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Purpose Cardiopulmonary bypass induces an ischaemia-reperfusion injury and systemic inflammatory response, which contributes to low cardiac output syndrome following cardiac surgery. Exogenous nitric oxide during cardiopulmonary bypass has shown potential to ameliorate such injury. We undertook a large randomised controlled trial to investigate the clinical effects of administering nitric oxide to the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit in children. Methods After written informed consent, children were randomised to receive 20 ppm nitric oxide to the gas inflow of the cardiopulmonary bypass oxygenator, or standard conduct of bypass. Results 101 children received nitric oxide and developed low cardiac output syndrome less frequently (15 vs. 31 %, p = 0.007) than the 97 children who did not receive nitric oxide. This effect was most marked in children aged less than 6 weeks of age (20 vs. 52 %, p = 0.012) and in those aged 6 weeks to 2 years (6 vs. 24 %, p = 0.026), who also had significantly reduced ICU length of stay (43 vs. 84 h, p = 0.031). Low cardiac output syndrome was less frequent following more complex surgeries if nitric oxide was administered (17 vs. 48 %, p = 0.018). ECMO was used less often in the nitric oxide group (1 vs. 8 %, p = 0.014). Conclusions Delivery of nitric oxide to the oxygenator gas flow during paediatric cardiopulmonary bypass reduced the incidence of low cardiac output syndrome by varying degrees, according to age group and surgery complexity. Clinical Trial Registration: ACTRN12615001376538., Author(s): Christopher James [sup.1] [sup.2], Johnny Millar [sup.1] [sup.2], Stephen Horton [sup.2] [sup.3], Christian Brizard [sup.4], Charlotte Molesworth [sup.2], Warwick Butt [sup.1] [sup.2] [sup.5] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.416107.5, 0000000406140346, Department [...]

The materialisation of space-time is a central project for capitalism. Within the finance sector, the relationship between the (exchange) value of money now and the (capital) value of money in [...]

The Gambler conjures a world of myth: not as a fiction of human consciousness but as unconscious image-language. Its ambition is to write geography as material subject. In tracing the discourse written in the built environment the text ranges over the analyses of Marx and Freud and into the gestural worlds of Kafka and the blood sports of the ancient Colosseum. It discovers the myth of New Zealand horse racing, written in pictures in the local pub where virtual racing, abstracted from the living world, (dis)plays on the television screen. Here, finally, The Gambler comes to terms with loss. Key words: cultural geography, dialectics, gambling, historical materialism, New Zealand.

The election of Sukhinder Turner as Dunedin, New Zealand's first female, first Green, and first Sikh mayor may be a reflection of the city's struggle for fairness. Imbalanced economic growth patterns may have contributed to the community's frustration. However, the re-election of all the sitting city council members appears to contradict this symbolic effort. Political, social, and economic struggles will likely continue in this community in flux.

The stratigraphy and sedimentology of Jurassic to Tertiary sediments within the Laura and Carpentaria basins in northeastern Australia show that the continental drainage divide here predates the onset of continental margin formation and has remained stationary since the Middle Jurassic. This result is contrary to models of the evolution of highlands adjacent to passive continental margins that state that divide migration associated with downwarping of the highland flank and widespread stream reversals and/or captures should occur following margin development. The results also show that a maximum of only 50 m of denudation could have occurred on the continental drainage divide here since the Cretaceous. Keywords: passive margin, tectonics, continental drainage divide, denudation.