pour la recherche et les politiques futures ainsi que les limites de la methodologie de cartographie systematique. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: aquaculture, resistance aux antimicrobiens (RAM), genes, poissons, crustaces, Un monde, une sante., Introduction Aquaculture is currently responsible for producing close to half of all aquatic animals consumed globally (FAO 2019). Driven by dwindling stocks in wild capture fisheries and increased demand for [...]

When people do wrong and then apologise for it, others may react by believing what the apologiser says (or not), forgiving them, thinking they were truly sorry and believing the apology helps the victim. In three scenario studies with a total of 1, 669 respondents, we examined how ratings of the different reactions varied with the transgressor's profession, the nature of the victim and the perspective taken by the judge. These three factors all influenced reactions to the wrongdoing. In general, politicians were rated as being less believable, trustworthy, and less likely to be sorry than doctors; willingness to forgive decreased when the victim was junior; and respondents' attitudes towards the admission of an offence varied as a function of the specific perspective that they took. However, we also found that the different dimensions of the reactions varied differently with these factors and were not highly correlated. Keywords: forgiveness, intention, trust, surveys and questionnaires, humans, social behaviour, social perception, Introduction How do people react when someone does something wrong and affects or harms other people and then publicly admits and apologises for the fault? Here we explored different aspects [...]

Partisan gridlock may have made major legislation difficult to advance at the federal level in the last decade, but most states have not suffered such stasis. As a result, many [...]

The Bad Girl in Century City Behind the Goodwill, rescue the gray cat half- dead of dehydration, the cardboard box of DVDs. Everything that belongs to you, you've learned from [...]