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Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of the H5 subtype remain a serious concern for poultry and human health. The Gs/GD lineage of HPAI A(H5N1) viruses continues to circulate and [...]

Yaws, an endemic tropical disease distinguished by bone and skin lesions, is caused by infection with Treponema pallidum subsp. pertenue treponemes. Successful yaws treatment campaigns during 1950-1965 were followed by [...]

Initially infecting poultry, avian influenza A(H9N2) viruses have been sporadically identified in pigs and humans, which suggests that some of these viruses have adapted to bind mammalian host receptors or [...]

To determine whether nonhuman primates are infected with influenza viruses in nature, we conducted serologic and swab studies among macaques from several parts of the world. Our detection of influenza [...]

Macaques are similar to humans both physiologically and behaviorally. In South and Southeast Asia they are also synanthropic, ecologically associated with humans. Synanthropy with humans raises the possibility that macaques come into contact with anthropogenic toxicants, such as lead and mercury, and might be appropriate sentinels for human exposures to certain toxic materials. We measured lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) levels and characterized the stable isotopic compositions of [delta][sup.15]N and [delta][sup.13]C in hair from three groups of free-ranging macaques at the Swoyambhu temple in Kathmandhu, Nepal, an urban population that has abundant contact with humans. Hair lead levels were significantly higher among young macaques and differed among the three groups of macaques that were sampled. Hair Hg levels were low. No statistical association was found between stable isotopic compositions ([delta][sup.15]N and [delta][sup.13]C) and Pb and Hg levels. Our data did not find evidence that lead levels were associated with diet. We conclude that, in this population of macaques, behavioral and/or physiologic factors may play a significant role in determining exposure to lead. Chemical analysis of hair is a promising, noninvasive technique for determining exposure to toxic elements in free-ranging nonhuman primates. Am J Phys Anthropol 142:453-460, 2010. [c]2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. KEY WORDS lead; macaque; ecotoxicology; mercury; synanthropic DOI 10.1002/ajpa.21247

In Asia, contact between persons and nonhuman primates is widespread in multiple occupational and nonoccupational contexts. Simian foamy viruses (SFVs) are retroviruses that are prevalent in all species of nonhuman [...]

Because Gibraltar's macaques (Macaca sylvanus) have frequent contact with humans, we assayed 79 macaques for antibodies to enzootic primate viruses. All macaques were seronegative for herpesvirus B, simian T-cell lymphotropie [...]

The threat of zoonotic transmission of infectious agents at monkey temples highlights the necessity of investigating the prevalence of enzootic infectious agents in these primate populations. Biological samples were collected [...]

We describe the first reported transmission to a human of simian foamy virus (SFV) from a free-ranging population of nonhuman primates in Asia. The transmission of an exogenous retrovirus, SFV, [...]

Herpesvirus B (Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1) has been implicated as the cause of approximately 40 cases of meningoencephalitis affecting persons in direct or indirect contact with laboratory macaques. However, the threat [...]

The historical lack of field-based radiographic studies of nonhuman primates within the field of anthropology is likely due to the perceived difficulty of transporting and operating X-ray equipment. Here we present a method for taking lateral cranial radiographs of nonhuman primates in the field that is simple to employ, and that produces exposed films suitable for collection of measurement data useful for growth and development studies, as well as for investigating bone and soft-tissue pathology. Several different X-ray units, film types, and portable power sources were used, all producing suitable images of similar quality, indicating that this methodology is likely not overly sensitive to these important parameters. KEY WORDS radiography; X-ray; Sulawesi macaques; roentgenographic cephalometry

Several analyses are conducted for the characterization of the interaction patterns existing between humans and long-tailed macaques (Maraca fascicular is) in Singapore. Physical interactions and feeding by humans are shown to be extremely uncommon in Singapore, as compared to various other countries.

A multidisciplinary panel of experts in March 2003 developed a risk assessment model to describe the likelihood of cross-species transmission of simian foamy virus (SFV) from macaques to visitors at a monkey temple in Bali, Indonesia. The model does predict that the risk of being infected with SFV among visitors to a monkey temple is not negligible, and it can be conceived as the first step in a process whereby non-human primate (NHP)-human cross-species disease transmission can be examined.

A study investigates serological evidence of exposure to measles virus in two free-ranging populations of macaques at the Bukit Timah (BTNR) and Central Catchment Nature (CCNR) reserves in Singapore and the Swoyambhu Temple in Katmandu, Nepal. The contrasting seroprevalences of the two sites are analyzed using risk analysis, demonstrating how the process can be used to approach the phenomenon of cross-species pathogen transmission.

The genetic characteristics of a rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) population of Nepal is investigated where twenty-one rhesus macaques at the Swoyambhu Temple in Kathmandu, Nepal, were compared with over 300 Indian- and Chinese-origin rhesus macaques. The sequence analyses to two mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) loci, from the HVS I and 12S rRNA regions, showed that the Nepali animals were more similar to Indian-origin than to Chinese-origin animals.

In Sulawesi, Primate-pet ownership provides a context for the cross-species transmission of pathogens. Data suggested that infection with enteric parasites is common in pet macaques on Sulawesi, but relatively few of these infections are caused by pathogenic organisms.

To the Editor: We take serious issue with the dispatch by Mease and Baker on monkey bites among US military members in Afghanistan during 2011 (1). In particular, we are [...]

To the Editor: I read with interest the article by Jones-Engel et al. (1), which described the frequency of viruses infecting temple rhesus macaques. The investigation included the polyomavirus simian [...]