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This research aimed to explore the dimensionality of online and offline stalking forms and the associations between Dark Tetrad traits and perpetration of various stalking behaviors. Serbian adults (N = 232; 64.2% women) completed the Short Dark Triad, the Short Sadistic Impulse Scale, the Cyberstalking Scale, and a newly developed instrument-the Stalking Behavior Scale-which measures aggravated, intrusive, and surveillance forms of stalking. Cyberstalking was associated with all of the Dark Tetrad traits, but the other forms of stalking were corelated with different Dark Tetrad traits. For instance, aggravated stalking was associated with psychopathy and sadism whereas surveillance stalking was associated with Machiavellianism and narcissism. We suggest that psychopathy and sadism were related to direct, in-person, riskier, and severe stalking, while Machiavellianism and narcissism were related to indirect and covert stalking., Author(s): Ivana Brankovic [sup.1] , Bojana M. Dinic [sup.2] , Peter K. Jonason [sup.3] [sup.4] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/00xa57a59, grid.10822.39, 0000 0001 2149 743X, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, [...]

In this brief report, we examined (N = 449; 50.1% men) the role of the Dark Tetrad traits (i.e., psychopathy, sadism, narcissism, and Machiavellianism) and Fundamental Social Motives (i.e., social bonds, status, safety, mate-seeking, mate-retention, pathogen avoidance, family, and autonomy) in relation to self-reported perpetration of cyberstalking short-term and long-term intimate partners. Women were more likely to cyberstalk long-term partners, those with higher levels of Dark Tetrad traits were more likely to cyberstalk their partners regardless of relationship context, and Fundamental Social Motives only played a minor role. Results highlight the importance of exploring intimate partner cyberstalking across different relationship contexts., Author(s): Evita March [sup.1] , Piotr Szymczak [sup.2] , Melissa Smoker [sup.3] , Peter K. Jonason [sup.1] [sup.4] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.1040.5, 0000 0001 1091 4859, Federation University Australia, , [...]

The Dark Triad is a term used to describe a constellation of three socially undesirable personality traits: psychopathy, narcissism, and Machiavellianism. The aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Dirty Dozen scale, a brief measure of the Dark Triad, among a sample of 412 at-risk youths from Portugal (M = 13.19 years; SD = 1.41; age range = 12-17 years), composed of male (n = 200; M = 13.32 years; SD = 1.41 years) and female youths (n = 212; M = 13.08 years; SD = 1.41 years). As expected, our translation had a three-factor structure that was invariant across the sexes. Adequate psychometric properties were demonstrated in terms of internal consistency (i.e., Cronbach's alpha and Omega coefficient), convergent validity (i.e., with measures of self-reported delinquency, and sensation seeking), discriminant validity (i.e., with measures of self-esteem, and self-control), criterion-related validity (i.e., with drug use, and risky sex), and know-groups validity (boys versus girls). We also found that sex differences in self-reported delinquency were partially mediated by sex differences in the Dark Triad traits. Our findings suggest the Dirty Dozen is a valid and useful measure in the study of at-risk for delinquency adolescents., Author(s): Pedro Pechorro [sup.1] , Peter K. Jonason [sup.2] , Vanessa Raposo [sup.3] , João Maroco [sup.4] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.10328.38, 0000 0001 2159 175X, School of Psychology, University of [...]

Author(s): Adriano Schimmenti [sup.1] , Peter K. Jonason [sup.2] , Alessia Passanisi [sup.1] , Luana La Marca [sup.1] , Nunzia Di Dio [sup.1] , Alessia M. Gervasi [sup.3] Author Affiliations: [...], The Dark Triad represents a collection of three socially aversive traits, namely Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism. In this study, we examined the psychometric properties of the Italian translation of the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (DTDD) in a sample of 799 adults, and we explored the associations among Dark Triad traits, theory of mind, empathy, and alexithymia. The DTDD showed a good internal consistency and a bifactor structure including a three-factor non-hierarchical model and a global, second-order factor with all of the DTDD items loading on it. The DTDD traits were positively associated with alexithymia and negatively associated with theory of mind and empathy. Also, results of regression analyses showed that difficulty identifying feelings and a reduced emotional reactivity were significant predictors of the Dark Triad traits. Our findings support the validity and reliability of the Italian translation of the DTDD, and suggest that individuals with high levels of Dark Triad traits may have difficulties in understanding and processing their own rather than other people's emotional states.

Traditionally, research on romantic and sexual relationships has focused on one-night stands and monogamous pairs. However, as the result of men and women pursuing their ideal relationship types, various compromise relationships may emerge. One such compromise is explored here.' the 'booty call.' The results of an act-nomination and frequency study of college students provided an initial definition and exploration of this type of relationship. Booty calls tend to utilize various communication mediums to facilitate sexual contact among friends who, for men, may represent low-investment, attractive sexual partners and, for women, may represent attractive test-mates. The relationship is discussed as a compromise between men's and women's ideal mating strategies that allows men greater sexual access and women an ongoing opportunity to evaluate potential long-term mates., In their romantic and sexual lives, members of both genders want as many benefits as they can get while incurring as few costs as possible. However, there is a discrepancy [...]

Are people who are funny more attractive? Or does being attractive lead people to be seen as funnier? The answer may depend on the underlying evolutionary function of humor. While humor has been proposed to signal 'good genes,' the authors propose that humor also functions to indicate interest in social relationships--in initiating new relationships and in monitoring existing ones. Consistent with this interest indicator model, across three studies both sexes were more likely to initiate humor and to respond more positively and consider the other person to be funny when initially attracted to that person. The findings support that humor dynamics--and not just humor displays--influence romantic chemistry for both men and women, suggesting that humor can ultimately function as a strategy to initiate and monitor social relationships. Keywords: humor; evolution; evolutionary psychology; sexual selection; relationships; speed dating

According to research on physical attractiveness, personal attributes such as gender, height, and self-perception are important in determining how much individuals value physical attractiveness in their romantic partners. In a survey of 228 college-aged participants, the ratings of the physical attractiveness of potential romantic partners were positively correlated with how much participants valued physical attractiveness in their long-term romantic partners. Individuals' partner preferences may be sensitive to their perceptions of themselves. Perceptions of the attractiveness of those in one's local area may also play a part in the development of such partner preferences through exposure. Keywords: attractiveness of alternatives, conditional mating strategies, mate choice, physical attractiveness, FEW RESEARCHERS AND LAYPERSONS WOULD DISAGREE that individuals value physical attractiveness in their romantic partners. However, disagreement arises about where, when, and why the preferences for physical attractiveness develop. Evolutionary [...]

Prior work using Hong's Psychological Reactance Scale has shown that there were main effects for participants' sex, race, and age. No consistent significant relationships with these demographic factors were obtained with scores on Hong's Psychological Reactance Scale. The one-dimensional nature of the scale was supported. Further analyses yielded no significant results with sexual orientation, socioeconomic classifications, and education. If the scale is to be a useful measure of Psychological Reactance, much more work is needed. The findings from prior work and this one may be affected by measurement error in the construct and the small magnitude of the relationships.

Researchers have found that men and women pursue sex-appropriate strategies to attract mates. On the basis of intrasexual competition, men should be more likely to enact behaviors to look larger, whereas women should be more likely to enact behaviors to look smaller. The types of exercises that each performs should reflect this expectation. The present study replicates and extends work by L. Mealey (1997) on sex differences in exercise behavior. In the present study, male participants focused their energy on gaining muscle mass and enhancing their upper body definition, whereas female participants focused their energy on losing weight with emphasis on their lower body. Both sexes reported efforts to improve their abdominal region. It appears that men and women adopt sex-appropriate exercise behavior as a method of self-enhancement for intrasexual competition. Key words: evolutionary psychology, exercise, intrasexual competition, sex differences, HUMANS ARE A SEXUALLY DIMORPHIC SPECIES, meaning that each sex appears and acts differently than does the other in many ways. For instance, men tend to be larger, and women [...]

Research using Hong's Psychological Reactance Scale has been fraught with-methodological concerns. Researchers have been unable to find a stable, reliable, and replicable factor structure. Here, results suggested that Hong's Psychological Reactance Scale is a unidimensional one with an average alpha of .74 (SD = .46). This value was attained by first analyzing correlation matrices reproduced from three reports on Hong's Psychological Reactance Scale and then verifying this new factor structure with original data. Tests for internal consistency supported a 1-factor solution. Tests for external consistency supported prior findings in relation to Psycho logical Reactance and offer evidence that the 1-factor solution is externally valid. While the authors contend that a 1-factor solution is appropriate, further testing is needed for external consistency and refinement of the measure.