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A complete force field for liquid-state simulations on ionic liquids containing 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium and 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cations and the tetrachloroaluminate and tetrafluoroborate anions are described. A basic study concerning the simulated liquid structure in terms of the radical distribution functions is undertaken with the help of molecular dynamics simulation.

The results from detailed computational study of the structure of ionic liquids based on the imidazolium cation are presented. The results shed light on imidazolium-ring stacking and hydrogen bonding behavior from radial and spatial orientational distribution functions as well as orientational correlation functions.

This article addresses the marginalization of Afro-Brazilians during the 19th and early 20th centuries. The author, maintaining Brazilian elites prefered to hire European immigrants over the freed black population, discusses the mobilization of the Afro-Brazilian population in an effort to challenge social control and racism which was undermined by political racial ideology.