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* Context.--Small case series have evaluated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) detection in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and/or RNA in situ hybridization (RNAish). Objective.--To compare droplet digital polymerase chain reaction, IHC, and RNAish to detect SARS-CoV-2 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue in a large series of lung specimens from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Design.--Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction and RNAish used commercially available probes; IHC used clone 1A9. Twenty-six autopsies of COVID-19 patients with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of 62 lung specimens, 22 heart specimens, 2 brain specimens, and 1 liver, and 1 umbilical cord were included. Control cases included 9 autopsy lungs from patients with other infections/inflammation and virus-infected tissue or cell lines. Results.--Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction had the highest sensitivity for SARS-CoV-2 (96%) when compared with IHC (31%) and RNAish (36%). All 3 tests had a specificity of 100%. Agreement between droplet digital polymerase chain reaction and IHC or RNAish was fair ([kappa] = 0.23 and [kappa] = 0.35, respectively). Agreement between IHC and in situ hybridization was substantial (k = 0.75). Interobserver reliability was almost perfect for IHC ([kappa] = 0.91) and fair to moderate for RNAish ([kappa] = 0.380.59). Lung tissues from patients who died earlier after onset of symptoms revealed higher copy numbers by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (P =.03, Pearson correlation = -0.65) and were more likely to be positive by RNAish (P =.02) than lungs from patients who died later. We identified SARS-CoV-2 in hyaline membranes, in pneumocytes, and rarely in respiratory epithelium. Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction showed low copy numbers in 7 autopsy hearts from ProteoGenex Inc. All other extrapulmonary tissues were negative. Conclusions.--Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction was the most sensitive and highly specific test to identify SARS-CoV-2 in lung specimens from COVID-19 patients. (Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2021;145:785-796; doi: 10.5858/arpa.2021-0008-SA), Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the disease that is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, can be life-threatening, largely because of development of acute respiratory distress syndrome. [...]

NATIVE PEOPLE and topics appear infrequently in much conventional southern history--even that which takes race and ethnicity as its primary lens. When they do appear, they often do so spectrally, [...]

Officially Indian: Symbols that Define the United States. By Cecile R. Ganteaume. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2017. 184 pp. Illustrations, notes, references, and index. $28 (cloth). Scholars have long [...]

Summary The government's modernisation agenda is challenging traditional practice by introducing new roles and concepts to meet the increasing healthcare needs of the older population and those with long-term conditions. [...]

Symptoms serve as intervention foci for patients and health care providers. Research has established a relationship between symptoms and quality of life for persons living with HIV/AIDS. This article reports symptom prevalence and intensity data that include gynecological and cognitive symptoms self-reported by HIV-infected women (N = 118). Using a cross-sectional, descriptive design, data were obtained using the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (MOS SF-36), and the revised Sign and Symptom Check-List for Persons Living with HIV/AIDS (SSC-HIV). Prevalent symptoms were depression (83%), muscle aches (84%), weakness (80%), and painful joints (71%). Symptoms with the highest mean intensity, however, were headaches, rash, insomnia, vaginal itching, and shortness of breath at rest. Symptoms also significantly predicted role functioning. This study contributes to our understanding the nature of symptoms and the influence of symptoms on role and physical functioning among HIV-infected women. Keywords: HIV/AIDS in women; symptoms; depression; gynecologic symptoms; quality of life; role functioning; physical functioning

In Drosophila the gene 'vestigial' is necessary for wing formation. It can induce wing-like growths on other structures. Vestigial, the nuclear protein, must have the function of the Scalloped protein to activate directly expression of genes that are related to wing morphogenesis. Scalloped is a member of the TEA family of transcription regulators. Analyses, both genetic and molecular, show Vestigial regulates wing identity by making a complex with Scalloped. The complex binds sequence to essential sites specifically in wing-specific enhancers. Likely combinatorial regulation by selector proteins and signal transducers is a general feature of the tissue-specific control of gene expression in organogenesis.

The Hox gene Ultrabithorax (Ubx) controls the development of wing and haltere in Drosophila through selective, independent regulation of genes at various levels of the wing-patterning hierarchy. Halteres are posterior flight appendages, smaller and morphologically different than wings. Ubx represses expression of specific genes in the anteroposterior axis, the dorsoventral axis, and the proximodistal axis to change a wing field into a haltere field.

Pre-removal Choctaw History: Exploring New Paths. Edited by Greg O'Brien. The Civilization of the American Indian Series. (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, c. 2008. Pp. xiv, 265. $39.95, ISBN 978-0-8061-3916-6.) [...]

An Empire of Small Places: Mapping the Southeastern Anglo-Indian Trade, 1732-1795. By Robert Paulett. Early American Places. (Athens, Ga., and London: University of Georgia Press, 2012. Pp. [xvi], 259. Paper, [...]

The formation of many complex structures is controlled by a special class of transcription factors encoded by selector genes. It is shown that SCALLOPED, the DNA binding component of the selector protein complex for the Drosophila wing field, binds to and directly regulates the cis-regulatory elements of many individual target genes within the genetic regulatory network controlling wing development. Furthermore, combinations of binding sites for SCALLOPED and transcriptional effectors of signaling pathways are necessary and sufficient to specify wing-specific responses to different signaling pathways. The obligate integration of selector and signaling protein inputs on cis-regulatory DNA may be a general mechanism by which selector proteins control extensive genetic regulatory networks during development., The concept of the morphogenetic field, a discrete set of cells in the embryo that gives rise to a particular structure, has held great importance in experimental embryology (1). The [...]