Search

Cases of pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were first described in Wuhan, China, at the end of December 2019 (1). The infection rapidly spread, causing [...]

Aspergillus fumigatus is a saprobic mold that thrives on decaying plant material. The fungus is thermotolerant and exhibits optimum growth at 37[degrees]C. A. fumigatus has evolved into an major cause [...]

During the past decade, outbreaks of bloodstream infections (BSIs) caused by rare and challenging to identify fungi have increased (1). Many rare infections occurred among patients admitted to neonatal intensive [...]

After antiretroviral therapy for HIV patients was introduced, solid organ transplant recipients became one of the major risk groups for developing cryptococcosis, possibly transmitted from donors (2,2). We describe 2 [...]

Azole antifungal drugs are the first line of therapy against Aspergillus fumigatus, a common etiologic agent of aspergillosis. These drugs are used as empirical prophylaxis and as targeted therapy for [...]

In 2009, yeast isolates from the external ear canal of a Japanese patient were identified as a new species, Candida auris, on the basis of sequence analysis of the nuclear [...]

Until recently, Cryptococcus gattii infections occurred mainly in tropical and subtropical climate zones. However, during the past decade, C. gattii infections in humans and animals in Europe have increased. To [...]

In the past decade, Candida auris has emerged in healthcare facilities as a multidrug-resistant pathogen that can cause outbreaks of invasive infections (1). C. auris has now been identified in [...]

The structure and acidity of the dimethylhalonium ions were studied at the Density Functional Theory level of calculations. Results indicated that upon proton transfer to form the dimethylhalonium ylide, the C-X-C bond angle increases and there are modifications in the C-X bond lengths, indicative of hyperconjugation between the electron pair with the C-X antibonding orbital.

Structures of B2H2n(super 2+) dications (n = 1-4) are investigated at the QCISD(T)/6-311G level of theory. Although deprotonations of the dications are exothermic, they show considerable kinetic barriers.

Structures and stabilities of hydridoborane dications BHn(super 2+) (n =1-8) are calculated at the ab initio MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ and DFT B3LYP/aug-cc-pVTZ levels of theory. The results show that the structures 1-8a are found to be the minima for the dications.

To the Editor: Cryptococcus gattii was considered to be geographically restricted to countries with tropical and subtropical climates until 1999, when an outbreak of cryptococcosis in humans and animals occurred [...]

Semiempirical SIBFA analysis of the conformations of substituted cyclohexyl esters involved in diastereoselective organic reaction reveals that the most stable conformations of esters have a pi-pi stacking between the aryl and the conjugated molecular fragments. The results indicate the significance of pi-pi complexation on the stabilities of conjugate esters. The calculated results agree well with theoretical and NMR data.

We report the first case of community-acquired bacteremia with Burkholderia fungorum, a newly described member of the Burkholderia cepacia complex. A 9-year-old girl sought treatment with septic arthritis in her [...]

There are two major mechanisms reported to prevent the autoreactivity of islet-specific [CD8.sup.+] T cells: ignorance and tolerance. When ignorance is operative, naive autoreactive [CD8.sup.+] T cells ignore islet antigens and recirculate without causing damage, unless activated by an external stimulus. In the case of tolerance, [CD8.sup.+] T cells are deleted. Which factor(s) contributes to each particular outcome was previously unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the concentration of self antigen determines which mechanism operates. When ovalbumin (OVA) was expressed at a relatively low concentration in the pancreatic islets of transgenic mice, there was no detectable cross-presentation, and the [CD8.sup.+] T cell compartment remained ignorant of OVA. In mice expressing higher doses of OVA, cross-presentation was detectable and led to peripheral deletion of OVA-specific [CD8.sup.+] T cells. When cross-presentation was prevented by reconstituting the bone marrow compartment with cells incapable of presenting OVA, deletional tolerance was converted to ignorance. Thus, the immune system uses two strategies to avoid [CD8.sup.+] T cell-mediated autoimmunity: for high dose antigens, it deletes autoreactive T cells, whereas for lower dose antigens, it relies on ignorance. antigen presentation | transgenic mice | ovalbumin | apoptosis | autoimmunity

The recently described species Candida dubliniensis has been recovered primarily from superficial oral candidiasis in HIV-infected patients. No clinically documented invasive infections were reported until now in this patient group [...]

There are a great number of complex mechanisms by which resistant strains of bacteria evade destruction by antibiotics; it is a perfectly natural phenomenon for a living organism to develop [...]

6. COMPUTERS, TECHNOLOGY AND BUSINESS 6.0 General Hilal Atasoy, The Effects of Broadband Internet Expansion on Labor Market Outcomes, 66 INDUS. & LAB. REL. REV. 315(2013). Jacques F. Baritot, Increasing [...]